scholarly journals Taxonomy of imperative in religious discourse

2018 ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Maryna Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Semantic Significance

The article is devoted to religious discourse, which is the most specific and complex manifestation of communication units, in which linguistic laws operate according to semantic significance and pragmatically reflect unconventional correlations between morphological and syntactic grammatical categories; critical evaluation of linguopragmatic discursive theoretical studies was carried out; the questions of the modal correlation of reality and assertion in linguistics are covered; imperative as a grammatical category of the verb hasn’t only a predicative character, but also a modal which in religious discourse is represented by an opposite vector of functioning, in comparison with the classical modal split according to the types of relation to reality and modal values ​​through the prism of the category of “speaker's sight”; it is emphasized that the pragmatism of the referencing mechanism in combination with the logical-philosophical approach to understanding the imperative shades of modality are the main means of their functional-semantic analysis and definition in religious discourse; it’s noted that in religious discourse modality is based on the own plot structure of the institution, which is expressed through the pragmatic goal and it’s imperative realization, which ideally creates God and passes through the preacher to the addressee; modal shades of the ordering method in the religious environment are defined; imperative modal shades are differentiated according to the logical and intuitive perception of the religious texts of the researcher due to the force of evading the desired action by the addressee; the religious taxonomy of the imperative based on the principle of physical dispersion of light on the 7 basic spectra is created (order, prohibition, prompt, request, exhort, caveat, prevent, advice, wishes), the combination of which is formed by the strongest core imperative – an order (the least desirable for the fulfillment of the imperative action in greetings , and the biggest one - in prohibition); the absence of the notion of “order” in religious discourse is substantiated; peripheral imperative spectra provided a conceptual essence.

scholarly journals Suggestion as a Method of Linguistic Manipulation in Religious Discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1086-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Grishenkova ◽  
E. V. Variyasova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Legal Punishment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
The Mind

The research featured suggestive potential of religious discourse. The authors interpret suggestion as an effective tool that allows its users to plant an idea or attitude into the mind of the recipient, the latter being unaware of the object of suggestion. The paper focuses on the problem of interaction between rational and emotional-subjective sides of communication. Suggestion is defined as a way of linguistic manipulation based on the sensory-associative sides of consciousness. The authors study the means and methods of linguistic manipulation of personal attitudes using religious texts as specific examples. The suggestion makes the recipient adopt and include new information in the existing system of views, thus leading to a certain transformation of the worldview, which changes the motivational basis of behavior and may trigger hostile intentions and extremist actions. Suggestive techniques make it possible to avoid legal punishment by disguising facts that can be used to prove the presence of conflict-generating elements in the discourse. Such texts are used to create a certain emotional state, thus facilitating motivation, further contacts, and formation of opinion.

scholarly journals SENTIMENT(ALITY) AS A MEANS OF PERSUASION: ON THE THIN ICE OF MANIPULATION IN PROTESTANT SERMONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Martin Adam
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Linguistic Means

Religious discourse represents an area of human communication in which persuasion plays a vital role; religious texts seem to be essentially related to the ultimate objective of religion: to create, mediate and legitimise ideology in order to persuade the reader of the veracity of the religious doctrine (Fairclough 1989, Cotterell & Turner 1989: 26-33, van Dijk 1998: 317). The paper seeks to investigate the persuasive strategies and linguistic means employed to convey persuasion in English Protestant sermons. The analysis focuses on the rhetorical role of pathos, which is purposefully evoked by the preacher via wilful employment of aff ect and emotions. Attention will also be paid to the blurred borderline between the intentional use of sentiment and sentimentality, and manipulation.

scholarly journals Counting the Letters of the Alphabet. A Reading of Plutarch, Quaestiones convivales 9.3

Ploutarchos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Geert Roskam
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Detailed Interpretation

The last book of Plutarch’s Quaestiones convivales contains several discussions of literary and grammatical topics. The present article focuses on Quaest. conv. 9.3, which deals with the number of the letters in the alphabet. This question is raised by ‘Plutarch’ to Hermeias the geometer. It is first argued that this qualifies as an excellent sympotic question (according to Plutarch’s own standards). Then, attention is given to the solution proposed by ‘Plutarch’ himself (738DE), to the learned reply by Hermeias (738EF), and to the final critical evaluation by Zopyrio (738F-739A). This detailed interpretation of the Quaestio should help in revealing the argumentative dynamics of Plutarch’s philosophical approach in the Quaestiones convivales.

