An Exploratory Study of Client Perceptions of Internet Counseling and the Therapeutic Alliance

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Leibert ◽  
James Archer Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Online Counseling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Internet Counseling ◽  
Information Research ◽  
Nonverbal Information ◽  
Predominantly Female

Online counseling is a growing area of clinical work with relatively little empirical evidence about the kind of clients that use the medium, advantages and disadvantages of online counseling, and satisfaction with relationships and treatment service. Sociodemographics were collected on 81 self-selected clients using online counseling, and self-reported therapeutic alliance and satisfaction with online counseling were assessed for comparison to past studies of clients using traditional face-to-face counseling. Online clients were predominantly female, were already regular Internet users, and enjoyed the convenience and anonymity of the service. They were satisfied with their relationships and treatment online but not as satisfied as clients who have undergone traditional face-to-face counseling. The main disadvantage, the loss of nonverbal information, was offset by the advantage of anonymity when sharing shameful personal information. Research limitations and clinical implications of the study are discussed.

Self-disclosure in Online versus “Face-to-Face” Counseling: A Survey among Clients (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Viktoria Binder ◽  
Markus Schott ◽  
Christiane Eichenberg
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Online Counseling ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Counseling Outcome ◽  
Disinhibition Effect ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Online Disinhibition

BACKGROUND Research proves the effectiveness of psychological interventions in online settings. There is some evidence that people disclose more personal information online than in real life, however, the results appear inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to find out whether people in online counseling disclosed more than individuals receiving “face-to-face” counseling, whether there were differences between the two settings in regard to counseling outcome and whether people in online counseling disclosed more about the counseling to confidants. METHODS A survey was carried out in various counseling centers offering both online and “face-to-face” services. The Disclosure to Therapist Inventory-VI was used to assess the amount of self-disclosure in both settings. Clients’ attitudes towards revealing counseling aspects to other people in their lives were assessed using the Disclosure About Therapy Inventory. In total N= 80 respondents completed the survey, 31 participants received online counseling (38.8%), 49 people had “face-to-face“ counseling (61.3%). RESULTS Contradicting the hypothesis, the present study disproved the assumption that self-disclosure is higher in online counseling. Whereas both samples showed similar levels of disclosure on different counseling topics, clients in “face-to-face” situations revealed significantly more about two topics: self-actualization vs. adaptation (P= .010, d= 0.6) and self-doubt/shortcomings (P= .003, r= 0.33). Two treatment characteristics, namely counseling duration and motives affected the degree of disclosure. In regard to the counseling outcome participants were moderately satisfied in both groups. People in “face-to-face” counseling reported significantly better treatment outcome in regard to the increased capacity to relate well to others (P= .026, r= 0.25). The assumption that a higher level of self-disclosure is associated with better treatment outcomes was verified only for online counseling (P= .024, ß= .470). Clients in both settings disclosed moderately about aspects of their counseling to confidants with no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study could not prove the online disinhibition effect for the counseling setting. As the number of studies conducted on this topic is relatively small the present study calls for further research on larger samples. Thereby, incongruities on self-disclosure can be clarified, possibly leading to the revision of current theories or the development of new ones.

scholarly journals Therapeutic alliance in face-to-face and online counseling: Opinions of counselor candidatesYüz yüze ve çevrimiçi psikolojik danışmada terapötik işbirliği: Psikolojik danışman adaylarının görüşleri

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2278
Author(s):  
Şerife Gonca Zeren
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Public University ◽  
Online Counseling ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
Undergraduate Program ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
Face To Face

The aim of this study is to examine how counselor candidates view therapeutic alliance within the frame of traditional face-to-face counseling and online counseling. The study was conducted with the participation of 11 volunteering counselor candidates (eight female and three male) in the fourth year of their Guidance and Psychological Counseling undergraduate program at a public university in Turkey. Results obtained through content analysis indicated that the counselor candidates were largely able to cooperate with their clients in setting goals, in working towards these goals and in solving problems, and that the counselor candidates formed a personal connection with the clients. However, it was also observed that online counseling led to problems in building cooperation to achieve goals, and in allowing the counselor and client to understand one another. ÖzetBu çalışmanın konusu, geleneksel yüz yüze psikolojik danışma ile çevrimiçi psikolojik danışma sürecindeki terapötik işbirliğini psikolojik danışman adaylarının nasıl değerlendirdiğidir. Bu çalışmaya Türkiye’de bir devlet üniversitesinde, Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışma lisans programı son sınıfta okuyan 11 (sekiz kadın ve üç erkek) gönüllü psikolojik danışman adayı katılmıştır. Yapılan içerik analizinin sonucunda, psikolojik danışman adaylarının; danışanları ile amaçları belirlemede, bu amaçlara ulaşmaya çalışmada, danışanların sorunlarının çözümünde büyük oranda işbirliği sağladıkları ve danışanları ile aralarında kişisel bir bağın oluştuğu bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Ancak, çevrimiçi danışmada amaçlara ulaşmada işbirliği ve danışanla psikolojik danışman adayının birbirini anlamalarında güçlük yaşandığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

scholarly journals Studi Literatur Kode Etik Konseling Online

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Mariana Puspa Sari ◽  
Happy Karlina Marjo
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Counseling Services ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Online Counseling ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

