scholarly journals Parent-Сhild Interaction During Early Childhood: Comparative Analysis of Parent Responsiveness Profile Among Dyads with Typically and Atypically Developing Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-144
Author(s):  
I.N. Galasyuk ◽  
O.V. Mitina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Parent Responsiveness ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Group Profile ◽  
Student’S T Test

The paper presents the results of the empirical study that aims to build an average group profile of parent responsiveness (PR) for parents with typically and atypically developing children before 3 years of age and to compare average PR profiles between these groups. Seventy parents with typically developing children and 32 parents with atypically developing children (autism, Down syn- drome, intellectual disabilities) between 10 and 36 months of age participated in the present study. The first sample was divided into two sub-groups: parents with typically developing children younger than 12 months of age (infants), and parents with typically developing children between 12 and 36 months of age (toddlers). Parents with atypically developing children were set as one group. The study used the PATTERN technology that employs video observations. Parent responsiveness was assessed on 4 scales (Dominance, Apathy, Sensitivity, and Support); group and individual PR profiles were constructed according to these scales. Sample comparison was conducted using Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. It has been shown that the PR to typically developing children differs compared to atypically developing children. Parents of atypically developing children are more inclined to dominate and are also characterized by greater psychological apathy. The age of typically developing children influences the nature of PR.

scholarly journals The Association between Difficulties with Speech Fluency and Language Skills in a National Age Cohort of Children with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Kari-Anne B. Næss ◽  
Egil Nygaard ◽  
Hilde Hofslundsengen ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Student’S T

The present study (a) addressed difficulties in speech fluency in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children at a similar non-verbal level and (b) examined the association between difficulties with speech fluency and language skills in children with Down syndrome. Data from a cross-sectional parent survey that included questions about children’s difficulties with speech fluency, as well as clinical tests from a national age cohort of 43 six-year-olds with Down syndrome and 57 young typically developing children, were collected. Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-test, linear regression, and density ellipse scatter plots were used for analysis. There was a significantly higher occurrence of parent-reported difficulties with speech fluency in the children with Down syndrome. Higher language scores were significantly associated with a lower degree of difficulties; this association was strongest for vocabulary and phonological skills. Although difficulties with speech fluency were not reported for all children with Down syndrome, a substantially higher occurrence of such difficulties was reported compared to that for typically developing children. The significant association between difficulties with speech fluency and the level of language functioning suggests that speech fluency and language skills should be taken into consideration when planning treatment for children with Down syndrome.

scholarly journals Hardiness of Young People and Pre-Retirement Age People Living in the Republic of Tuva

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 67-83
Author(s):  
S. M. Mombey-ool ◽  
◽  
C. N. Mongush ◽  
V. L. Sitnikov ◽  
S. I. Kedich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
T Test ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The article presents the results of the comparative analysis of hardiness of young people between the ages of 18 and 35, and pre-retirement people with the help of Maddi’s Hardiness Test modified by D. Leontyev. Student’s t-test has been used to verify credibility of differences between two independent samplings. Mathematical and statistical analysis used to compare the results of young and pre-retirement age people’s survey has shown that people approaching retirement age are more resilient then young people and people before the age of 35. Young people have proved to show risk-taking behavior more, while persons nearing retirement age are more involved into and have a sense of control of their own life as opposed to young people. According to all the parameters studied these two groups showed significant differences.

scholarly journals Assessment protocols for forward masking in Frequency-Following Response

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Costa Menezes ◽  
Silvana Maria Sobral Griz ◽  
Anne Karoline Lima de Araújo ◽  
Leonardo Gleygson Angelo Venâncio ◽  
Karina Paes Advincula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forward Masking ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Absolute Latency ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate forward masking by comparing latencies values of positive and negative peaks in frequency-following responses (FFR) recordings, in normally hearing young adults. Methods: from a database, 20 FFR recordings were selected, 10 being from men, and 10 from women, aged 18 to 25 years, with normal hearing. They were qualitatively analyzed by two experienced researchers and also analyzed, according to two different protocols of recording identification: (i) predominance of positive peaks - PV, A, PW, PX, PY, PZ, and O waves; and (ii) predominance of negative peaks - V, A, C, D, E, F, and O waves. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test, the Wilcoxon test, and the Student’s t-test were conducted, by adopting the significance level of p<0.05. Results: the comparative analysis of latency peak values did not reveal any significant difference between the studied protocols. However, the standard deviation was higher for absolute latency values as compared to negative peaks, suggesting an inverted pattern of what was expected. Conclusion: forward masking was identified in both proposals and the protocol of predominant positive peaks was less variable.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the visualization of small files using digital and conventional radiography

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Regina Boarin Pace ◽  
Sandra Márcia Habitante
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Digital System ◽  
T Test ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The present work was designed to carry out a comparative analysis of the visualization of small files using digital and conventional radiographs. Forty maxillary molars inserted in human skulls were used; Maillefer K-files #06, #08, #10 and #15 were inserted in the mesiobuccal canals and measured at 0.5mm beyond and 1.5mm before the tip with 0.5-mm intervals, in order to allow five professionals to observe whether the files were at the limit, before or beyond the foramen when visualized on conventional radiographs taken on Insight Kodak film (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) and with the RVG digital system (Trophy). Based on the results obtained, the conclusions were: with the two systems it was possible to visualize #06 K-files in nearly 60% of the evaluated cases; for the others, #08, #10 and #15 K-files, visualization was higher with both radiographic systems, achieving 82% of correct visualization for #15 K-files with the conventional system. The differences between the results of the two systems studied - conventional (Insight film, Kodak F-speed) and last generation digital (RVG - Trophy) radiographs - were not statistically significant according to the Student's t test.

