scholarly journals POLAND'S ENERGY SECURITY IN THE PROCESS OF ENERGY TRANSFORMATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
M. Koczan
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
High Share ◽  
Practical Dimension

The issue of energy security has been present in the literature for several decades. Scientific studies focus mainly on the theoretical aspect of this concept. Many of them also describe and analyse the practical dimension of energy security, such as: international trade in raw materials, safety of transport of raw materials, energy production and transmission systems. For over a dozen years, the awareness of climate change, its causes and effects has been growing. Countries and international organizations are taking action to reduce greenhouse gases. The European Union is one of the world leaders in this process. Poland as a member state is obliged to implement the adopted energy and climate commitments. The electro-energy sector in Poland is based on the combustion of fossil fuels. Reducing a high share of coal in the energy mix is a long and very costly process. The speed and efficiency of this transformation affects the level of energy security in Poland.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BIODIESEL TERHADAP KINERJA MESIN DAN EMISI GAS BUANG

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Martin Djamin ◽  
Soni S.Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Promising Solution

Renewable energy sources make a distinction as a promising solution towardssustainable and environmentally friendly energy production. Developing biodiesel isvery important for Indonesia due to various reasons including the abundanceavailability of the raw materials; an alternative renewable fuel to strengthen thecountry energy security and it is a solution to improve local air quality in severalIndonesian major cities. Biodiesel offers a realistic short-term alternative tosubstitute fossil fuels, and it will also be a necessary addition to the emissionfree technology for the future. This paper is intended to provide assessment andinvestigation of the use of different composition of biodiesel and its impact to theenvironment.Key words: Energy security, renewable energy, Biodiesel.

scholarly journals Changes in the energy production to reduce the environmental impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Gábor Hornyák ◽  
Péter Bencs
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Climate Neutrality

One of the most debated topics of our time is climate change. For this reason, the European Union and the countries of the world are taking several steps to reduce and reverse the effect. When we talk about climate change or sustainable development, it is very important to also talk about the energy sector. The European Union aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, which will require significant changes in our lives, it will be a major challenge for mankind. In 2019, fossil fuels accounted for 80% of the world’s energy production. The production of energy from fossil fuels has several negative effects aside from climate change. When fossil fuels are burned, gases and particles harmful to human health are released into the air and some of the fossil fuels are raw materials to produce plastics, for example. If we use it for energy production, we waste our raw materials. What are the options for reducing the environmental impact? How can coal-based energy production be replaced? What are other ways to reduce the environmental impact? These topics are discussed in the article.

The EU's Policies of Security of Energy Supply Towards the Middle East and Caspian Region: Major Power Politics?

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 485-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femke Hoogeveen ◽  
Wilbur Perlot
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Eu

AbstractVast reserves of fossil fuels make the Greater Middle East (GME) region the centre of attention in terms of security of supply considerations of all major energy-consuming countries, most notably of the United States (US), China, India, and of the European Union (EU). Although energy security is on the EU's agenda, the supranational nature of the EU inhibits it to pursue an external energy security policy in the same way as other consuming countries. Its power, mandate, and in many ways preparedness to execute a common foreign policy towards the GME, let alone as specific as a common foreign energy strategy, are limited. This article seeks to answer the questions of what role the EU wants to play in the GME region in relation to objectives of energy security, what role it can play in this respect, and whether the EU's Middle East politics can be regarded as major power politics.

scholarly journals Endangered elements, critical raw materials and conflict minerals

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Conflict Minerals ◽  
Earth Abundant

Amid present concerns over a potential scarcity of critical elements and raw materials that are essential for modern technology, including those for low-carbon energy production, a survey of the present situation, and how it may unfold both in the immediate and the longer term, appears warranted. For elements such as indium, current recycling rates are woefully low, and although a far more effective recycling programme is necessary for most materials, it is likely that a full-scale inauguration of a global renewable energy system will require substitution of many scarcer elements by more Earth-abundant material alternatives. Currently, however, it is fossil fuels that are needed to process them, and many putative Earth-abundant material technologies are insufficiently close to the level of commercial viability required to begin to supplant their fossil fuel equivalents “necessarily rapidly and at scale”. As part of a significant expansion of renewable energy production, it will be necessary to recycle elements from wind turbines and solar panels (especially thin-film cells). The interconnected nature of particular materials, for example, cadmium, gallium, germanium, indium and tellurium, all mainly being recovered from the production of zinc, aluminium and copper, and helium from natural gas, means that the availability of such ‘hitchhiker’ elements is a function of the reserve size and production rate of the primary (or ‘attractor’) material. Even for those elements that are relatively abundant on Earth, limitations in their production rates/supply may well be experienced on a timescale of decades, and so a more efficient (reduced) use of them, coupled with effective collection and recycling strategies, should be embarked upon urgently.

scholarly journals Significance of energy efficiency for energy security

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
L. Jovanović ◽  
V. Radović ◽  
M. Lukinović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
Gas Supply

Energy security of the European Union is one of the most important parameters that determine the present and the future on the world's geopolitical scene. EU countries are characterized by: insufficient fossil fuels from their own sources, continuous increase in consumption and strict environmental regulations (which limit the use of coal and oil). From all of the above, it follows that the long-term energy security of the European Union can be ensured by increase of gas supply capacity and diversification of sources of supply. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the situation and perspective of optimizing energy efficiency in the countries of the European Union through the application of resource of energy saving and new and innovative technologies of renewable resources.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Barriers to the Development of Poland in the Field of Renewable Energy Sources as Compared to the European Union

