scholarly journals Effect of Somatic Cells on Milk Quality and Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delower Hossain ◽  
Shuvo Singha ◽  
Chelsea Marie Van Thof ◽  
Sanna Gough ◽  
AHM Musleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Milk Quality

Somatic cell count as a monitoring system for hygienicmilk production in India: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Jadhav ◽  
S. B. Tarate ◽  
M. Bhuvana ◽  
D. N. Das ◽  
B. R. Shome
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
The Developed Countries

The major alteration in the milk composition due to mastitis includes presence of somatic cells (neutrophills, monocytes, macrophages and mammary epithelial cells), bactericidal and bacteriostatic compounds and certain enzymes. Antibiotic residue violation and presence of foodborn pathogens with/without their toxins is another threat of immense importance. These changes in the milk account for the deterioration of the milk quality, risk of health hazards and also its acceptance in the international market. Of all these components, milk somatic cells are the single most widely used indicator of the udder health and mastitis. Somatic cell count (SCC) is used as a system for measurement of milk quality internationally. Strict legislation for monitoring the minimum SCC level is followed to ensure healthy milk in most of the developed countries. This paper introduces the concept of ‘Clean White Revolution’ and reviews the importance of SCC as a measure to ensure hygienic milk production in India. It also emphasizes upon a need to strengthen the existing legislations concerned.

scholarly journals Somatic Cells in Relation to Udder Health and Milk Quality-A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Ahmad Malik ◽  
Madhu Mohini ◽  
Shahid Hassan Mir ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Ganaie ◽  
Digvijay Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Udder Health

scholarly journals PROCESSING OF COW UDDERS WITH MODERN MEANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Геннадий Ларионов ◽  
Gennadiy Larionov ◽  
Николай Кириллов ◽  
Nikolay Kirillov
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
Processed Products

The public of our country makes ever-increasing demands on milk in terms of safety and nutritional values. In accordance with the requirements of the Interstate Standard GOST 31449-2013 “Raw milk of cow. Specifications” the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms should not exceed 1.0×105 CFU/cm3, the number of somatic cells - 4.0×105 in 1 cm3 in milk. The dairy industry places high demands on milk quality, namely, on bacterial contamination. Dairy products of high quality can only be obtained from good raw materials. High bacterial contamination worsens the quality of raw milk and its processed products and creates a certain risk factor for human health. In the Chuvash Republic, studies were carried out on the use of modern domestic iodine-containing preparations and lactic acid-based preparations for the treatment of the udder of cows. At the same time, the sanitary-hygienic condition of the udder’s nipples was improved, the microbiological seeding and the number of somatic cells decreased, and the grade of milk of cows was increased. When treatment the udder of cows before milking by Violet and after milking by Lactovit, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in milk decreased by 22.9 times, the number of somatic cells - by 2.0 times. When using Monklavit-1, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms decreased by 25.0 and the number of somatic cells decreased 2.5 times. It was found that the efficiency of Monclavit-1 using is higher 1.1 times according to the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms and 1.5 times according to the number of somatic cells, than treatment of the udder of cows by Violet and Lactovite. The use of modern udder treatment means allowed to improve milk quality from the second to the highest grade.

scholarly journals Effects of Inclusion of Schizochytrium spp. and Forage-to-Concentrate Ratios on Goats’ Milk Quality and Oxidative Status

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Kyriaki Sotirakoglou ◽  
Charalampos Kamilaris ◽  
Eleni Tsiplakou
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
High Forage

Although the dietary inclusion level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio affect milk quality, their interaction has not been broadly studied. To address such gaps and limitations a two-phase trial using twenty-two dairy goats was carried out. During the first phase, both groups (20 HF n = 11; high forage and 20 HG n = 11; high grain) were supplemented with 20 g Schizochytrium spp./goat/day. The 20 HF group consumed a diet with F:C ratio 60:40 and the 20 HG-diet consisted of F:C = 40:60. In the second phase, the supplementation level of Schizochytrium spp. was increased to 40 g/day/goat while the F:C ratio between the two groups were remained identical (40 HF n = 11; high forage and 40 HG n = 11; high grain). Neither the Schizochytrium spp. supplementation levels (20 vs. 40) nor the F:C ratio (60:40 vs. 40:60) affected milk performance. The high microalgae level (40 g) in combination with high grain diet (40 HG) modified the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the ω3/ω6 ratio in milk, to a beneficial manner according to human health recommendation guidelines. However, the highest inclusion level of Schizochytrium spp. (40 g) and foremost in combination with the high grain diets (40 HG) induced an oxidative response as observed by the increased protein carbonyls (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in milk and blood plasma indicating severe limitations for a long-term, on-farm application. In conclusion, the supplementation with 20 g Schizochytrium spp. and high forage diet (60:40) appears to be an ideal formula to enrich dairy products with essential biomolecules for human health without adversely affect milk oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Hubungan Polimorfisme Gen Laktoferin dengan Kualitas Susu pada Sapi Perah Friesian-Holstein

