scholarly journals Changing Attitudes Toward Indigenous1 Languages in Russia: Some Evidence from the North

2020 ◽  
pp. 1937-1951
Author(s):  
Erzhen V. Khilkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of this article is to show the changing dynamics of attitudes toward indigenous languages in the USSR and the Russian Federation. Since language attitudes have rarely become a special object of investigation in Russian sociolinguistics, the article dwells on theoretical issues of language attitudes studies. Then the author briefly describes attitudes to indigenous languages in the USSR and in the Russian Federation and their close correlation with the state language policy. As an argument confirming the change in language attitudes, the author brings results of a psychosociolinguistic experiment conducted in the Republic of Buryatia in 2013. More explicit and detailed argumentation is provided using the case of languages of peoples of the North focusing on boarding schools for northern peoples in Russia and Finland. The author comes to the conclusion that Finland has switched to practical measures to preserve and develop the Sámi language, while in Russia the corresponding changes can be observed only at the level of attitudes to indigenous languages, and the majority of languages of the peoples of the North are in different stages of language shift. Generally, the article concludes about two opposite trends in Russia: one towards the policy of centralization and support of the state (Russian) language, another one is seen in the gradual change of language attitudes towards greater tolerance and appreciation of linguistic diversity and in the increase in language activism

scholarly journals Language Policy of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Vesna Kosmajac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Language

This paper presents a sociolinguistic analysis of the current linguistic situation in the Russian Federation. Preservation and development of the Russian language represents the national interest of the state. The Russian language has the status of a state language, but, given the large number of ethnic groups living on the territory of Russia, it must not jeopardise other national languages, as this could lead to inter-ethnic conflicts. Some of the key issues Russia is currently facing in this field are: the process of globalisation, the uncontrolled penetration of anglicisms into the Russian language, the adverse impact of the Internet and social networks on literacy, especially with the younger population. All valid rules of the Russian orthography are, in fact, prescribed by the Government of The Russian Federation. Laws regulating the area of language policy are the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law on the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation, and the Law on the State Language of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Problems of the Languages Vitality of the Peoples of Russian Federation in Past and Present

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
E. A. Kondrashkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
The State ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Official Status

The issues related to the problems of vitality of the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation are discussed in the article. It is noted that the solution to these problems was at a low level during the USSR period, and at present there are no significant changes in its attitude. The analysis of the concept of vitality, its main indicators and factors affecting its level is given. A sociolinguistic review of the languages of the Russian Federation on the official status enshrined in constitutions, laws on languages and other normative documents is presented. Particular attention is paid to the national linguistic policy of the state and those extra-linguistic aspects that have had a great influence on the value orientations of native speakers. Statistical indicators of the decrease in the functional significance of national languages and the growing trend of a language shift in favor of the Russian language are given. It is proved that the official status of the state title languages of the republics has brought little change to the regional language situation. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the past 2019 was declared by the UN General Assembly as the International Year of Indigenous Languages, as well as the fact that in the Russian Federation recent years have been conflicting regarding the voluntary and compulsory study in schools by all students of the state title languages of the republics, despite on the nationality and desire of the student himself. The novelty is seen in the fact that the author analyzes the vitality of languages of the largest peoples of the Russian Federation with a population of over 1 million and over 500 thousand in different time periods.

scholarly journals Preparations used in the fight against wireworms and aphids on potato

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
O. V. Dolzhenko ◽  
M. N. Shorokhov ◽  
O. A. Krivchenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
West Region ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Registration

In the North-West region of the Russian Federation, studies have been conducted to study the biological efficacy of combination products in the fight against wireworms and aphids - carriers of viruses on potatoes. Studied the effectiveness of new products not yet included in the State catalog of pesticides: Bombard, CS (130+90+60 g/l), Wibrans Max, CS (262.5+25+25 g/l), as well as combined insecticides - by spraying during the growing season - Dexter, KS (115+106 g/l) and Eforia, KS (106+141 g/l). These preparations provide effective protection of potatoes against wireworms and aphids and can be recommended for use after their state registration and inclusion in the State Catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals permitted for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The Destruction of Pharmaceutical Products as an Element of the Efficiency of State Control (Supervision) Over the Circulation of Medicines

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-747
Author(s):  
Fatima Nikolaevna Bidarova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The State ◽  
The North ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Quality ◽  
State Medical Academy

Background: The modern system of state quality control over medicine makes it possible to reveal and withdraw drugs, that do not meet the requirements. However the problem of the turnover of substandard and fake drug and their destruction in the Russian Federation is still urgent. The aim of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of state quality control over medicine and the practice of fake medicine destruction. Methods: data of the official websites of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania, Russian Sanitary Inspection, National Center of Quality control and Certification of Drugs were included in the investigation. Method of unrepeated samples was used in sociological investigations. 225 questionnaires have been worked out. The research was carried out in the North-Ossetian State Medical academy during the period from 2013 to 2015 with the help of the National Center of Quality Control and Certification of Drugs. Results: The shortcomings of the state quality control over the rules of fake drug destruction were studied. It was found out that the mechanism of permanent data collection monitoring of revealing, moving and destruction of substandard and fake drug destruction has not been determined. The ineffectiveness of controlling measures under the condition of critical legal base deficiency has been confirmed. The analysis of terminology characterizing the order of fake drug destruction was carried out. Conclusion: deficiencies related to the implementation of the state quality control over the fake drug destruction rules revealed during the course of investigations prove the necessity of adopting measures in creating new model of control functions, increasing the results of activity.

