scholarly journals An ecological view on cognitive linguistics: perspectives of applying the principles of cognitive ecology in linguistic researches

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Anastasia Vladimirovna Kolmogorova
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Cognitive Ecology ◽  
Ecological View ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Epistemic Conception

The articlediscusses the perspectives of the development and the applicative potential of a recently appeared in cognitive science approach – the cognitive ecology. The approach proposes a new methodology of cognitive research, deeply based on a rather particular epistemic conception. In the article, we consequently examine the concepts of ecology and of cognitive system. The latter is considered from the point of view of different traditions existing on the field of modern cognitive researches. We pay a particular attention to the distributed cognition theory which has introduced the notion of languiging in the scientific context. The term is elaborated in order to denote the subject activities, firstly, linked with the language use and, simultaneously, deeply immerged in the situation of two or more cognitive agents interaction sharped around the understanding. We also present several examples of cognitive researches accomplished on the field of linguistics which share the philosophy of the ecological approach and those results illustrate the productivity of its methodology. In conclusion, we give ourdefinition of what is meant under the notion of cognitive ecology and we propose a draft of what could be a “credo” of the ecological approach in cognitive linguistics.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

scholarly journals The Influence of Pragmatic Norms on the English Proverbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Hamid Suleiman Khalaf Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Maxim Of Quality ◽  
The One

In human languages proverbs constitute a very important aspect of language use. Thus, they have been a subject of varying attention from different specialists: linguists and language users in general. Shakespeare is described as the most adroit user of proverbs in literature; therefore, his plays have been the subject of numerous scientific investigations, whereby from a linguistic point of view the focus has primarily been aimed at vocabulary and grammar. On the one hand, attention has been paid regularly to lexical items because Shakespeare is supposed to have been a great innovator of words due to his coinage of new lexemes and his usage of several unknown expressions. Linguistic studies have also been concerned with grammatical constructions which are typical of the English at Shakespeare’s time. Many writers employ proverbs in their works but Shakespeare is different in the way he employs proverbs which are used to serve different functions and to achieve different illocutionary acts. These proverbs are embedded in the flow of conversations and they may flout one or more than one of Grice‘s maxims. The present study aims at analyzing proverbs and explaining how far Grice’s cooperative principles (maxims) are abided by in Shakespeare’s proverbs as specified in the data. Proverbs are sometimes said to mean something else in addition to what is explicitly stated. Words may mean something beyond those intended by the speaker or the writer. These extra meanings might achieve or refer to different illocutionary acts. The study explores whether or not these illocutionary acts share certain structural features. In order to achieve the aims of the research, the following hypotheses have been proposed: Grice’s cooperative principle is frequently flouted in Shakespeare’s proverbs. The maxim of Quality seems to be flouted more than the other maxims. This maxim is mainly flouted by the use of metaphor. Shakespeare’s proverbs are also characterized by the use of the speech

scholarly journals On intentionality of communication in terms of general cognitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (25) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Elena A. Petrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Linguistic Categories

The article is devoted to the issues of cognitive linguistics, which studies language as a communication tool. The article postulates that cognitive linguistics is an approach to the analysis of natural language, which has as its main goal the study of language as a tool for organizing, processing and transmitting information. The author puts forward a point of view that it is fundamentally important for cognitive linguistics to analyze the conceptual base of linguistic categories, as well as certain mechanisms of information processing. The subject of the analysis in the article is the characteristic of the ratio of linguistic and cognitive modules. The purpose of the article is to analyze the correlation of linguistic and cognitive modules. The methodological basis of the study includes theoretical works on cognitive linguistics and philosophical theory of cognition, for which the priority is the study of language as a cognitive mechanism that contributes to encoding and transforming information. The emphasis is placed on the fact that language serves cognition, which is understood as both scientific and everyday comprehention of the world, realized in the processes of its conceptualization and categorization. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of verbal and non-verbal communication using the example of mental representations formed in childhood. The results of the analysis underline the ambiguous interpretation of the problem, revealing the mechanism of perception and generation of speech. A conclusion is made that communication can be divided into intentional and non-intentional. Evidence was found that the information transmission can be carried out without intention, i.e., not all information can be intentional.

What it is like to be a pickpocket

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-918
Author(s):  
Witold M Wachowski
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Structure ◽  
Ecological Psychology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Cognitive Ecology ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Robert Bresson

This study aims to show the socio-cognitive engineering of the pickpocket craft from the point of view of cognitive ecology. Being a pickpocket has a wider, existential status; studying it goes beyond the field of cognitive sciences. My ambitions are more modest: I try to show that the question about what it is like to be someone like a pickpocket is also a question about the cognitive structure of his or her activity space. In this light, I analyze some aspects of the reality presented in the movie Pickpocket by Robert Bresson. From the ecological point of view, scenes from the old movie present pickpocketing techniques in the context of the opportunities and constraints of a given environment. I claim that studies like this require integrating certain conceptual tools, like distributed cognition approach, ecological psychology, and cognitive studies of design.