This study aims to explain the code of ethics for online counseling by integrating information technology in guidance and counseling services. This research method is a literature study using secondary data sources collected through textbooks, e-books, scientific articles, websites, and other sources relevant to the research problem which are then analyzed descriptively. The result of this study is the rapid development of technology in various fields, which has an impact on the integration of the counseling process in the technology. Through technological intermediaries, counseling no longer has to be done face-to-face. Among the advantages and disadvantages of online counseling, the professional code of ethics for counselors still needs to be maintained. One form of supervision is supervision. Counselors, both online and face-to-face counseling, are required to improve their ability to deal with counselee problems in accordance with the provisions of Permendikbud No. 111 of 2014.

scholarly journals Use of alternative consultation forms in Danish general practice in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic – a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Drud Due ◽  
Thorkil Thorsen ◽  
Julie Høgsgaard Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Diagnostic Uncertainty ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background Attempts to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have led to radical reorganisations of health care systems worldwide. General practitioners (GPs) provide the vast majority of patient care, and knowledge of their experiences with providing care for regular health issues during a pandemic is scarce. Hence, in a Danish context we explored how GPs experienced reorganising their work in an attempt to uphold sufficient patient care while contributing to minimizing the spread of COVID-19. Further, in relation to this, we examined what guided GPs’ choices between telephone, video and face-to-face consultations. Methods This study consisted of qualitative interviews with 13 GPs. They were interviewed twice, approximately three months apart in the initial phase of the pandemic, and they took daily notes for 20 days. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and inductively analysed. Results The GPs re-organised their clinical work profoundly. Most consultations were converted to video or telephone, postponed or cancelled. The use of video first rose, but soon declined, once again replaced by an increased use of face-to-face consultations. When choosing between consultation forms, the GPs took into account the need to minimise the risk of COVID-19, the central guidelines, and their own preference for face-to-face consultations. There were variations over time and between the GPs regarding which health issues were dealt with by using video and/or the telephone. For some health issues, the GPs generally deemed it acceptable to use video or telephone, postpone or cancel appointments for a short term, and in a crisis situation. They experienced relational and technical limitations with video consultation, while diagnostic uncertainty was not regarded as a prominent issue Conclusion This study demonstrates how the GPs experienced telephone and video consultations as being useful in a pandemic situation when face-to-face consultations had to be severely restricted. The GPs did, however, identify several limitations similar to those known in non-pandemic times. The weighing of pros and cons and their willingness to use these alternatives shifted and generally diminished when face-to-face consultations were once again deemed viable. In case of future pandemics, such alternatives seem valuable, at least for a short term.

scholarly journals Second Life as a research environment: avatar-based focus groups (AFG)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Gadalla ◽  
Ibrahim Abosag ◽  
Kathy Keeling
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Purpose – This study aims to examine the nature and the potential use of avatar-based focus groups (AFGs) (i.e. focus groups conducted in three-dimensional [3D] virtual worlds [VWs]) as compared to face-to-face and online focus groups (OFGs), motivated by the ability of VWs to stimulate the realism of physical places. Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase in using 3D VWs as a research tool. Design/methodology/approach – Using a two-phase reflective approach, data were collected first by using traditional face-to-face focus groups, followed by AFGs. In Phase 2, an online, semi-structured survey provided comparison data and experiences in AFGs, two-dimensional OFGs and traditional face-to-face focus groups. Findings – The findings identify the advantages and disadvantages of AFGs for marketing research. There is no evident difference in data quality between the results of AFGs and face-to-face focus groups. AFG compensates for some of the serious limitations associated with OFGs. Practical implications – The paper reflects on three issues, data quality, conduct of AFGs (including the moderator reflection) and participant experience, that together inform one’s understanding of the characteristics, advantages and limitations of AFG. Originality/value – This is the first paper to compare between AFGs, traditional face-to-face focus groups and OFGs. AFG holds many advantages over OFGs and even, sometimes, over face-to-face focus groups, providing a suitable environment for researchers to collect data.

