Elements of Conceptual Thinking in Planning the Behavior of Autonomous Intelligent Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 411-419
Author(s):  
V. B. Melekhin ◽  
M. V. Khachumov
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Conceptual Thinking ◽  
A Priori Uncertainty ◽  
Mental Acts

The expediency of using the tools of visual-effective, visual-figurative and conceptual thinking for planning the purposeful activity of autonomous intelligent agents in problem environments of various degrees of a priori uncertainty has been substantiated. The content is revealed and the role of each form of thinking is shown in the process of automatic planning of the purposeful behavior of autonomous intelligent agents in the changing conditions of functioning. The special role of conceptual thinking in the performance of complex tasks by autonomous agents and the planning of polyphasic behavior associated with it is indicated. Taking into account the complexity of the problems associated with the formalization of mental acts of conceptual thinking, possible ways of its gradual development from the initial level to the transition to higher levels of development are shown, expanding on this basis the class of tasks solved by autonomous intelligent agents. A model of knowledge representation and tools for deriving solutions of the initial level of conceptual thinking have been developed, which allow intelligent agents to break down the tasks they receive into sub-goals of behavior. Then, on this basis, plan polyphase activity by searching for solutions to the associated subtasks, which ensure the determination of the minimum length routes of movement in a prob lematic environment with obstacles and the purposeful manipulation of objects in it. The tools are synthesized allowing to establish the order of elaboration of complex actions included in the structure of the task formulated by autonomous intelligent agents. It is shown that the further development of the proposed methodological foundations for constructing intelligent problem sol vers is associated with the formalization of a higher level of mental acts of conceptual thinking, which make it possible to solve practical problems of different complexity, formulated both in procedural and declarative form of presentation in the form of various target situations of the problem environment, having a large dimension.

scholarly journals Forms of thinking of autonomous intelligent agents: Features and problems of their organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
В.Б. Мелехин ◽  
М.В. Хачумов
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Conceptual Thinking ◽  
Representation Model ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Figurative Thinking ◽  
Thinking Tools ◽  
Functional Purpose

Обосновано, что по аналогии с живыми организмами, для решения в проблемной среде различных по сложности задач, автономных интеллектуальных агентов различного назначения целесообразно наделить тремя дополняющими друг друга следующими формами мышления: наглядно-действенного, наглядно-образного и понятийного мышления. Определено функциональное назначение каждого отмеченного выше вида мышления. В частности показано, что наглядно-действенное мышление позволяет автономным интеллектуальным агентам эффективным образом целенаправленно функционировать и изучать закономерности преобразования текущей ситуации априори неописанной проблемной среды. Инструментальные средства наглядно-образного мышления предназначены для вывода решений в процессе планирования поведения связанного с целенаправленным преобразованием текущей ситуации проблемной среды на основе заданной модели представления знаний и процедур вывода решений. Понятийное мышление служит для пополнения недостающих знаний в процессе планирования поведения в недоопределенных условиях функционирования и для решения сложных задач поведения, требующих смены ситуаций проблемной среды для достижения заданной цели. Обозначены основные подходы, особенности и проблемы связанные с организацией инструментальных средств вывода решений в процессе планирования поведения автономных интеллектуальных агентов на основе рассмотренных видов мышления. It is substantiated that, by analogy with living organisms, in order to solve in a problem environment of various complexity tasks of autonomous intelligent agents for various purposes, it is advisable to endow with three complementary forms of thinking: visual-effective, visual-figurative and conceptual thinking. The functional purpose of each type of thinking noted above has been determined. In particular, it is shown that visual-active thinking allows autonomous intellectual agents to function efficiently and purposefully and study the laws of transformation of the current situation of an a priori undescribed problem environment. Visual-figurative thinking tools are designed to output decisions in the process of planning behavior associated with a targeted transformation of the current situation of the problem environment based on a given knowledge representation model and decision inference procedures. Conceptual thinking serves to replenish the missing knowledge in the process of planning behavior in underdetermined conditions of functioning and to solve complex problems of behavior that require a change in situations of the problem environment to achieve a given goal. The main approaches, features and problems associated with the organization of tools for deriving solutions in the process of planning the behavior of autonomous intelligent agents based on the considered types of thinking are outlined.

scholarly journals Polyvariable conditionally dependent predicates in the knowledge representation model of autonomous mobile intelligent agents

2021 ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
В.Б. Мелехин ◽  
М.В. Хачумов
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Representation Model ◽  
Purposeful Behavior ◽  
Automatic Planning ◽  
Mental Acts ◽  
Further Development

