scholarly journals Strategy and Steering in Governance: The Changing Fates of the Argentine Planning Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Alves Rolo ◽  
Kristof Van Assche ◽  
Martijn Duineveld
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Archival Work ◽  
Theoretical Apparatus

Based on a detailed study of the return of national-level planning in Argentina as embodied by COFEPLAN, the national planning council, we develop a conceptual framework to analyse the possibilities and limits of steering in governance. We lean on the theoretical apparatus of evolutionary governance theory and use the concepts of goal dependency, interdependency, path dependency and material dependency (effects in governance) to analyse the reality effects of strategy (effects of governance). Methodologically, our study relies on archival work and semi-structured interviews with planning scholars and public officials from different levels of government. We show that, although material and discursive reality effects were abundant in the evolution of Argentine planning policies, dependencies and discontinuities undermined both the central steering ambitions of the government and the innovative potential of the new planning schemes. The dramatic history of the Argentine planning system allows us to grasp the nature of dependencies in a new way. Shocks in general undermine long-term perspectives and higher-level planning, but they can also create windows of opportunity. The internal complexity and the persistence of Peronist ideology in Argentina can account for the revivals of national-level planning, in very different ideological contexts, but the recurring shocks, the stubborn difference between rhetoric and reality, the reliance on informality, created a landscape of fragmented governance and often weak institutional capacity. In that landscape, steering through national-level planning becomes a tall order.

The Mortality Rate of COVID-19 in Iraq Compare with Iran and Turkey, its Association with the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and the Iraqi Preparedness Plan Prior to Pandemics. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawand Essa
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Preparedness Plan ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

BACKGROUND In the span of COVID-19, the mortality rate has been different from one country to another. As a country in the Middle East Iraq has a critical position, lies between Iran and Turkey while both countries coronavirus cases increase on daily basis, while Iranian mortality rate record is high similar to Turkey. After Wuhan city of China, Lombard of Italy, Qum city in Iran has the highest number of COVID-19 as a first country in the Middle East. OBJECTIVE aim of this study is to show the effect of BCG vaccine during pandemic diseases, especially nowadays at the time of COVID-19. One of the crucial observations is the government preparedness and strategic planning prior pandemics, in which the BCG vaccine is an attenuated live vaccine for control of tuberculosis (TB). BCG vaccine has a non-specific immune effect that is used against pathogens like bacteria and viruses, through the promotion of pro-inflammatory cytokines' secretion. METHODS An epidemiological study has been performed, and it shows that some countries are more prone to contagious diseases like COVID-19, regardless of the main cultural, religious, societal similarities among the three mentioned countries. The information data has been collected from WHO reports and worldometer in 18 February 2020 to 10 May 2020. Regarding the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, relevant data has been retrieved from Google scholar, Pub-med and BCG world-atlas. RESULTS COVID-19 mortality rates are at peak in Iran and Turkey while the mortality rate is very low in Iraq, while the patients that died in Iraq all had history of other long-term diseases as heart disease, blood pressure, cancer etc. CONCLUSIONS From the experiences of the three countries in the life span of COVID-19, the historical plan of BCG vaccine in Iraq in cooperation with WHO since the last decades it shows that COVID-19 mortality rate is lower than other countries due to the early vaccination of the Iraqis, otherwise Iraq is more fragile than Iran and Turkey due to the poor conditions of Iraq in terms of economics, politics, war and other aspects.

scholarly journals Evaluating the integration of palliative care in national health systems: an indicator rating process with EAPC task force members to measure advanced palliative care development

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Arias-Casais ◽  
Eduardo Garralda ◽  
Miguel Antonio Sánchez-Cárdenas ◽  
John Y. Rhee ◽  
Carlos Centeno
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Task Force ◽  
National Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Rating Process

Abstract Background Palliative care (PC) development cannot only be assessed from a specialized provision perspective. Recently, PC integration into other health systems has been identified as a component of specialized development. Yet, there is a lack of indicators to assess PC integration for pediatrics, long-term care facilities, primary care, volunteering and cardiology. Aim To identify and design indicators capable of exploring national-level integration of PC into the areas mentioned above. Methods A process composed of a desk literature review, consultation and semi-structured interviews with EAPC task force members and a rating process was performed to create a list of indicators for the assessment of PC integration into pediatrics, long-term care facilities, primary care, cardiology, and volunteering. The new indicators were mapped onto the four domains of the WHO Public Health Strategy. Results The literature review identified experts with whom 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted. A total of 34 new indicators were identified for national-level monitoring of palliative care integration. Ten were for pediatrics, five for primary care, six for long-term care facilities, seven for volunteering, and six for cardiology. All indicators mapped onto the WHO domains of policy and education while only pediatrics had an indicator that mapped onto the domain of services. No indicators mapped onto the domain of use of medicines. Conclusion Meaningful contributions are being made in Europe towards the integration of PC into the explored fields. These efforts should be assessed in future regional mapping studies using indicators to deliver a more complete picture of PC development.