scholarly journals LINGUISTIC PROCEDURAL SUPPORT FOR THE RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN FAIRY TALE PLOT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350
Author(s):  
R.D. Urunova
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Folk Tale ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Procedural Support ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article is devoted to one of the ways of studying the plot of a fairy tale, which was developed as a result of a consistent comprehensive understanding of ideas and concepts in the Russian and French schools of plot composition. The article provides an analytical representation of the concepts of the actant and the actant model, as well as highlights the main stages of the procedure for identifying them from the text. Special attention is paid to the identification and analysis of the verbal expression of the functional and qualitative characteristics of the characters of a fairy tale. Functional characteristics allow us to determine the actant position of the hero in the plot model, and qualitative characteristics help to identify his spiritual traits. In the article, Greimas's methodology is used to correctly identify the plot structure of the Russian folk tale "The Tsar Maiden". To illustrate the research procedure, a fragment of the actant analysis of the fairy tale is given, which presents the procedure of studying a parallel corpus of statements, containing all characteristics and functional messages of one of the characters of the fairy tale. As a result of the semantic analysis of verbal qualitative and functional characteristics, the actant position of the character is determined, which helps to reconstruct the actant model, which is the constructive basis of the tale's plot.

scholarly journals Semantic volume of the word Conviction in the Words and Homilies of the Russian saints of the 20th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-672
Author(s):  
Yulia V Koreneva
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Court Judge ◽  
Negative Appraisal ◽  
Semantic Difference

For the first time the article analyzes the semantics of the word conviction in the words and teachings of Russian saints of the twentieth century. The material is extracted from symphonies in the works of saints and from collections of sayings of Russian elders of the twentieth century. The article analyzes the semantics of the use of this word in religious texts as the implementation of religious discourse in comparison with the codified meaning of modern dictionaries. It is shown that the lexeme conviction is included in the etymological-word formative nest of semantics of different words in the modern Russian language ( court, judge, condemn, reason, judgment, fate, judicial , etc.) of the Indo-European root *dhe- (: *-dh-o: *dh-i-) with the semantics of establishment, action, and in addition with the prefix su- , which means combining or mixing, has negative appraisal and is Church Slavism in the Russian language not only by phonetic and orthographic signs, but primarily by semantic signs. The semantic difference in the religious and non-religious use of this word in the Russian and Church Slavonic language element is in the significative side, since in the Orthodox concept-sphere and the Russian religious discourse, conviction is associated with a number of conceptual ideas about the inner life of a person. Conviction is semantized as a destructive state of a person, violating the integrity of his personality and alienating him from God (the article identifies at least three semantic-cognitive features). Such semantic content clearly differs from lexicographical data in modern language, therefore the meaning of a word in Church Slavonic text space is understood as basic, and modern usage is understood as a narrowing of the original semantics.

scholarly journals Otoritarianisme Pemahaman Keagamaan: Melacak Akar Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Rumah Tangga

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Juliansyahzen
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Causes Of Violence ◽  
Male Authority ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Insight Into

The phenomenon of violence against women in Indonesia is always increasing and leaves a devastating impact on various fronts. Every woman with various backgrounds has the same vulnerability to become a victim. The causes of violence against women are as diverse as patriarchal culture, labeling of women with weak physical conditions, to gender-biased interpretation of religious texts. The practice of religious interpretation which tends to position the text as a rigid and final entity is certainly not relevant to the spirit of Islam in realizing general prosperity, especially between men and wives. The text is also seen as justification for personal interests and even groups. This imbalance then gives birth to what is called authoritarianism. The practice of religious authoritarianism eventually raises the problem of injustice and even violence that often makes women or wives victims. In religious discourse, historically the root of violence in originated from the paradigm of human creation. Women are considered as complementary or subordinate creatures of men. This understanding is based on religious texts such as QS An-Nisa [4]: ​​34 which is commonly understood as a form of giving the mandate of male authority over women. Therefore, insight into authoritative interpretation is needed. Religious texts are not final entities, but always intersect with social and cultural realities.Equality, authority, Religious authoritarianism

Philosophy of Literature

Philosophy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Order Analysis ◽  
Philosophy Of Literature ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Cross Fertilization

