Applied Directions in Biomedical Anthropology

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Wienker
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Research Institutes

During the last 15 years, a distinct new specialization within physical anthropology has emerged, biomedical anthropology. It is concerned with the health, diseases, growth, aging, nutrition, and body composition of living humans, and especially of living human populations. Importantly, virtually all of biomedical anthropology has an applied orientation. It also offers much to individuals who aspire to practice the craft and science of physical anthropology in such organizations as medical schools, medical research institutes, and in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Missing the mark: Current practices in teaching the male urogenital examination to Canadian undergraduate medical students

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Kristen McAlpine ◽  
Stephen Steele
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Canadian Medical School ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
And Training

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The urogenital physical examination is an important aspect of patient encounters in various clinical settings. Introductory clinical skills sessions are intended to provide support and alleviate students’ anxiety when learning this sensitive exam. The techniques each Canadian medical school uses to guide their students through the initial urogenital examination has not been previously reported.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study surveyed pre-clerkship clinical skills program directors at the main campus of English-speaking Canadian medical schools regarding the curriculum they use to teach the urogenital examination.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A response rate of 100% was achieved, providing information on resources and faculty available to students, as well as the manner in which students were evaluated. Surprisingly, over onethird of the Canadian medical schools surveyed failed to provide a setting in which students perform a urogenital examination on a patient in their pre-clinical years. Additionally, there was no formal evaluation of this skill set reported by almost 50% of Canadian medical schools prior to clinical training years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> To ensure medical students are confident and accurate in performing a urogenital examination, it is vital they be provided the proper resources, teaching, and training. As we progress towards a competency-based curriculum, it is essential that increased focus be placed on patient encounters in undergraduate training. Further research to quantify students’ exposure to the urogenital examination during clinical years would be of interest. Without this commitment by Canadian medical schools, we are doing a disservice not only to the medical students, but also to our patient population.</p>

Philanthropy and Selfishness

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
Moral Claim ◽  
Capital Campaign ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Major Significance ◽  
Moral Claims ◽  
Political Economic

The question I want to discuss is “How can I say ‘No’ to a fund-raising appeal?” Since many people apparently find it easy to say “No,” it is not clear what the problem is. Put briefly, the problem is this: I do not want to think of myself as uncaring, unfeeling, and insensitive to the needs of others. And yet, within the last year I have not responded to appeals for funds from a wide variety of causes: medical research, famine relief, freedom of speech, environmental protection. I have turned down requests for support of scholarly magazines, research institutes, and other good causes. My only moderate-sized contribution during that time has been to the capital campaign of an organization of which I am a member. I have enough to have made (very) small contributions to all of the organizations from which I received appeals, but not enough so that my contributions to any single cause would be of major significance. How can I justify not giving?The problem arises because these appeals (some of them, at least) apparently put moral claims upon me: they say that people are suffering and have needs, and you can help to meet them. Or they say that the intellectual and cultural life of our society will be enriched if you help.One traditional philosophic view holds that moral claims have a special status. They override political, economic, social, and other claims. The only thing, according to this view, that can free one from a moral claim is another moral claim.

scholarly journals PROBLEM BASED LEARNING APPLIED TO PRACTICE IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN BRAZIL: A MINI-SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Alberto Bussolaro ◽  
Claudine Thereza-Bussolaro
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Clinical Teaching ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
Educational Methodology

ABSTRACTBackgroundActive learning is a well-established educational methodology in medical schools worldwide, although its implementation in Brazilian clinical settings is quite challenging. The objective of this study is to review the literature in a systematic manner to find and conduct a reflective analysis of how problem-based learning (PBL) has been applied to clinical teaching in medical schools in Brazil.Material & methodsA systematic literature search was conducted in three databases. A total of 250 papers related to PBL in Brazilian medical schools were identified through the database searches. Four studies were finally selected for the review.ResultsFour fields of medicine were explored on the four selected papers: gynecology/family medicine, medical semiology, psychiatry, and pediatrics. Overall, all the papers reported some level of strategic adaptability of the original PBL methodology to be applied in the Brazilian medical school’s curricula and to the peculiar characteristics specific to Brazil.ConclusionPBL application in Brazilian medical schools require some level of alteration from the original format, to better adapt to the characteristics of Brazilian students’ maturity, health system priorities and the medical labor market.

scholarly journals Identification of and Associations among Low, Middle, and High Body Composition Trajectories from Age 5- to 17-Years

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Teresa A. Marshall ◽  
Alexandra M. Curtis ◽  
Joseph E. Cavanaugh ◽  
John J. Warren ◽  
Steven M. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Composition Measure ◽  
Dxa Scans