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Muszyński ◽  
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Almost All

Today, almost all of civilisation is based on energy. To a large extent, energy is being continuously acquired from non-renewable raw materials deposited in the Earth’s crust. Renewable sources provide alternative, infinite energy resources, particularly solar radiation, wind power and water movement. The Paris Agreement envisages the complete abandonment of fossil fuels by the year 2050 for all EU Member States. From a technical point of view, a complete transition to renewable energy sources (RES) is very difficult to achieve. In the case of Poland, the way to 100% RES is longer and more complex than in most EU countries. The main purpose of the conducted analysis was to thoroughly assess the possibilities for obtaining energy from inexhaustible sources as well as the benefits of various procedures in order to develop an optimal set of solutions. The aim of the presented study is to indicate the possibilities for the development of construction investments in the field of renewable energy sources that have an inseparable impact on spatial management. To achieve this aim, the method of research of the available literature and legislation was applied.

scholarly journals ENERGY SECURITY OF CHINA, INDIA, THE E.U. AND THE U.S. UNDER LONG-TERM SCENARIOS: RESULTS FROM SIX IAMs

2013 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 1340011 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESSICA JEWELL ◽  
ALEH CHERP ◽  
VADIM VINICHENKO ◽  
NICO BAUER ◽  
TOM KOBER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Energy Trade ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Energy Options ◽  
The U.S

This paper assesses energy security in three long-term energy scenarios (business as usual development, a projection of Copenhagen commitments, and a 450 ppm stabilization scenario) as modeled in six integrated assessment models: GCAM, IMAGE, MESSAGE, ReMIND, TIAM-ECN and WITCH. We systematically evaluate long-term vulnerabilities of vital energy systems of four major economies: China, the European Union (E.U.), India and the U.S., as expressed by several characteristics of energy trade, resource extraction, and diversity of energy options. Our results show that climate policies are likely to lead to significantly lower global energy trade and reduce energy imports of major economies, decrease the rate of resource depletion, and increase the diversity of energy options. China, India and the E.U. would derive particularly strong benefits from climate policies, whereas the U.S. may forego some opportunities to export fossil fuels in the second half of the century.

scholarly journals The Energy from Renewable Sources in the European Union: Achieving the Goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Petrica Angheluta ◽  
Sorin Burlacu ◽  
Amelia Diaconu ◽  
Cristina Stefania Curea
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Life On Earth

The existence and continuity of life on Earth is based on the existence of an ecological balance. Under the influence of pollution, the quality of the natural environment gradually degrades. Thus, pressures are exerted on the environment, including from energy production and consumption activities. The different phenomena of pollution, associated with the destruction of the environment, have made the sources of energy production diversified. Sustainable development can be achieved through the use of technologies that protect the environment. Within the electricity sector, energy from renewable sources has grown significantly in recent years. Energy production from Renewable energy reduces the use of fossil fuels, but also influences the process of reducing greenhouse gases. The article starts from the analysis of the current situation of renewable sources in the member countries of the European Union. With support of the comparative analysis of existing data at European level, the stage of achieving the European Union's objectives on renewable energy is presented. Also, comparative analyses of data on the share of renewable energy in final energy consumption are presented. Lack of emissions of pollutants, and the fact that they are inexhaustible, make, on the whole of electricity production, the share of renewable sources increases. Keyword: Renewable energy, European Union, electricity production

scholarly journals European energy security dilemma: major challenges and confrontation strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbassoussy
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
Military Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated theoretical framework for energy security concept and to shed light on the policies and strategies applied by the European Union countries to confront the challenges that faces them. Design/methodology/approach The research paper uses Regional Security complexes theory, which mainly developed in Copenhagen school for security studies, that founded by Barry Buzan. This school tried to clarify the untraditional security aspects, through expanding its scope by adding new dimensions than military perspective. Findings Despite the consolidated efforts exerted by the European Union to assure safe levels of energy security, and their continuous pursuit to be liberated from Russian energy over dependence, but the results are still limited. Originality/value The value of this research paper stems from the fact that it encompass the theoretical aspect by shedding light on all the developments occurred to energy security concept, in addition to the Empirical side, by analyzing various European energy security challenges and their confrontation strategies.

scholarly journals Biofuels from wastes in the Marmara Region, Turkey: Potentials and constraints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Ocak ◽  
Sevil Acar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Turkey as an energy importing country, is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which causes an increase in environmental problems and raises concerns on energy security. However, biowastes offer a significant potential, especially in the Marmara Region of the country. In this study, the waste potential of the region for energy production is analyzed. Within this context, agricultural and livestock wastes are examined in terms of their amounts, theoretical energy potentials and costs to generate electricity. To evaluate economic costs, collection and feedstock costs for animal and agricultural wastes are handled in three different scenarios based on FAO’s assessment. Given the results for wastes and energy potentials, it has been deduced that biowastes can theoretically meet more than half of the electricity consumption of the region. The results of the cost analysis demonstrate that both direct combustion of agricultural wastes and conversion of animal wastes to biogas in CHP plants to produce electricity are economical according to several scenario options considering the LCOE and feed-in-tariff values.

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