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Elmy Mariana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Lactoferrin Gene

Association of Lactoferrin Polymhorphism on Milk Yield and Milk Quality in Holstein-Friesian Dairy CowsABSTRACT. The purposes of this study were to identify the polymorphism of the lactoferrin gene and the association of genetic variants of the lactoferrin gene on milk quality in Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows. The study was conducted on 194 heads of HF lactating cows coming from semi intensive of small dairy farmers in two villages of the KPSBU Lembang, Lembang district. Investigation on variant genotypes of the lactoferrin gene used PCR-RFLP method. Genotyping of the lactoferrin gene with EcoRI restriction enzyme produced two genotypes, i.e. AA (65%) and AB (35%) genotypes. Both the AA and AB genotypes had inconsistency in controlling component of the milk quality. Further, the AB lactoferrin cows had a higher frequency in the classification of low somatic cells count (0.75), while the AA cows were at a higher frequency in the classification of high somatic cells count (0.60). It was concluded that there is no strong relationship between intron 6 lactoferrin gene with milk quality parameters. Further, the AB genotype of the lactoferrin gene had a consistency in producing lower somatic cells count compared to the AA genotype.

scholarly journals The raw milk quality from organic and conventional agriculture

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Čuboň ◽  
Vladimír Foltys ◽  
Peter Haščík ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Iveta Ubrežiová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Organic Milk ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Milk

In the experiment the parameters of milk quality from organic and conventional dairy farm were analyzed. The number of somatic cells was 219. 103 . ml−1 in the organic milk and 242. 103 . ml−1 in the conventional milk. It seems that conditions of organic farming could be able to have a positive effect of health of mammary gland. We found the highest number of somatic cells at the end of the year (336.103 . ml−1 in organic milk in December, respectively 336.103 . ml−1 in conventional milk in November). The total bacteria count was higher in organic milk (86.103 CFU . ml−1) than conventional (51.103 CFU . ml−1) likewise the number of coliform bacteria. Number of coliform bacteria was by conventional milk under 1000 CFU . ml−1 for all samples. The highest number of coliform bacteria in organic milk was achieved in February (1000 CFU . ml−1). We found higher content of fat (4.23 g . 100g−1) and protein (3.41 g . 100g−1) by organic milk in comparison with the conventional milk (4.11 g . 100g−1, resp. 3.39 g . 100g−1). The higher content of protein and fat in organic milk and the higher protein content in conventional milk were determined in December. The heat resistance was determined by 96 % ethanol required to coagulation of 2 ml of milk. The conventional milk has significantly lower heat resistance (1.38 ml) than the organic one (1.86 ml). Better heat stability by organic milk and higher content of Ca (144.29 mg . 100g−1) correspond with higher technological quality of organic milk.

Comparative study of milk somatic cells count (SCC) in cows, sheep and goats in summer and winter in Baghdad

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
A. S. Abood
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Milk Somatic Cells ◽  
The Difference

This study was included a collection of 90 milk samples from 30 cows ,30 ewe , and 30 does ,in mid-term of lactation period , 15 samples collected during summer and 15 samples duringwinter for each other . All samples were subjected to microscopical examination after staining with Newman Limbert stain , to check : The mean number of SCC in cows was ( 426.600 ) cells / ml through the summer , while the mean number of SCC in the winter ( 893.300) cells / ml . The number of SCC in sheep samples were estimated (287.300) cells / ml in summer, and (980.000 ) cells / ml in winter . while the goat were given mean( 533.300) cell / ml in summer and ( ( 933.300) cell / ml in winter . This study gives the difference in milk quality between season and species ( cow , sheep , and goat ) . Statistical analyses gives significant ( p < 0.05 ) between summer and winter in all species .