Our objective was to identify sex-specific age 5- to 17-year body composition (body mass index (BMI), % body fat, fat mass index, fat-free mass index) trajectories, compare trajectories assigned using age 5 (AGE5) data to those assigned using all available (ALL) data, and compare BMI assignments to other body composition assignments. Cluster analysis was used to identify low, medium, and high trajectories from body composition measures obtained from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans at 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 years in a birth cohort followed longitudinally (n = 469). Moderate agreement was observed for comparisons between AGE5 data and ALL data cluster assignments for each body composition measure. Agreement between cluster assignments for BMI and other body composition measures was stronger using ALL data than using AGE5 data. Our results suggest that BMI, % body fat, fat mass index, and fat free mass index trajectories are established during early childhood, and that BMI is a reasonable predictor of body composition appropriate to track obesity in public health and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Anthropometric characteristics and body composition in Mexican older adults: age and sex differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana López-Ortega ◽  
Pedro Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Mexican Adults

AbstractAnthropometric reference data for older adults, particularly for the oldest old, are still limited, especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to describe sex- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and body composition in Mexican older adults. The methods included in the present study were assessment of height, weight, BMI, calf circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) as well as knee height in a sample of 8883 Mexican adults aged 60 years and above and the estimation of sex- and age-specific differences in these measures. Results of the study (n 7865, 54 % women) showed that men are taller, have higher BMI, and larger WC than women, whereas women presented higher prevalence of obesity and adiposity. Overall prevalence of underweight was 2·3 % in men and 4·0 % in women, with increasing prevalence with advancing age. Significant differences were found by age group for weight, height, WC, HC, CC, BMI and knee height (P<0·001), but no significant differences in waist–hip circumference were observed. Significant differences between men and women were found in height, weight, circumferences, BMI and knee height (P<0·001). These results, which are consistent with studies of older adults in other countries, can be used for comparison with other Mexican samples including populations living in the USA and other countries with similar developmental and socio-economic conditions. This information can also be used as reference in clinical settings as a tool for detection of individuals at risk of either underweight or overweight and obesity.

The Moving Healthcare Professionals Programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711341
Author(s):  
Michael Brannan ◽  
Matt Hughes-Short
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Undergraduate Curriculum ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Peer Training ◽  
What Works ◽  
Online Resource

BackgroundHealthcare professionals (HCPs) are estimated to see nearly 500 000 patients during their career. Evidence demonstrates that one in four patients would be more active if advised by their GP. However, there is a lack of engagement between HCPs and patients regarding the benefits of physical activity (PA). PA is not discussed with 80% of patients, with 75% of GPs feeling they lack knowledge to advise their patients.AimMoving Healthcare Professionals Programme (MHPP) aims include increasing awareness and skills in PA for prevention and management of ill health; changing clinical practice in the promotion of activity; and evaluating impact to identify ‘what works’.MethodGPs were recruited as Physical Activity Clinical Champions (PACCs) to deliver peer-to-peer training to HCPs nationally. Additionally, relationships were developed with undergraduate medical schools to embed PA into curriculum. A PA advice pad was developed as a local GP pilot, while the ‘Moving Medicine’ online resource was created.ResultsOver 22 000 HCPs were trained to date, with evaluation demonstrating an increase in knowledge, skills and confidence, and over 18 000 completions of our eLearning modules. PA coverage was expanded across the undergraduate curriculum at multiple medical schools, while feedback on the e-advice pad pilot has informed a further digital pilot. Additionally, there were >3000 monthly users of ‘Moving Medicine’.ConclusionThis work demonstrated scope for significant improvements in HCP engagement in multiple clinical settings. Working with GPs has proved crucial to this success across various workstreams, with their participation a continued focus moving into Phase 2.

Jewish Refugee Doctors

2003 ◽  
pp. 208-236
Author(s):  
John Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
The State ◽  
State Health ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
State Health Insurance ◽  
Jewish Refugee

This chapter focuses on Jewish refugee doctors. With the advent of the Nazis to power in Germany in 1933, the harassment of Jewish professionals intensified and there began an exodus of Jewish doctors from Germany, which accelerated when laws were passed to exclude Jews from the German medical service. In May of 1934, non-Aryan physicians were debarred from participating in the state health insurance scheme; from April of 1937, Jews were no longer entitled to take exams to qualify as doctors; and from September 30, 1938, all Jewish medical licences were to be revoked, even if in certain cases Jews were to be permitted to provide medical treatment for other Jews. Already by the end of 1933, 578 doctors had left the Reich, and by mid-1934, 1,100 had fled abroad. There were also 311 persons dismissed from medical research institutes in the mid-1930s because they were Jewish or partly Jewish.

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