Показано, что известные модели представления и обработки знаний не позволяют построить интеллектуальный решатель задач автономных мобильных интеллектуальных агентов, способных выполнять сложные задания в априори неописанных нестабильных условиях проблемной среды. Для решения данной актуальной проблемы в статье предлагаются типовые конструкции модели представления знаний безотносительно к конкретной предметной области, строящиеся на основе полипеременных условно-зависимых предикатов. Приведена структура данного вида предикатов и определены условия, при выполнении которых, в результате означивания входящих в них различного сорта переменных, получаются истинные высказывания, характеризующие необходимые условия для достижения стоящих подцелей и целей поведения в текущей ситуации нестабильной проблемной среды. Разработаны различные по назначению типовые элементы модели представления знаний автономных интеллектуальных агентов, позволяющие формировать на их основе различные по сложности программы целенаправленной деятельности связанные с выполнением сформулированного им задания. Отмечено, что дальнейшее развитие полученных в настоящей работе результатов связано с формализацией мыслительных актов и разработкой инструментальных средств обработки знаний для построения алгоритмов автоматического планирования целенаправленного поведения автономных мобильных интеллектуальных агентов в нестабильных недоопределенных условиях функционирования. It is shown that the known models of knowledge representation and processing do not allow constructing an intelligent problem solver for autonomous mobile intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks in a priori undescribed unstable conditions of a problematic environment. To solve this topical problem, the article proposes standard constructions of a knowledge representation model, without reference to a specific subject area, based on polyvariable conditionally dependent predicates. The structure of this type of predicates is given and the conditions are determined under which, as a result of the valuation of variables included in them, true statements are obtained that characterize the necessary conditions for achieving behavioral sub goals and goals in the current situation of an unstable problematic environment. The standard and different in purpose elements of knowledge representation model for autonomous intelligent agents have been developed, which make it possible to form programs of purposeful activity of different complexity associated with the implementation of the formulated task. It is noted that further development of the results obtained in this work is associated with the formalization of mental acts and the development of knowledge processing tools for constructing automatic planning algorithms of the purposeful behavior of autonomous mobile intelligent agents in unstable underdetermined conditions.

Collection of Ego-Centered Network Data with Computer-Assisted Interviews

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Gerich ◽  
Roland Lehner
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Full Network

Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.

Method for measuring distortions of a speech signal during its transmission over a communication channel to a biometric identification system

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. V. Savchenko ◽  
A. V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Speech Signal ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Identification System ◽  
New Information ◽  
Discrimination Criterion ◽  
A Priori Uncertainty

This paper is devoted to the presence of distortions in a speech signal transmitted over a communication channel to a biometric system during voice-based remote identification. We propose to preliminary correct the frequency spectrum of the received signal based on the pre-distortion principle. Taking into account a priori uncertainty, a new information indicator of speech signal distortions and a method for measuring it in conditions of small samples of observations are proposed. An example of fast practical implementation of the method based on a parametric spectral analysis algorithm is considered. Experimental results of our approach are provided for three different versions of communication channel. It is shown that the usage of the proposed method makes it possible to transform the initially distorted speech signal into compliance on the registered voice template by using acceptable information discrimination criterion. It is demonstrated that our approach may be used in existing biometric systems and technologies of speaker identification.

Development of Social and Economic Forecasting and Ideas of A. Anchishkin

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
A. Klepach ◽  
G. Kuranov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Planning ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Forecasting ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Long Term Forecasting ◽  
Working Out

The role of the prominent Soviet economist, academician A. Anchishkin (1933—1987), whose 80th birth anniversary we celebrate this year, in the development of ideas and formation of economic forecasting in the country at the time when the directive planning acted as a leading tool of economic management is explored in the article. Besides, Anchishkin’s special role is noted in developing a comprehensive program of scientific and technical progress, an information basis for working out long-term forecasts of the country’s development, moreover, his contribution to the creation of long-term forecasting methodology and improvement of the statistical basis for economic analysis and economic planning. The authors show that social and economic forecasting in the period after 1991, which has undertaken a number of functions of economic planning, has largely relied on further development of Anchishkin’s ideas, at the same time responding to new challenges for the Russian economy development during its entry into the world economic system.

Detection of Changes in the Random Signal Properties by Spectral Methods Under the Conditions of A Priori Uncertainty

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. A. Omel'chenko ◽  
V. V. Balabanov ◽  
B. M. Bezruk ◽  
Yu. N. Goloborod'ko
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Methods ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Random Signal ◽  
A Priori Uncertainty

METHODOLOGY OF PLAYING ACTIVITY IN REHABILITATION PRACTICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2543-2548
Author(s):  
Petya Kasnakova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Motor Movement

The games play a special role in rehabilitation practice. The positive emotions they cause in patients cannot be achieved by other methods and means of modern rehabilitation. The role of game playing activity in practice is crucial to the achievement of one of the important tasks in implementing rehabilitation measures, namely to evacuate the patient from the depressed mental state, to distract him from the disease process and to focus on mobilizing his healing powers. The mood, the emotional charge and the dynamics that the games create are particularly suited to awakening the patient's interest in the healing process, their attraction and their active involvement in the rehabilitation activities. The connection between the actions in the game and the movements in the analytical exercises accelerates the formation of motor habits, physical qualities and skills not only in children but also in adult patients with various pathological injuries. Rehabilitation games are suitable for all ages by enhancing the health of the occupants, developing their mental qualities, improving the activity of the vestibular, visual and motor analyzers. The basis of the motor movement training game methodology and the improvement of motor movement skills is the activation of the thought processes and emotional experiences, the development of the functions of the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.