Risk factors associated with mastitis and raw milk quality in small farms of Texcoco, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadira Guadalupe Hernández Vázquez ◽  
J. G. Herrera-Haro ◽  
M. M. Crosby-Galván ◽  
M.E. Ortega-Cerrilla ◽  
Y. Bautista-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Factors Associated

Objective: to determine the nutritional and physicochemical quality, and the presenceof aflatoxins in raw milk, as well as risk factors for developing mastitis in 20 family farmsin the region of Texcoco, Mexico.Methods: MilkoSCan FT1 was used for nutritional and physicochemical analysis ofmilk. Somatic cells were quantified and the cow’s health status was tested usingSomaticell; furthermore, the presence of Aflatoxin M1 was determined using lateral flowimmunochromatography.Results: the milk evaluated in this study reported normal nutritional values according toNMX-F-700-COFOCALEC-2012, which guarantees its quality for human consumption.The pH ranged from 5.0 to 8.4, which indicates deficient temperature control in somefarms, leading to problems with acidity. The logistical analysis showed that adequateudder cleaning during milking is important to avoid it being a risk factor for an increasein somatic cells and degree of mastitis, although not the milking technique or teatsealing. The presence of aflatoxin AFM1 was not reported in raw milk.Study implications: the Somaticell® technique renders a qualitative and efficientdiagnosis of clinical mastitis. Conclusions: raw milk quality from this region guarantees consumers with a safe andapt product for human consumption or transformation into dairy byproducts.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE MILK QUALITY PARAMETERS IN THREE FARMS FROM SĂLAJ COUNTY

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Camelia Raducu ◽  
Vioara Miresan ◽  
Aurelia Coroian ◽  
Ciprian Pop ◽  
Cristian Ovidiu Coroian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dry Substance

Milk quality is influenced by many factors including rank lactation. This study aims to present the evolution of the main quality parameters of milk as the fat, protein, lactose, dry matter and the number of somatic cells for the first five lactations in Bălţată Românească breed during twelve official controls, starting in June 2015 until the month of April 2016. The biological material studied was represented by herds of dairy cows in three farms from Sălaj County (Crasna, Marin and Bodia villages). Analyzing qualitative parameters of milk obtained from the herd in lactation 1 during the 12 controls, there was a percent of 3.50% fat, 3.05% protein, 4.49% lactose and 8.48% dry substance in farm from Crasna. These parameters varied over the five lactations, the highest values being ranked in lactation five. Herd from Marin farm presented a fat content of 4.44% in lactation 2, while the lowest percentage of fat was recorded in lactation 3 (3.66%). Regarding the protein, the highest percentage was obtained in lactation 2 (3.70%) and the lowest in lactation 1 (3.39%). Lactation rank affects milk quality, so in lactation 1 there were recorded the lowest values of quality parameters of milk.

3-D examination of the cytoskeletal sheets of mammalian eggs

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 914-915
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Larabell ◽  
David G. Capco ◽  
G. Ian Gallicano ◽  
Robert W. McGaughey ◽  
Karsten Dierksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Cell Cytoplasm ◽  
Planar Structures ◽  
Cytoskeletal Network ◽  
Entire Cell ◽  
Cytoskeletal Networks ◽  
Mammalian Eggs

Mammalian eggs and embryos contain an elaborate cytoskeletal network of “sheets” which are distributed throughout the entire cell cytoplasm. Cytoskeletal sheets are long, planar structures unlike the cytoskeletal networks typical of somatic cells (actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments), which are filamentous. These sheets are not found in mammalian somatic cells nor are they found in nonmammalian eggs or embryos. Evidence that they are, indeed, cytoskeletal in nature is derived from studies demonstrating that 1) the sheets are retained in the detergent-resistant cytoskeleton fraction; 2) there are no associated membranes (determined by freeze-fracture); and 3) the sheets dissociate into filaments at the blastocyst stage of embryogenesis. Embedment-free sections of hamster eggs viewed at 60 kV show sheets running across the egg cytoplasm (Fig. 1). Although this approach provides excellent global views of the sheets and their reorganization during development, the mechanism of image formation for embedment-free sections does not permit evaluation of the sheets at high resolution.

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