scholarly journals Rencana Pengembangan dan Kesiapan Sivitas Akademika UIN Raden Intan Lampung Menuju AUN-QA

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Deden Makbuloh ◽  
Sucipto Sucipto ◽  
Ruswanto Ruswanto
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Quality Improvement Process ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Meaning Analysis

Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University (UIN RIL) as a State Islamic Religious College in Indonesia needs to gradually carry out various efforts to improve the quality of continuing education. The long-term quality of UIN RIL does not only cover national level competition, but also internationally. This study aims to examine the quality improvement process that has had a development and readiness plan for AUN-QA for the Academic Community of UIN RIL. Data collected is qualitative data. In accordance with the research design in order to find an overview of the planned development of UIN RIL and its readiness towards AUN-QA. The data sources in this study were taken from strategic planning documents and the opinions of the academics. Techniques for collecting data through documentation studies, deep interview, and participant observation. Non-structured interviews, so that data sources actively construct the cognitive world, and researchers try to capture the realm of that meaning. Analysis of data is collected simultaneously while collecting data with the principle of verstehen. The results of the study concluded that since the form changed from IAIN to UIN RIL development plans were discussed which were discussed in several stages and involved various stakeholders directed to the campus as an international reference. This can be seen in the vision, mission and objectives of UIN RIL. Likewise in priority programs and target targets there are points towards international scale achievements. The academics have welcomed with joy the change in form of IAIN to UIN RIL. All have stated that this is an opportunity to further develop the campus to reach international competition. Thoughts and energy were mobilized to develop UIN RIL towards becoming superior and competitive.

scholarly journals HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY: AMBITIONS AND GOALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
V.S. Akimova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Atlasova ◽  
K.E. Ershova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The University

Japan is a developing country but is getting diffi cult to hold in leadership 21st century. The domestic lack of raw materials fosters the government to count on competitive power of science and the higher education system. Japanese system of higher education must become demanded in the world. The history of Hokkaido University, the oldest institution in the country and is being modernized at present, is reviewed. It is noted that various mid-term and long-term measures have been developed and implemented. The university partakes in diff erent activities to raise the university international rating.

STUDY FACTORS THAT TRIGGER A LACK OF TRUST IN HOTEL IN BANGKOK: RECOMMEND ACTION THAT CONTRIBUTE TO LONG TERM TRUSTING RELATIONSHIP BY THE DOMESTIC GUEST

2021 ◽  
Vol XIII (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Mayprapawee Varnakomola ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Thailand is hit hard by the impact of the on the COVID 19 situation, to cope with the international boycotts of flights and the lots in revenue from international tourists, the government has shift it attention to domestic tourists. However, the domestic tourism industry is not well prepared for the pandemic situation, lots of people don’t travel as locals fear to be sick and get the disease. So, this study contributes to adding knowledge and understanding of how hotels can best satisfy and meet the needs of domestic tourists in this new COVID 19 pandemic area. The Qualitative research method is used for the collection of data and in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with domestic tourists in Bangkok from November 10, 2020, to November 12, 2020, the interview was focus on domestic tourist personal experiences, opinion and preferences towards different issues related to the pandemic situation and new expectation towards hotel services. Constant Comparison Method is used for analyzing the data collected with ten domestic tourists at Khao San road, Thailand. Results reveal that the domestic tourists visiting Bangkok specific demands travel experience during covers-19 starting which leads to personalize demand to manage by the hotel in order to fulfill the need and provide fruitful experience including indoor activates and recreation events

Should We Worry about Partisan Electoral Interventions? The Nature, History, and Known Effects of Foreign Interference in Elections

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Dov H. Levin
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
History Of ◽  
Election Results

Ever since the exposure of the Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections for the Donald Trump campaign, there has been much discussion of its causes mixed with deep concerns about the possibility of future meddling of this kind by Russia. There has been far less discussion, however, about the wider phenomena this particular intervention is just one recent example of. This chapter provides an overview of what scholars have found so far about partisan electoral interventions. It first describes the main methods through which foreign powers are known to have tried to intervene in elections in other countries in order to determine their results, as well as the long history of such efforts, going back to the very start of competitive national-level executive elections. The chapter then briefly summarizes the current academic research on the effects of such interference on the target, from its immediate effects on the intervened election results to their medium- and long-term post-election effects on the targets welfare (such as the quality of its democracy). Both parts illustrate that concerns about such foreign interference are indeed quite justified—it is a common, multifaceted phenomenon that can, in many cases, cause serious harm to its unfortunate targets.​