scholarly journals Multifocal Motor Neuropathy with Persistent Conduction Block: The Seminal Case

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
François Ochsner ◽  
Laurent Tatu
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Block ◽  
Multifocal Motor Neuropathy ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Motor Neuropathy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Context ◽  
The Subject

Although multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is now recognized as a distinct, albeit rare, neurological condition, the path to its recognition was long and winding. This article provides an insight into the medical history of MMN “patient zero” and the first scientific publication that led to the recognition of MMN by the medical community. Multifocal motor neuropathy is nowadays recognized as a disease that produces asymmetric muscle weakness and cramping, with spontaneous motor unit activity (fasciculations and myokymia) but without sensory disorder. From an electrophysiological point of view, the neuropathy is characterized by persistent conduction blocks that usually initially affect the proximal upper extremity. The path to recognizing this rare entity was long and winding. In this article, we describe the first known patient suffering from this disease and the scientific context of its emergence, leading to the first publication on the subject, written by Gérard Roth (1923–2006) and his colleagues at the Neurology Department of Geneva University Hospital (Switzerland) [Eur Neurol. 1986;25(6):416–23].

scholarly journals АСОЦИЈАТИВНИ ПРИСТУП ЛЕКСИКАЛИЗОВАНИМ ИМЕНИЧКИМ ДЕМИНУТИВИМА СА СУФИКСОМ -ИЦА КОД СТУДЕНАТА СРБИСТИКЕ

TEME ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 055
Author(s):  
Александра Јанић
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Derivational Suffix

The subject of this paper are the lexicalized noun diminutives with the Serbian derivational suffix -ica from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, regarding associations Serbian native speakers (students of the Serbian language and literature) had to them. Our aim is to determine which of the lexemes given in the questionnaire as stimuli and first associations provided by the participants are mainly connected with a lexicalized meaning (e.g. babica, školice), and not with the diminutive one (e.g. bubica, pahuljice). The results of the analysis of the noun diminutives with at least one lexicalized meaning are analyzed regarding their form (singular/plural), usage, and the degree of the lexicalization (complete or partial lexicalization). The conlusions are useful for the clearer perception of the lexicalized diminutives, the lexicographical point of view, and for the distribution of meaning as well.

scholarly journals NEW VISION OF CONCEPT EUROPE (A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
V. KRAVCHENKO ◽  
H. SOSOI ◽  
S. DEINEKA
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Dynamics ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Vision

This article presents a study of the concept EUROPE, done in the area of cognitive linguistics. The concept EUROPE is considered a conceptual quantum of structured knowledge, possessing of different meanings. The article analyzes the concept EUROPE from a linguistic point of view, which allowed to reveal a number of specific features of its semantics, to get a more comprehensive and diverse view of it by constructing cognitive schemes implementing concept EUROPE, as well as to identify basic metaphorical models. Involvement of methods of conceptual analysis allows to present the analised concept in the form of a certain conceptual model, a special way organized conceptual scheme. With the help of the conceptual model of the Subject frame the cognitive dynamics of the concept development in the European integration discourse is revealed. Political metaphor is one of the most common and effective policy tools. The research material is characterized by the use of metaphors belonging to such basic types, which are related to the reference spheres as the sociomorphic sphere, the anthropomorphic sphere, the sphere of artifacts and the sphere of nature. Conceptual metaphors of European integration discourse use in their codes the conceptual fields “space”, “travel”, “movement”, “construction”, “work results”, “family relations”, “nature”, “sports”, “art”, etc.

A Modified Chair Geometry for Whole Body Counting

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-247
Author(s):  
S. C. Jain ◽  
G. C. Bhola ◽  
A. Nagaratnam ◽  
M. M. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
The Buddha

SummaryIn the Marinelli chair, a geometry widely used in whole body counting, the lower part of the leg is seen quite inefficiently by the detector. The present paper describes an attempt to modify the standard chair geometry to minimise this limitation. The subject sits crossed-legged in the “Buddha Posture” in the standard chair. Studies with humanoid phantoms and a volunteer sitting in the Buddha posture show that this modification brings marked improvement over the Marinelli chair both from the point of view of sensitivity and uniformity of spatial response.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

Effectiveness of Flood Protection Project Valuation Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Liziński ◽  
Marcin Bukowski ◽  
Anna Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Project Valuation ◽  
The Subject

Projects for flood protection are increasingly the subject of investment projects in the field of water management. This is related to the increasing frequency of worldwide threats caused by extreme weather conditions, including extremely high rainfall causing floods. Technical and nontechnical flood protection measures are also increasing in importance. In the decision-making process, it is necessary to take into account both the costs and benefits of avoiding losses, including an analysis of social benefits, whose valuation of non-market goods is an essential element. A comprehensive account of projects in the field of flood protection based on the estimated costs and benefits of the investment allows the economic efficiency from a general social point of view to be determined. Previous evaluations of the effectiveness of investment projects have mainly taken into account only categories and market values. The aim of the article is to identify the possibilities to expand the values of non-market assessments and categories formulated on the basis of the theoretical economics of the environment. 

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