scholarly journals VARIABLE RHYTHMS IN GROUNDWATER REGIME AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH CLIMATE FACTORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
O. Shevchenko ◽  
A. Skorbun ◽  
V. Osadchiy ◽  
D. Charny
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Multiple Correlation Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Regime ◽  
Long Term Prediction ◽  
The Impact

Due to the anomalous changes in the groundwater regime over the past 5 years, the question arose about the adequacy and effectiveness of existing methods for predicting their level. The data of monitoring observations from 1951 in the upper part of the Southern Bug river basin are analyzed. The specific underground runoff to the river in the site of Khmilnyk was calculated by the finite difference method. It is established that at the end of the 80s of the last century a 7-8 year cycle began to appear in the fluctuations of the groundwater level (GWT) and groundwater runoff. It correlates well with the cyclicity of the air temperature, and, to a lesser extent, with the cycles of the monthly amount of precipitation. Instead, such rhythms are not at all typical of solar activity, which is characterized by 11-year and 5-6-year cycles. It is in connection with them that the heliosynoptic method of long-term prediction of RGV is based. It is likely that temperature changes occurring on Earth may change the "sun-induced" cyclicity of GWT, so this method of forecasting becomes ineffective. As there is no clear link between temperature changes and solar activity, it is possible that temperature changes are caused by human activity.From 2013-2015, with the beginning of the low water cycle in the study area, the anomalous minima in the GWT mode became more frequent and the cycles were transformed in the direction of their reduction (up to 5-6 years), which may indicate sharp changes in the nature of groundwater storage recovery. Deviations from 8-year cycles and differences in their duration in different parts of the same catchment area are primarily related to differences of GWT. Wavelet analysis was used as the main method of cyclic selection. Using multiple correlation analysis, it was found that in recent decades the temperature has reached a dominant position in terms of the impact on the groundwater regime (at their levels from 1.5 to 4.0 m). As a result, it was noted that our 7-8 year cycles are well traced during the relatively multi-water period caused by increased infiltration of groundwater due to increasing winter thaws (one of the most significant manifestations of global warming), and 5-6 year cycles correspond to low water periods.

DOES HARMFUL CLIMATE INCREASE OR DECREASE MIGRATION? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950013
Author(s):  
CRISTINA CATTANEO ◽  
EMANUELE MASSETTI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migrant Households ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes whether migration is an adaptation strategy that households employ to cope with climate in Nigeria. We estimate our model using the cross-sectional variation in climate and long-term migration decisions because we are interested in the average response to long-term climatic conditions. For households that operate farms, we find that the relationship between climate and migration is nonlinear. In particular, climates closer to ideal farming conditions are associated with a higher propensity to migrate, whereas in the least favorable climatic conditions, the propensity to migrate declines. The marginal effect of rainfall and temperature changes on migration varies by season. We estimate the impact of climate change on the number of migrant households in 2031–2060 and 2071–2100, ceteris paribus. With current population levels, climate change generates between 3.6 and 6.3 million additional migrants, most of them being internal. However, these estimates are not statistically significant.

The Drugs and Natural Antioxidants as the Components of Anti-radiation Countermeasures during Cosmic Flights

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Ушаков ◽  
I. Ushakov ◽  
М. Васин ◽  
M. Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Radiation situation for cosmonauts over long-term cosmic flights is caused by low-rate radiation of galactic cosmic rays and solar cosmic rays consisting of high-energy proton as well as heavy particles (Z>10) within 1-2 % that is exclusively a threat of stochastic radiation effects (small increase of cancer risk and decrease of mean life span) for men. During interplanetary expedition periods the small probability of raised solar activity there is a threat of exposure to astronauts at doses that cause deterministic radiation effects leading to the development of the disease as a clinical manifestation of radiation injuries,. In a similar scenario it is necessary to have available to cosmic ship anti-radiation countermeasures for cosmonaut protection. Among radioprotective equipment can be provided with radiation protective agents and partial shielding of body separate section providing the best condition for post-radiation repair of radiosensitive body tissues. Preparation B-190 (indralin) is the most perspective from a small numbers of other radioprotectors permitting for men administration. Besides high radioprotective efficacy and large broadness of protective action B-190 is well tolerated including the impact of extrem flight factors. Antiemetic agent latran (ondansetron) is most interesting among preparation for prophylaxis and reduction of prodromal radiation reaction. To accelerate post-radiation hematopoietic recovery after raised solar activity an administration of radiomitigators (riboxin et al.) is substantiated. Neupomax (neupogen) is recommended as a preparation for pathogenesis therapy of acute radiation syndrome. Possible consequences of long-term cosmic voyages for oxidative stress development are taken into consideration. On their basis of nNatural antioxidants, preparations and nutrients radiomodulators, fully qualitative nutrition including vegetable food enriched flavonoids, vitamins C, E and carotene potentially prevent a shorten of cosmonaut biological age induced by solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays and stress factors of long-term cosmic voyages. Radiomodulators are low and non-toxic and have not side effects in recommended doses. Their radioprotective effect is directly induced by adaption reaction on cellular and organismic levels through gene expression modulation and in that way the increase of non-specific body tolerance. The implementation of radiomodulator action is possible through hormesis mechanism.