The philosophy of literature addresses the most fundamental questions about the nature of literature as an art. Some of these questions address the metaphysics and ontology of literary works: What, if anything, essentially distinguishes literary works of art (such as epics, novels, drama, and poetry) from other kinds of writings, such as scientific reports, historical treatises, religious texts, guides, and manuals, which may happen to be written in a literary manner? Also, what kinds of things are literary works of art that seem to exist over time in some way independently of any of their particular printed editions? Other questions address our ways of engaging with literature, such as: What norms govern our interpretation and understanding of such works? Is the meaning of a work fixed, or does it change with the changes in the contexts in which it is read? Can we have a genuine emotional response to the characters, events, and states of affairs represented in such works even when we believe that they are not real? Finally, some questions address the value of works of literature: Do they offer any distinctive form of knowledge or insight? Can their cognitive and moral merits and defects count as artistic merits and defects? Philosophy of literature is not alone in pursuing these questions, for literary history, criticism, and other modes of scholarship address these concerns, as do readers when they reflect on their own and others’ practices of attending to works of art. However, the philosophical approach to literature, while often productively drawing on the empirical study and first-order analysis of literary works, tends to adopt a more systematic, theoretical, ahistorical, and foundational approach than commonly found in other fields. Also, while the philosophy of literature tends to address the nature of literature as an art, it has been profoundly shaped by work in other areas of philosophy far from aesthetics such as analytic metaphysics and philosophy of language, which since their inception have addressed such topics as the metaphysics of fictional characters. More recently, there has been an exciting cross-fertilization between philosophical approaches to literature and developments in cognitive science, particularly in areas devoted to the study of emotions and imagination.

scholarly journals Knowledge in action: logico-philosophical approach to linguistic evidentiality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C BarÉs-GÓmez ◽  
M Fontaine ◽  
A Nepomuceno
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Logic ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Dynamic Epistemic Logic ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Transmission Of Information ◽  
Primary Meaning ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

Abstract The present study focuses on a grammatical category called evidentiality. The primary meaning of evidentiality is concerned with information source. That is, it expresses whether something has been seen, heard or inferred. The aim here is to conduct a conceptual study of evidentiality in which use is made of formal tools. The fundamental intuition is that the distinction between ‘evidence’as ‘proof’and ‘evidentiality’as ‘to do with proof’is a crucial one. Evidentiality is a dynamic notion to be analysed through the use of knowledge by the agents, a knowledge in action, which involves an in-coming state and an out-coming state that is typical of the transmission of information. We propose our own approach in which the dynamics of knowledge in action is grasped in the context of a dynamic epistemic logic.

scholarly journals Beliggaamde realisme en ekobillike godskonstrukte

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip P. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Embodied Realism ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Embodied realism and congruent God constructs The findings of modern cognitive sciences have far-reaching implications for the philosophical framework within which theological texts have been and could be interpreted. In this regard, the body presents itself as an important epistemological agent. Body-critical analysis of Bible texts provides insight into the societal and cultural factors that brought about those texts, and presents a philosophical approach of embodied realism congruent with the embodiment of thought, the cognitive subconscious and the methaphorical nature of abstract concepts. By taking the body ideology fundamental to the concepts and constructs in religious texts seriously, a new discourse can be stimulated that will bring about new embodied perspectives on the relationship between humans, the environment and other �others�. A society that is serious about ecojustice as far as the interrelatedness of all creatures is concerned should shoulder the responsibility continuously to consider and revise its hierarchical normative paradigms. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role and place of the body in the establishment of God constructs as normative paradigms.

scholarly journals Style of religious texts as a potential hindrance in interpreter training

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-67
Author(s):  
Przemysław Janikowski
Keyword(s):  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Progression Model ◽  
Thematic Progression ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Interpreter Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Metaphor Processing

According to the thematic progression model of Janikowski (2011) religious texts can be used at the early stages of interpreter training. The reservations against such placement of allegedly stylistically sophisticated texts are scrutinised in the following paper by means of (1) developing a set of features of spoken religious discourse and (2) empirically testing their frequency in a convenience corpus. The results do show an unexpectedly high level of metaphorical saturation of spoken religious texts (1.4 per minute of speech), but they also show that only 8% of these metaphors were unconventional and that speakers sometimes employed special means of facilitating metaphor processing. Additionally, the appearance of other markers traditionally recognised as elements of religious style (intertextual allusions, markers of higher register and other figures of speech) was only marginal. Thus, the results support the use of religious texts as the second stage in thematic development, however, with a set of recommendations.

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