The Marcona Settlement: New Forms of Negotiation and Compensation for Nationalized Property

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Gantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Third World ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Country ◽  
The Public ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

On September 22, 1976, the United States and the Government of Peru signed an agreement resolving the nationalization of the Marcona Mining Company’s Peruvian branch. The settlement, the intergovernmental negotiations leading up to it, and the expropriation itself are of more than passing interest. The settlement has been characterized by the U.S. Government as providing, when fully implemented, prompt, adequate, and effective compensation through a package—a combination of cash and long term sales relationship—which represents a relatively beneficial arrangement economically and politically for the Government of Peru. These arrangements were the more remarkable for having been concluded with a leading Third World country that has a long history of nationalization of foreign investment. In light of the frequency of expropriations of American-owned property abroad, and of the fact that in one or more ways such expropriations involve issues of the public interest as well as those of private U.S. companies, the Marcona settlement has implications for the handling of other investment disputes.

scholarly journals Global health diplomacy in Mexico: insights from key actors in the field

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
German Guerra ◽  
Emanuel Orozco ◽  
Paulina Jiménez ◽  
Arne Ruckert ◽  
Ronald Labonté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Health Diplomacy ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Health Diplomacy ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Global health diplomacy (GHD) focuses on the actions taken by diverse stakeholders from different nations –governments, multilateral agents, and civil society– to phenomena that can affect population health and its determinants beyond national borders. Although the literature on conceptual advancements of GHD exists, empirical studies about how health becomes an issue of relevance for foreign policy are scarce. We present an analysis of the entry processes of health into the foreign policy and diplomatic domains in Mexico from the perspective of key informants of three different sectors. Methods A purposive sample of high-rank representatives of three sectors involved in GHD was designed: Two from Health Sector (HS), four from Foreign Affairs Sector (FAS), and three from Non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted exploring the topics of: (1) Health concerns entering diplomatic and foreign policy; (2) Processes that allow actors to influence foreign policy and negotiation and; (3) Impact of multilateral negotiations on decision-making at the national level. Results Our analysis suggests that GHD in Mexico is hierarchically driven by the FAS and health concerns only enter foreign policy when they are relevant to national priorities (such as trade or security). HS possesses a lesser degree of influence in GHD, serving as an instance of consultation for the FAS when deciding on health-related issues at global meetings (i.e., World Health Assembly). NGOs resort to lobbying, advocacy, networking, and coalition-working practices with other sectors (academy, think-tanks) to prevent harmful impacts on local health from multilateral decisions and as a mean to compensate its power asymmetry for influencing GHD processes in relation to the government. Conclusions GHD in Mexico occurs in a context of asymmetric power relationships where government actors have the strongest influence. However, NGOs’ experience in raising awareness of health risks needs to be weighted by government decision-makers. This situation calls for capacity building on intersectoral communication and coordination to create formal mechanisms of GHD practices, including the professionalization and training on GHD among government agencies.

scholarly journals Have  we  Dropped  a  Stitch?  Collecting  Born  Digital  Documentary  Heritage  in  New  Zealand  Cultural  Heritage  Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Julia Mary Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Digital Heritage ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Selection Factors

<p>This study explored the factors affecting the nature and extent of the collection of   born digital materials for long-term retention by collecting repositories in New Zealand cultural  heritage institutions, below the national level. This included exploration of selection factors,  limiting and enabling factors affecting activities, preservation and acquisition policies for born  digital materials, preservation procedures, and perceptions of roles and responsibilities. This two  phase, mixed methods study consisted of a broad web survey followed by semi-structured  interviews. The collecting repositories studied hold a range of born digital materials, but in  small quantities. The collection of born digital heritage seems to be a new activity that requires  additional resourcing and skills that are lacking in many of these collecting repositories. Levels  of policy development are low and there is generally a lack of procedures for preserving born  digital materials. However respondents generally perceived that collecting and preserving born  digital materials was part of their role. The study concludes that the  traditionally passive approach to acquisition of many of the collecting archives   studied, combined with a lack of resourcing and expertise, pose a threat to the long term  accessibility of local and regional born digital heritage. Some recommendations for action are  provided.</p>

Planning history, planning reform and politics and ideology

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Tim Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

A brief survey of the history of planning shows how both the early days of planning, based in health and housing concerns, and the formation of the planning system in the early twentieth century were entwined in ideological struggles over the role of the state and the attitudes to property. The operation of that system has been equally saturated with ideological pressures. A brief study follows of the 2010-2015 UK government, as a case example of approaches to analysing political and ideological influences on the making and implementing of planning policy. It is shown that this government’s attitude to planning was dominated by its ideological agenda of cutting back the state, with a sub-agenda of a form of localism. The importance of pressure politics and electoral politics is also illustrated, at times not in full synchrony with the wider ideological drives of the government.

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