scholarly journals Physiochemical and in-vitro Cytotoxicity Properties of Biocompatible Palm Fatty Acid-Based Polyesters

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tze Qzian Ling ◽  
Yiing Jye Yap ◽  
Yi Xin Heng ◽  
Siang Yin Lee ◽  
Rhun Yian Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Value Determination

With the sharp rise in global interest in sustainability and environmental concerns, there is a growing demand in replacing petroleum-derived raw materials with renewable plant-based raw materials in the production of polymers. In this study, two palm fatty acid polyesters were synthesized from palmitic and stearic acids. Their chemical structures were identified by FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis. Both polyesters showed a moderately high conversion rate from the acid value determination. DSC analysis showed that the palmitic acid polyester (PAP) had a lower Tg than that of stearic acid polyester (SAP), where PA P had a Tg of 1.8 °C, while SAP had a Tg of 31.9 °C. TGA demonstrated that thermal decomposition of both polyesters took place via two-stage processes, which occurred above 200 °C. GPC analysis showed that PAP (1031 g/mol) had a higher Mn value than SAP (972 g/mol). MTT assays were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of these polyesters against human keratinocytes (HaCaT), mouse fibroblasts (3T3), mouse hepatocytes (H2.35), and canine kidney cells (MDCK) in both dose- and time-dependent manners, with SDS serving as the experimental benchmark. Comparative cytotoxicity test showed that both PA P and SAP were biocompatibility and non-cytotoxic with the cell viability well above 80%, except SAP demonstrated a moderately low cytotoxicity on fibroblasts with cell viability remaining as 50.4% following 72 h exposure at 100 μg/mL of concentration. These findings suggest that the natural-sourced palm fatty acid polyesters have high potential to be used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

scholarly journals Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles derived from mussel shells for in vitro cytotoxicity test and cell viability

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e04085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehan T. El-Bassyouni ◽  
Samah S. Eldera ◽  
Sayed H. Kenawy ◽  
Esmat M.A. Hamzawy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Mussel Shells

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test Reveals Non-toxic of Waste-based Scaffold on Human Hepatocyte Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Oktantia Frenny Anggani ◽  
Aniek Setiya Budiatin ◽  
Laksmi Sulmartiwi ◽  
Muhammad Rahmad Royan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Human Hepatocyte ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Hepatocyte Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Scaffold, as one of the components for bone tissue engineering, requires formulated biomaterials that are both structurally and compositively similar to bone composition. Among others, chitosan, gelatin and chondroitin sulfate are known as potential candidates for scaffold composites that can be easily obtained from waste-based resources. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of different scaffold composition and concentration regimes derived from waste-based chitosan, gelatine and chondroitin sulfate, in vitro. The composition regimes used were (Chitosan : Gelatin : Chondroitin Sulfate) 50 : 50 : 0 (A); 50 : 40 :10 (B); 50 : 35 : 15 (C); 50 : 30 : 20 (D); 50 : 25 : 25 (E). Meanwhile, the final concentrations of scaffold used were 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 100, 10 and 0,1 mg/ml. The different compositions and concentrations of scaffold was tested against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Huh7it / Human Hepatocyte It). After 48-hour incubation in the scaffold solution, the percentage of cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The result shows that there is no difference observed among different scaffold compositions on the cell viability (p > 0.05). However, different concentrations of scaffold show significant differences in cell viability in composition C and E (p < 0.01), suggesting possible dose- dependent effect of scaffold on cell viability. Overall, all the waste-based scaffold compositions show no toxicity against the Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells as exhibited by the cell viability that is above 70%, at least with the concentration up to 2000 mg/ml.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements with and without chlorhexidine

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S089-S093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Gulce Iz ◽  
Fahinur Ertugrul ◽  
Ece Eden ◽  
S. Ismet Deliloglu Gurhan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
L929 Mouse

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) as well as coated with varnish or not using in vitro cytotoxicity test. Materials and Methods: Biocompatibility of Fuji IX, Fuji IX with varnish, Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate and Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate with varnish was determined with in vitro cytotoxicity assay by using L929 mouse connective tissue fibroblasts. After 72 h, cell viabilities were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay to determine the effects of the cements on the mitochondrial function and microscopic images were taken by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. 72 h after treatment, there were statistically significant differences between Fuji IX and Fuji IX-CHX (p < 0.001). In addition, the reduction of the cytotoxicity by coating the GICs with varnish was indicative and increased the cell viability ratio (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Fuji IX coated with varnish was found to be the most biocompatible one among others. Thus adding CHX significantly reduced the cell viability, it is assumed that, due to the leakage of CHX and the other components of the GICs to the cell culture medium, the cell viabilities were decreased, so it is highly recommended to use varnish not only to reduce the water loss from the GICs, but also to reduce the cytotoxicity of the GICs.

Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Bindu K.N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fractional Factorial

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc. helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers. Methods: In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter. Results: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~ 10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) skin cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipomers: Development, Characterization, and Skin Biodistribution Studies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Eloy Pena-Rodríguez ◽  
Maria Lajarin-Reinares ◽  
Aida Mata-Ventosa ◽  
Sandra Pérez-Torras ◽  
Francisco Fernández-Campos
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Vertical Diffusion ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Follicular Targeting ◽  
Depot Effect

Follicular targeting has gained more attention in recent decades, due to the possibility of obtaining a depot effect in topical administration and its potential as a tool to treat hair follicle-related diseases. Lipid core ethyl cellulose lipomers were developed and optimized, following which characterization of their physicochemical properties was carried out. Dexamethasone was encapsulated in the lipomers (size, 115 nm; polydispersity, 0.24; zeta-potential (Z-potential), +30 mV) and their in vitro release profiles against dexamethasone in solution were investigated by vertical diffusion Franz cells. The skin biodistribution of the fluorescent-loaded lipomers was observed using confocal microscopy, demonstrating the accumulation of both lipomers and fluorochromes in the hair follicles of pig skin. To confirm this fact, immunofluorescence of the dexamethasone-loaded lipomers was carried out in pig hair follicles. The anti-inflammatory (via TNFα) efficacy of the dexamethasone-loaded lipomers was demonstrated in vitro in an HEK001 human keratinocytes cell culture and the in vitro cytotoxicity of the nanoformulation was investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Pork Meat Replacement by Fish Products on Fatty Acid Content, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Pork Pâtés

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Agnieszka Kaliniak-Dziura ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Mariusz Florek ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Control Group

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the addition of fish raw materials (roe or fish meat) on the quality and nutritional value of pork pâtés. The control group (n = 4) consisted of pork pâtés, I experimental group (n = 6) of pâtés with 20% addition of roe (perch and pike), and II group of pâtés with 20% addition of fish (perch and pike meat) (n = 6). The pâtés’ pH, color, and profiled texture analysis were instrumentally measured and water, protein, fat, ash, and fatty acid content were determined by reference methods. To assess the oxidative stability of lipids the measurement of peroxide number, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and content of conjugated dienes and trienes was used. The degree of fat hydrolysis was determined on the basis of acid value. Sensory analysis was carried out using the scaling method, taking into account 12 unit quality characteristics. Products with roe and meat contained less fat (accordingly 15.9% and 14.1%) and showed lower calorific value (accordingly 225.6 and 208.6 kcal/100 g) compared to pork pâtés (20.2% of lipids, 267 kcal/100 g). Moreover, the addition of fish raw materials improved the index of nutritional quality for protein (from 3.2 to 3.9) and beneficially reduced the nutritional index for fat (from 2.2 to 1.9). Fish constituents modified, to a certain extent, the color, texture, and sensory properties of pâtés, while maintaining full acceptability in consumer assessment. The addition of fish roe significantly increased the healthful quality by improving the fatty acid profile of pâtés, in which the significantly highest content of n-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (accordingly 252.21, 43.17, and 107.94 mg/100 g product), as well the highest concentration of saturated branched chain fatty acids were determined (18.75 mg/100 g product).

scholarly journals Synthesis, Bioactivity, Pharmacokinetic and Biomimetic Properties of Multi-Substituted Coumarin Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5999
Author(s):  
Annita Katopodi ◽  
Evangelia Tsotsou ◽  
Triantafylia Iliou ◽  
Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou ◽  
Eleni Pontiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Coumarin Derivatives ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
A375 Cells