Long-term prediction of solar activity

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Xu Zhen-tao ◽  
Zhao Ai-di ◽  
Xue Yi-sheng ◽  
Mei Yan-lin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Long Term Prediction

scholarly journals Long-term study of the impact of temperature changes, material aging and service load on the strains of a reinforced concrete structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Adam Kanciruk
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Service Load ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses five year long measurements of strains of a concrete floor of a hangar. That hangar, originally meant for servicing light military aircraft, was rebuilt with a view to making it fit for servicing larger and heavier passenger planes. As part of that redevelopment, a new floor - reinforced concrete slab, capable of withstanding the weight of the planes - was constructed. In the areas of the floor where the greatest loads occur, ie. in the areas of the concrete slab on which the wheels of the three undercarriage legs rest, three strain rosettes were installed so that the slab strains could be measured. The rosettes were connected to two meters - dataloggers. The latter were programmed in such a way as to register the measured strains and additionally temperatures many times during every 24 hours. The monitoring process, conducted in such an automatic way, demonstrated the occurrence of strains resulting from service load, aging of the reinforced concrete, as well as changes in its temperature.

Coal ash as structural fill, with special reference to Ontario experience

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Toth ◽  
H. T. Chan ◽  
C. B. Cragg
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Corrosion Studies ◽  
Groundwater Regime ◽  
The Impact

Fly ash and bottom ash obtained from coal-fired electric power generating stations can be used as alternatives to natural materials for the construction of structural fills. The engineering properties of coal ash pertinent to its use in structural fills are discussed. Four case studies of coal ash structural fills are presented. The performance of these fills was monitored during and after construction. These cases demonstrate that the physical behavior of fly ash is similar to that of silt and that it can be handled with similar methods. Groundwater monitoring data from existing fly ash fills are presented to show the impact that ash leachate migrating into the groundwater regime has on water quality. Results of long-term corrosion studies are presented to show that metals buried in ash, used in such structures as culverts, cable ducts, guard rails and streetlights, are not adversely affected. Ash leachate was found not to be detrimental to good-quality concrete structures. Key words: fly ash, fill, compaction, leachate, corrosion, concrete.

scholarly journals Solar rotational cycle in lightning activity in Japan during the 18–19th centuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Miyahara ◽  
Ryuho Kataoka ◽  
Takehiko Mikami ◽  
Masumi Zaiki ◽  
Junpei Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Rotational Period ◽  
Solar Activity Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Thunderstorm and cloud activities sometimes show a 27-day period, and this has long been studied to uncover a possible important link to solar rotation. Because the 27-day variations in the solar forcing parameters such as solar ultraviolet and galactic cosmic rays become more prominent when the solar activity is high, it is expected that the signal of the 27-day period in meteorological phenomena may wax and wane according to the changes in the solar activity level. In this study, we examine in detail the intensity variations in the signal of the 27-day solar rotational period in thunder and lightning activity from the 18th to the 19th centuries based on 150-year-long records found in old diaries kept in Japan and discuss their relation with the solar activity levels. Such long records enable us to examine the signals of solar rotation at both high and low solar activity levels. We found that the signal of the solar rotational period in the thunder and lightning activity increases as the solar activity increases. In this study, we also discuss the possibility of the impact of the long-term climatological conditions on the signals of the 27-day period in thunder/lightning activities. Keywords. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (lightning)

The Scientific Basis for Long-Term Prediction of Waste-Form Performance Under Repository Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Long Term Prediction ◽  
The Impact

The reason for making long-term predictions of waste-form performance under repository conditions is to assess the impact of nuclear waste disposal upon the safety of future generations. Assessment of repository safety can be approached in two ways. One method is to define an acceptable release of radioactivity to the accessible environment, and to work back from that point to determine what kind of performance requirements are placed on the waste form. When this is done, it is found that the performance requirements for the waste form are not very restrictive. The waste form can dissolve completely in 100 to 10,000 years without affecting safety [1,2], because the repositories will be 300 meters or more underground. Radionuclide retardation on repository rocks and overburden and dilution during the long flow paths to the accessible environment become the controlling parameters.

scholarly journals Bitcoin Cost Prediction using Deep Neural Network Technique

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Prediction ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Price Prediction ◽  
Crypto Currency ◽  
Long Term Prediction ◽  
The Impact

The accusative of this paper is to predict the bitcoin price accurately by taking various parameters into consideration which affects the bitcoin value. Here multi-layer perceptron algorithms under deep learning are used to predict the price of crypto-currency. Many researchers have analysed the crypto-currency features in many ways such as, market price prediction, the impact of cryptocurrency in real life. It has the ability to make long-term prediction of the exchange price in crypto-currencies particularly in US dollar, based on historical trends. The bitcoin cost prediction is done based on the data set which consists of 13 features relating to the crypto-currency price recorded daily over the period of particular range.

scholarly journals Solar activity affects avian timing of reproduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel E. Visser ◽  
Juan José Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Laying Date ◽  
Cyanistes Caeruleus ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Avian timing of reproduction is strongly affected by ambient temperature. Here we show that there is an additional effect of sunspots on laying date, from five long-term population studies of great and blue tits ( Parus major and Cyanistes caeruleus ), demonstrating for the first time that solar activity not only has an effect on population numbers but that it also affects the timing of animal behaviour. This effect is statistically independent of ambient temperature. In years with few sunspots, birds initiate laying late while they are often early in years with many sunspots. The sunspot effect may be owing to a crucial difference between the method of temperature measurements by meteorological stations (in the shade) and the temperatures experienced by the birds. A better understanding of the impact of all the thermal components of weather on the phenology of ecosystems is essential when predicting their responses to climate change.

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