scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test Reveals Non-toxic of Waste-based Scaffold on Human Hepatocyte Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Oktantia Frenny Anggani ◽  
Aniek Setiya Budiatin ◽  
Laksmi Sulmartiwi ◽  
Muhammad Rahmad Royan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Human Hepatocyte ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Hepatocyte Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

Scaffold, as one of the components for bone tissue engineering, requires formulated biomaterials that are both structurally and compositively similar to bone composition. Among others, chitosan, gelatin and chondroitin sulfate are known as potential candidates for scaffold composites that can be easily obtained from waste-based resources. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxicity of different scaffold composition and concentration regimes derived from waste-based chitosan, gelatine and chondroitin sulfate, in vitro. The composition regimes used were (Chitosan : Gelatin : Chondroitin Sulfate) 50 : 50 : 0 (A); 50 : 40 :10 (B); 50 : 35 : 15 (C); 50 : 30 : 20 (D); 50 : 25 : 25 (E). Meanwhile, the final concentrations of scaffold used were 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 100, 10 and 0,1 mg/ml. The different compositions and concentrations of scaffold was tested against Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Huh7it / Human Hepatocyte It). After 48-hour incubation in the scaffold solution, the percentage of cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The result shows that there is no difference observed among different scaffold compositions on the cell viability (p > 0.05). However, different concentrations of scaffold show significant differences in cell viability in composition C and E (p < 0.01), suggesting possible dose- dependent effect of scaffold on cell viability. Overall, all the waste-based scaffold compositions show no toxicity against the Hepatocellular Carcinoma cells as exhibited by the cell viability that is above 70%, at least with the concentration up to 2000 mg/ml.

scholarly journals Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles derived from mussel shells for in vitro cytotoxicity test and cell viability

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e04085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehan T. El-Bassyouni ◽  
Samah S. Eldera ◽  
Sayed H. Kenawy ◽  
Esmat M.A. Hamzawy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles ◽  
Mussel Shells

scholarly journals Physiochemical and in-vitro Cytotoxicity Properties of Biocompatible Palm Fatty Acid-Based Polyesters

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
Yvonne Tze Qzian Ling ◽  
Yiing Jye Yap ◽  
Yi Xin Heng ◽  
Siang Yin Lee ◽  
Rhun Yian Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Value Determination

With the sharp rise in global interest in sustainability and environmental concerns, there is a growing demand in replacing petroleum-derived raw materials with renewable plant-based raw materials in the production of polymers. In this study, two palm fatty acid polyesters were synthesized from palmitic and stearic acids. Their chemical structures were identified by FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis. Both polyesters showed a moderately high conversion rate from the acid value determination. DSC analysis showed that the palmitic acid polyester (PAP) had a lower Tg than that of stearic acid polyester (SAP), where PA P had a Tg of 1.8 °C, while SAP had a Tg of 31.9 °C. TGA demonstrated that thermal decomposition of both polyesters took place via two-stage processes, which occurred above 200 °C. GPC analysis showed that PAP (1031 g/mol) had a higher Mn value than SAP (972 g/mol). MTT assays were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of these polyesters against human keratinocytes (HaCaT), mouse fibroblasts (3T3), mouse hepatocytes (H2.35), and canine kidney cells (MDCK) in both dose- and time-dependent manners, with SDS serving as the experimental benchmark. Comparative cytotoxicity test showed that both PA P and SAP were biocompatibility and non-cytotoxic with the cell viability well above 80%, except SAP demonstrated a moderately low cytotoxicity on fibroblasts with cell viability remaining as 50.4% following 72 h exposure at 100 μg/mL of concentration. These findings suggest that the natural-sourced palm fatty acid polyesters have high potential to be used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements with and without chlorhexidine

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S089-S093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Gulce Iz ◽  
Fahinur Ertugrul ◽  
Ece Eden ◽  
S. Ismet Deliloglu Gurhan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cements ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Diphenyl Tetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
L929 Mouse

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) as well as coated with varnish or not using in vitro cytotoxicity test. Materials and Methods: Biocompatibility of Fuji IX, Fuji IX with varnish, Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate and Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate with varnish was determined with in vitro cytotoxicity assay by using L929 mouse connective tissue fibroblasts. After 72 h, cell viabilities were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay to determine the effects of the cements on the mitochondrial function and microscopic images were taken by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. 72 h after treatment, there were statistically significant differences between Fuji IX and Fuji IX-CHX (p < 0.001). In addition, the reduction of the cytotoxicity by coating the GICs with varnish was indicative and increased the cell viability ratio (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Fuji IX coated with varnish was found to be the most biocompatible one among others. Thus adding CHX significantly reduced the cell viability, it is assumed that, due to the leakage of CHX and the other components of the GICs to the cell culture medium, the cell viabilities were decreased, so it is highly recommended to use varnish not only to reduce the water loss from the GICs, but also to reduce the cytotoxicity of the GICs.

Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Bindu K.N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fractional Factorial

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc. helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers. Methods: In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter. Results: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~ 10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) skin cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Ko ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Miho Tanaka ◽  
Tomoaki Okuda ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Human Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.

scholarly journals The Olive Leaves Extract Has Anti-Tumor Effects against Neuroblastoma through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Fabio Morandi ◽  
Veronica Bensa ◽  
Enzo Calarco ◽  
Fabio Pastorino ◽  
Patrizia Perri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of pediatric age. The prognosis for high-risk NB patients remains poor, and new treatment strategies are desirable. The olive leaf extract (OLE) is constituted by phenolic compounds, whose health beneficial effects were reported. Here, the anti-tumor effects of OLE were investigated in vitro on a panel of NB cell lines in terms of (i) reduction of cell viability; (ii) inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest; (iii) induction of apoptosis; and (iv) inhibition of cell migration. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments, by combining OLE with the chemotherapeutic topotecan, were also performed. OLE reduced the cell viability of NB cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in 2D and 3D models. NB cells exposed to OLE underwent inhibition of cell proliferation, which was characterized by an arrest of the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase and by the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0 phase, which is peculiar of apoptotic death. This was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase of Annexin V+ cells (peculiar of apoptosis) and upregulation of caspases 3 and 7 protein levels. Moreover, OLE inhibited the migration of NB cells. Finally, the anti-tumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic topotecan, in terms of cell viability reduction, was greatly enhanced by its combination with OLE. In conclusion, OLE has anti-tumor activity against NB by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration and by inducing apoptosis.

scholarly journals Synthesis and In Vitro Antitumor Activity of Novel Bivalent β-Carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives with DNA as a Potential Target

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongling Gu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jiangkun Dai ◽  
Yaxi Xi ◽  
Shijun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Dna Binding Affinity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Mcf 7

A series of novel bivalent β-carboline derivatives were designed and synthesized, and in vitro cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and DNA-binding affinity were evaluated. The cytotoxic results demonstrated that most bivalent β-carboline derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxicity than the corresponding monomer against the five selected tumor cell lines (A549, SGC-7901, Hela, SMMC-7721, and MCF-7), indicating that the dimerization at the C3 position could enhance the antitumor activity of β-carbolines. Among the derivatives tested, 4B, 6i, 4D, and 6u displayed considerable cytotoxicity against A549 cell line. Furthermore, 4B, 6i, 4D, and 6u induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and caused cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Moreover, the levels of cytochrome C in mitochondria, and the expressions of bcl-2 protein, decreased after treatment with β-carbolines, which indicated that 6i and 6u could induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the results of UV-visible spectral, thermal denaturation, and molecular docking studies revealed that 4B, 6i, 4D, and 6u could bind to DNA mainly by intercalation.

scholarly journals Multiresponsive Hybrid Microparticles for Stimuli-Responsive Delivery of Bioactive Compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Vlasov ◽  
Pavel S. Postnikov ◽  
Mikhail V. Belousov ◽  
Sergei V. Krivoshchekov ◽  
Mekhman S. Yusubov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ultrasonic Fields ◽  
Burst Intensity ◽  
Free Doxorubicin

Hybrid microparticles based on an iron core and an amphiphilic polymeric shell have been prepared to respond simultaneously to magnetic and ultrasonic fields and variation in the surrounding pH to trigger and modulate the delivery of doxorubicin. The microparticles have been developed in four steps: (i) synthesis of the iron core; (ii) surface modification of the core; (iii) conjugation with the amphiphilic poly(lactic acid)-grafted chitosan; and (iv) doxorubicin loading. The particles demonstrate spherical shape, a size in the range of 1–3 µm and surface charge that is tuneable by changing the pH of the environment. The microparticles demonstrate good stability in simulated physiological solutions and are able to hold up to 400 µg of doxorubicin per mg of dried particles. The response to ultrasound and the changes in the shell structure during exposure to different pH levels allows the control of the burst intensity and release rate of the payload. Additionally, the magnetic response of the iron core is preserved despite the polymer coat. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed on fibroblast NIH/3T3 demonstrate a reduction in the cell viability after administration of doxorubicin-loaded microparticles compared to the administration of free doxorubicin. The application of ultrasound causes a burst in the release of the doxorubicin from the carrier, causing a decrease in cell viability. The microparticles demonstrate in vitro cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility at concentrations of up to 50 and 60 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Immobilized Glucosamine/Chondroitin Sulfate on Polylactic Acid Films

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Karakurt ◽  
Kadir Ozaltin ◽  
Daniela Vesela ◽  
Marian Lehocky ◽  
Petr Humpolíček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Major Drawback

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most produced polymeric materials, due to its exceptional chemical and mechanical properties. Some of them, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, make them attractive for biomedical applications. Conversely, the major drawback of PLA in the biomedical field is their vulnerability to bacterial contamination. This study focuses on the immobilization of saccharides onto the PLA surface by a multistep approach, with the aim of providing antibacterial features and evaluting the synergistic effect of these saccharides. In this approach, after poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes attached non-covalently to the PLA surface via plasma post-irradiation grafting technique, immobilization of glucosamine (GlcN) and chondroitin sulfate (ChS) to the PAA brushes was carried out. To understand the changes in surface properties, such as chemical composition, surface topography and hydrophilicity, the untreated and treated PLA films were analyzed using various characterization techniques (contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). In vitro cytotoxicity assays were investigated by the methyl tetrazolium test. The antibacterial activity of the PLA samples was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strains. Plasma-treated films immobilized with ChS and GlcN, separately and in combination, demonstrated bactericidal effect against the both bacteria strains and also the results revealed that the combination has no synergistic effect on antibacterial action.

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