scholarly journals Agrobiological characteristics of the new ultra earlyripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
E. G. Filippov ◽  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov ◽  
I. M. Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
New Variety ◽  
The North ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
The Russian Federation

The purpose of current work was to conduct an economic and biological estimation of the main morphobiological traits and properties of the ultra-early-ripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’ in comparison with the standard variety. In connection with the increasing climate aridity in recent years, the relevance of the production uses of early-ripening varieties of grain crops, including winter barley, has increased. For several decades the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” has been working in this direction, which resulted in the development of the new ultra early-ripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’. Since 2019 the variety ‘Foks 1’ has been included in the State List of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus region. The variety parentage has the highly winter-resistant, lodging-resistant and large-grain varieties. The variety ‘Foks 1’ ripens on average 8–10 days earlier than the middle-ripening standard variety ‘Timofey’. On average, over the years of study in the Competitive Variety Testing (2017–2019), the trait “1000 grains weight” of the variety was 42.5 g, that of the standard variety was 40.2 g, the trait “grain nature” was 672 and 656 g/l, respectively. The trait “number of grains per head” of the new variety was 51, that of the standard variety was 45. The new variety formed an average yield of 8.1 t/ha, the excess over the standard was 0.5 t/ha. The variety ‘Foks 1’ was of a high level of winter tolerance and was resistant to lodging, it was also tolerant to damage by the main leaf diseases widespread in the region. The study results at the state variety plots of the Russian Federation and ecological testing in various soil and climatic zones have shown that the new ultra early-ripening winter barley variety ‘Foks 1’ under increasing climate aridity is undoubtedly of practical interest for cultivation in the North Caucasian region of the Russian Federation.

Co-Management by Indigenous Minorities of the North over Arctic Territories in the Period of Their Commercial Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Геннадий Чеботарев ◽  
Gyennadiy CHyebotaryev ◽  
Елена Гладун ◽  
Elena Gladun
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Russian Federation

The authors explain the significance of the presented subject by the current intensive industrial development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation and other Northern countries, which apart from positive economic and social benefits, also brings climate change, environmental problems and destroys traditional lifestyle and economy management of indigenous minorities of the North. The article proves that in many countries indigenous minorities of the North are interested not only in enforcement and guarantees of their rights on the part of the state, but also in making managerial decisions on the use and protection of territories which is the traditional place of their inhabitance and economic activity, together with government authorities and resource-users. The authors view co-management as an efficient model of interrelations between the state, local self-government and indigenous minorities of the North. The authors analyze international rules, foreign laws and regulations, and legislation of the Russian Federation that create legal framework for the implementation of the co-management model in the Arctic territories of Russia. In their article the authors indicate gaps in federal legislation in the area of protection of the Northern indigenous peoples’ rights to govern the territories of their traditional inhabitance and economic activity. In the end the authors state the possibilities to fill the gaps in the federal and regional legislation on the indigenous minorities’ rights, in particular, they suggest approving and ratifying international documents on indigenous peoples, including co-management norms, into the RF legislation, and also expanding possibilities of government and local authorities on indigenous minorities’ involvement into management over the Northern territories.

LANGUAGE OF PUBLICATION OF NORMATIVE ACTS: PROBLEMS OF BILINGUALISM OF REGIONAL LEGISLATION AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Michael A. Revazov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Simultaneous Use ◽  
Language Of Publication ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Language

The use of the state language of the Russian Federation is mandatory in the publication of regulatory legal acts of both Federal and regional levels. The republics of the Russian Federation, along with the Russian language, may use their own state languages in the publication of the legal acts. The current legislation defines the procedure for the use of the Russian language as a state language, but this procedure is far from perfect. Certain requirements should be made and the use of regional official languages. The simultaneous use of two or more languages in the creation and publication of an legal acts creates a number of difficulties, inevitable in bilingual or multilingual legislation.

scholarly journals Преподавание учебных предметов «Родной язык» и «Государственный язык республики» в системе общего образования РФ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lotfullin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Educational

Проведен анализ изменений, внесенных в федеральный закон Об образовании в РФ в части языков обучения и оценены их влияние на состояние языков нерусских народов РФ. Показана некорректность выделения отдельного учебного предмета Государственные языки в предметной области Родной язык и литература . Предложено включить в ФГОС в качестве ключевых компетенций компетенции в области родного языка и государственную итоговую аттестацию выпускников 9, 11-х классов по родному языку и литературе и строить систему образования на поликультурных и полилингвальных принципах. Внедрение поликультурной, полилингвальной системы образования позволит обеспечить гармоническое развитие языков всех народов, в том числе и русского.Analysis of the amendments to the Federal Analysis of the amendments to the Federal Law On Education in the Russian Federation regarding the languages of schooling is carried out, their impact on the state of the languages of non-Russian peoples of the Russian Federation being evaluated. The incorrectness of the allocation of a separate subject State Languages in the subject area Native Language and Literature and the possibility of destruction and loss of the cultural and linguistic diversity of Russia, both being a result of the new language policy implementation are shown. The author proposes to include competencies in the process of learning a mother tongue and the state final certification of graduates for grades 9, 11 in their native language and literature as key competencies in the Federal State Educational Standard and to build a system of education on multicultural and multilingual principles. The introduction of a multicultural, and multilingual education system will ensure the harmonious development of any peoples languages including Russian.

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