A series of novel multi-substituted coumarin derivatives were synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and evaluated for their antioxidant activity, soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory ability, their influence on cell viability in immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), and cytotoxicity in adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) and human melanoma (A375) cells, in vitro. Coumarin analogues 4a–4f, bearing a hydroxyl group at position 5 of the coumarin scaffold and halogen substituents at the 3-phenyl ring, were the most promising ABTS•+ scavengers. 6,8-Dibromo-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-chromen-2-one (4k) and 6-bromo-3-(4,5-diacetyloxyphenyl)-4-methyl-chromen-2-one (3m) exhibited significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC50 36.9 and 37.1 μM). In the DCF-DA assay, the 4′-fluoro-substituted compound 3f (100%), and the 6-bromo substituted compounds 3i (80.9%) and 4i (100%) presented the highest activity. The 3′-fluoro-substituted coumarins 3e and 4e, along with 3-(4-acetyloxyphenyl)-6,8-dibromo-4-methyl-chromen-2-one (3k), were the most potent lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors (IC50 11.4, 4.1, and 8.7 μM, respectively) while displaying remarkable hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, 85.2%, 100%, and 92.9%, respectively. in silico docking studies of compounds 4e and 3k, revealed that they present allosteric interactions with the enzyme. The majority of the analogues (100 μΜ) did not affect the cell viability of HaCaT cells, though several compounds presented over 60% cytotoxicity in A549 or A375 cells. Finally, the human oral absorption (%HOA) and plasma protein binding (%PPB) properties of the synthesized coumarins were also estimated using biomimetic chromatography, and all compounds presented high %HOA (>99%) and %PPB (60–97%) values.

scholarly journals Multiresponsive Hybrid Microparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Bioactive Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Vlasov ◽  
Pavel S. Postnikov ◽  
Mikhail V. Belousov ◽  
Sergei V. Krivoshchekov ◽  
Mekhman S. Yusubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ultrasonic Fields ◽  
Burst Intensity ◽  
Free Doxorubicin

Hybrid microparticles based on an iron core and an amphiphilic polymeric shell have been prepared to respond simultaneously to magnetic and ultrasonic fields and variation in the surrounding pH to trigger and modulate the delivery of doxorubicin. The microparticles have been developed in four steps: (i) synthesis of the iron core; (ii) surface modification of the core; (iii) conjugation with the amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted chitosan; and (iv) doxorubicin loading. The particles demonstrate spherical shape, a size in the range of 1–3 µm and surface charge that is tuneable by changing the pH of the environment. The microparticles demonstrate good stability in simulated physiological solutions and are able to hold up to 400 µg of doxorubicin per mg of dried particles. The response to ultrasound and the changes in the shell structure during exposure to different pH levels allows the control of the burst intensity and release rate of the payload. Additionally, the magnetic response of the iron core is preserved despite the polymer coat. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast NIH/3T3 demonstrate a reduction in the cell viability after administration of doxorubicin-loaded microparticles compared to the administration of free doxorubicin. The application of ultrasound causes a burst in the release of the doxorubicin from the carrier, causing a decrease in cell viability. The microparticles demonstrate in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility at concentrations of up to 50 and 60 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Cytotoxicity Study: Cell Viability and Cell Morphology of Carbon Nanofibrous Scaffold/Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1552
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. Abd El-Aziz ◽  
Azza El-Maghraby ◽  
Andrea Ewald ◽  
Sherif H. Kandil
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Hydrothermal Modification ◽  
Bone Cell Proliferation ◽  
L929 Mouse

Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which were modified with hydroxyapatite, were fabricated to be used as a substrate for bone cell proliferation. The CNFs were derived from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers after two steps of heat treatment: stabilization and carbonization. Carbon nanofibrous (CNF)/hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods; one of them being modification during electrospinning (CNF-8HA) and the second method being hydrothermal modification after carbonization (CNF-8HA; hydrothermally) to be used as a platform for bone tissue engineering. The biological investigations were performed using in-vitro cell counting, WST cell viability and cell morphology after three and seven days. L929 mouse fibroblasts were found to be more viable on the hydrothermally-modified CNF scaffolds than on the unmodified CNF scaffolds. The biological characterizations of the synthesized CNF/HA nanofibrous composites indicated higher capability of bone regeneration.

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