scholarly journals Perceptions towards Online Counseling among University of Jordan Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Tannous
Keyword(s):  
Counseling Services ◽  
Online Counseling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The Face ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Use Of Internet

Technology and the use of internet has taken counseling service beyond the face-to-face to online counseling services. Online counseling has been available and widely used as more people are going online. Therefore this research aims to examine the perceptions of University of Jordan students toward online counseling. A sample of 210 respondents were selected to complete online questionnaire that contains two aspects of knowledge about and attitude toward online Counseling. The results of the study indicated that respondents have adequate information about the field of online counseling. However, face to face counseling was not the first preferences for most of the respondents. They have a positive attitude and a high level of preferring toward online counseling, and they believe that online counseling is an essential part of their way to deal with daily life problems. The results also indicated that social media is most effective way that help respondents to get online counseling, and it has tremendous effect on respondent's life. 

scholarly journals Combined learning, a good solution for Vietnamese universities

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Thu Hoa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pros And Cons

Information technology has created tremendous chances in higher education across the globe. With the availability and flexibility of learning online, there are increasing competitions between online learning and traditional, face-to-face classroom. These two types of learning both have their pros and cons. From the advantages and disadvantages of online learning, universities have recently changed the way of their teaching through combining online learning and traditional classroom. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and understand the advancements of the combination of the two types of learning. In this paper, we will introduce the advantages and disadvantages of online learning and the combined learning. We also share our experience on teaching at Flinders University, South Australia through Flinders learning online system. From this knowledge, we will suggest some solutions about building a combined learning system which is suitable for Vietnamese universities.

scholarly journals Online Learning in the Era of Pandemic: Solution or Disaster?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Dhion Meitreya Vidhiasi
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Offline Learning ◽  
Information Skills

The change in life continues to change quickly. The 4.0 industry has been examined, marking a development in IT, including the Internet, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. Everyone was not distinguished from technology by the development of IT in the 21st century. Different opinions from various parties to online learning come from face-to-face shifting paradigms. This sort of learning paradigm has multiple advantages and disadvantages to reach the aim of learning itself. This study seeks to assess the perspective of learners of online learning in this context in a COVID-19 pandemic. The study focuses on students of the English conversation of Akademi Maritim Nusantara Cilacap. The instruments used are semi-structured interviews. The researcher asked the students about the Covid-19 outbreak via the WhatsApp service. The research design employed in this research was a case study. The online study is unbelievably advantageous in the heart of the pandemic. AMN Cilacap has selected the Google Classroom Service as its Learning Management System. They will receive new terminology, knowledge, and technical skills. Thus, when they graduate in the future, students will no longer have problems using their primary app for education. Online learning is more effective than offline learning for a particular objective, information, skills, and students. Combining the benefit of online and offline teaching approaches known as combined learning will help overcome the potential limitations of online learning in the professional school of AMN Cilacap. But a mix of online and offline learning, notwithstanding the volatility of online, may be the best option to maximize its worth.

scholarly journals Zoom As A Tool For Online Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indriati Retno Palupi ◽  
Wiji Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

There Change the design of the studying process in University during the covid-19 pandemic from face to face to online learning needs some tools to support it. Some tools coming with their own advantages and disadvantages. One of them is Zoom. It becoming tools liked by many lecturers and college students because easy installation process and complete features although it is not free and easy to hack. Nevertheless, internet access is still becoming a big problem in online learning. A mix between two tools of online learning is one of the solutions, for example, zoom and google classroom application. Zoom is used for virtual communication in online learning but it does not provide features for sending the assignment. Otherwise, google classroom provides features to send and receipt some assignments, and it can save the quote on the internet. Both of them will complete each other to support all needs in online learning.

scholarly journals Ownership of personal data in the Internet of Things

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaclav Janecek
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This article analyses, defines, and refines the concepts of ownership and personal data to explore their compatibility in the context of EU law. It critically examines the traditional dividing line between personal and non-personal data and argues for a strict conceptual separation of personal data from personal information. The article also considers whether, and to what extent, the concept of ownership can be applied to personal data in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). This consideration is framed around two main approaches shaping all ownership theories: a bottom-up and top-down approach. Via these dual lenses, the article reviews existing debates relating to four elements supporting introduction of ownership of personal data, namely the elements of control, protection, valuation, and allocation of personal data. It then explores the explanatory advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches in relation to each of these elements as well as to ownership of personal data in IoT at large. Lastly, the article outlines a revised approach to ownership of personal data in IoT that may serve as a blueprint for future work in this area and inform regulatory and policy debates.

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