РОЛЬ КНИГИ В ВОСПИТАНИИ ПОЛИКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Замира Сейткожоева
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Multicultural Personality ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Life Education ◽  
Different Cultures

Аннотация: В статье обращено внимание на исключительную роль книги в жизни человека, воспитание молодежи. Книга сопровождает человека всю жизнь. Однако в последние годы замечается снижение интереса к чтению книг. Отдается предпочтение компьютеру, играм, телевизору, слушанию музыки через наушники. Во избежание деградации личности, в воспитании грамотной, гуманной, толерантной личности необходимо приучать подрастающее поколение к вдумчивому чтению книг. Значительное место в развитии личности занимает внеклассное чтение, к которому нужно прививать интерес еще во время учебы в младшем возрасте. В мире особая роль принадлежит межличностным отношениям, формированию такой личности, которая могла бы жить в согласии с носителями разных культур. Для формирования поликультурной личности важная роль принадлежит культурному наследию, основу которого составляют книги. Ключевые слова: роль книги, гуманная личность, толерантная личность, библиографические материалы, указатели библиографических данных, справочная литература, поликультурная личность, внеклассное чтение, информатизация, интерес к чтению. Аннотация: Макалада адамдын жашоосундагы жаштарды тарбиялоодогу китептин өзгөчө мааниси, ролуна өзгөчө көңүл бурулган. Бир эле мезгилде, соңку жылдарда китептерибизге болгон адамдардын кызыгууларды төмөндөп бараткандыгы байкалган.Учурда поли- же ар кандай оюндарга, телевизор көрүүгө, кулакчын аркылуу модалуу музыка угууга, артыкчылык берилип жатат. Билимдүү, гумандуу толеранттуу инсанды тарбиялап чыгууга да, анын деградацияга кабылышынан сактап калыш үчүн, өсүп келе жаткан муундарды өзүнүн айкалыштыра алуусу менен китептерди берилип жана ой жүгүртүп алууга үйрөтүү- өтө зарыл талап болуп эсептелет. Инсандын онүгүндө окуудан тышкаркы окуунун маанилүү орду бар. Мындай окууга буга кызыгуусун өркүндөтүүнун башталгыч каласстардан тарта үйрөтүү абзел. Инсандар аралык байланыштар дүйнөдө өзгөчө орун ээлейт, алар башка маданий өкүлдөрү менен макулдуктулукта жашоого даяр. Полимаданиятту инсандын калыптанышына ар маданияттын мурасы өтө чоң ролду ойнойт, анын негизин китептер түзөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: китептин мааниси жана ролу, гумандуу инсан, толеранттуу инсан, библиографиялык материалдар, библиографиялык маалыматтарды көрсөтүү сурантыла билүү адабияты, полимаданиятуу инсан, окуудан тышкаркы окуу,маалымдуулук, окууга кызыгуу The article draws attention to the exceptional role of the book in human life, education of young people. The book accompanies a person all his life. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in interest in reading books. Preference is given to a computer, games, TV, listening to music through headphones. In order to avoid degradation of the personality, it is necessary to accustom the younger generation to thoughtful reading of books. a significant place in the development of personality takes extracurricular reading, to which you need to instill interest even while studying at a younger age. In the world a special role belongs to interpersonal relationship, the formation of such a personality, who could live in harmony with speakers of different cultures. To form a multicultural personality an important role belongs to cultural heritage, the basis of which are books Keywords: the role of the book, humane personality, tolerant personality, bibliographic materials, indexes of bibliographic data, reference literature, multicultural personality, extracurricular reading, informatization, interest in reading.

TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION OF THE MULTIPLE MODE OF THE FUNCTIONING AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONTROL IN RELIABILITY MODELS OF REPLACEMENT TIME SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Kononova
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
A Priori Uncertainty ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
Time Systems ◽  
Time Reserve

The article evaluates the reliability indicators of telecommunication system equipment, which can be represented by multi-mode objects of continuous and episodic use with a time reserve operating under conditions of a priori uncertainty. Particular attention is paid to consideration of the process of functioning of the system with a replenished time reserve. The telecommunication system includes an object represented by one structural element and used in different modes of operation. In each mode, the object can be used continuously or episodically (the object performs tasks that occur at random times), herewith only a certain part of its equipment is operating. The restoration of the facility's operation in each mode is based on the "quick" recovery scheme ("quick" recovery means that the repair time is much less than the average working time of the element between failures). Also, some cases of the transition of an object from one mode to another are considered, and the control system operates according to the method of sequential control of parameters. In this case, the system, after waiting mode, begins to analyze the first parameter of the monitored complex, then the second and so on. After analyzing the parameters, the system enters the waiting mode. These calculated ratios allow for a comprehensive assessment of the reliability of telecommunication equipment, taking into account the totality of the main factors that significantly affect the reliability of the equipment in real conditions of operation, make it possible to solve important practical problems which arise from the improvement of existing equipment and development of existing equipment.

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

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