scholarly journals Penetration of COVID-19 Related Terminology into Legal, Medical, and Journalistic Discourses

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Trzaskawka ◽  
Joanna Kic-Drgas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Communication Mode ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
The Media ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

AbstractMarch 2020 has become a moment of change in communication mode and quality. Previously, the media paid attention to the current affairs, however, never earlier the journalistic discourse has been so influentially affected by the ongoing phenomenon as in the case of COVID-19. Almost overnight the new terminological phenomena with specific legal or medical reference were introduced into everyday language mainly via mass media and become an important part of a pandemic related narration. The strong influence on the shape of the mentioned linguistic changes has mainly the adoption of new legal regulations due to the unexpected outbreak of the pandemic. The aim of the following paper is to investigate how COVID-19 pandemic affected the specialisation of the journalistic discourse and how different domains (law, medicine) are being influenced by new terminology and in other way round, how for example law and medicine influence new “COVID language”. In order to take the interdisciplinary nature of the issue into account, the degree of hybridity of the selected texts will be examined by means of selected material analysis. The methodology applied in the paper uses an empirical approach and comparative analysis. The material used for the analysis comes from the selected Polish quality and boulevard press. The paper concerns the linguistic influence of the “invisible enemy” on the language presented in press. The main findings reveal the intense use of neologisms, borrowings, and it shows that the discourse was changed linguistically thanks to Student’s t-test.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of organic and conventional farmers in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krause Josef ◽  
Machek Ondrej
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Asset Turnover ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

Organic farming has become a topic that receives an increasing academic as well as popular attention. This study examines the financial differences between the organic and conventional farmers, as well as their income volatility. Based on the Student’s t-test, the regression analysis and the matched-pair investigation on a sample of Czech 291 organic and 4045 conventional farmers over the period 2009–2013, the study indicates that the organic agricultural companies outperform the conventional companies in the terms of profitability. However, their asset turnover is considerably lower. No evidence of different income volatility has been found.  

scholarly journals Area and Volume of Remaining Cement and Enamel after Removal and Polishing of Buccal or Lingual Multibracket Appliances

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Alba Belanche Monterde ◽  
Alberto Albaladejo Martínez ◽  
Adrián Curto ◽  
Jorge Alonso Pérez-Barquero ◽  
Clara Guinot-Barona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Digital Measurement ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Multibracket Appliance ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Area And Volume

The aim of the present study was to compare the area and volume of remaining cement after lingual and buccal multibracket appliance debonding. Further, the area and volume of cement remaining and the area and volume of enamel were also analyzed using a morphometric digital measurement technique. Ten buccal and 10 lingual multibracket appliances were cemented in 20 extracted teeth embedded into an epoxy resin model simulating a dental arch. The models were scanned before bonding the lingual and buccal multibracket appliances, after debonding the lingual and buccal multibracket appliances, and after polishing the remaining cement. Afterwards, the standard tessellation language (STL) digital files were aligned, segmented, and realigned by using engineer morphometry software. A comparative analysis was performed using Student’s t test statistical analysis. Lingual appliances showed statistically significantly (p < 0.001) less area (7.07 ± 4.85 mm2) and volume (0.87 ± 1.34 mm3) of remaining cement than the area (21.99 ± 4.18 mm2) and volume (p = 0.002) (3.48 ± 0.96 mm3) of buccal appliances. Moreover, lingual appliances showed statistically significantly (p = 0.001) less area (4.48 ± 3.08 mm2) and volume (0.13 ± 0.15 mm3) of remaining cement after polishing than the area (12.22 ± 5.98 mm2) and volume (p = 0.004) (0.70 ± 0.56 mm3) of buccal appliances. Lingual multibracket appliance therapy leads to less area and volume of cement remaining after multibracket appliance debonding and less area and volume of cement remaining after cement polishing than buccal multibracket appliance therapy; however, the area and volume of enamel removed after cement polishing were similar between both lingual and buccal multibracket appliance therapies.

scholarly journals Experience in Developing and Testing a Model Program for Psychological and Educational Work with Persons Convicted of Terrorist and Extremist Crimes

2021 ◽  
pp. 904-911
Author(s):  
Salikh Shamsunov ◽  
Pavel Kazberov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
T Test ◽  
Model Program ◽  
Life Purpose ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Attitude Research ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Student’S T Test

Introduction: the steady increase in the number of the suspected, accused and convicted of terrorism and extremism, as well as cases of their participation in various emergencies, necessitates a personal, targeted approach to correctional psychological and educational work with them. The need for an individual approach, including in psychological and educational work with those convicted of terrorism and extremism, is also indicated by regulatory legal documents, in particular the Order of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia No. 1111 dated November 24, 2017 “On the organization of events on countering terrorism, extremist activity in penal enforcement institutions and bodies”. Study purpose: determination of the effectiveness of the tested model program for psychological correction of personality of persons convicted of terrorism and extremism-related crimes. Research methods: psychodiagnostics methods: the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) “Time perspective of convicts”, multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire, a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”; a method for testing the program developed; a method for identifying statistical differences – the Student’s t-test; a method for comparative analysis of the psychodiagnostics results obtained following the testing results. Results: validation of the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the absence of significant changes in the indicators of convicts in the control group. Meaningful changes were observed in the indicators of convicts of the experimental group with the help of the following methods: ZTPI “Time perspective of convicts”, a multidimensional self-attitude research questionnaire and a psychodiagnostic method “Life-purpose orientations”. A comparative analysis of the results of psychodiagnostics of convicts in the experimental group before and after testing of the basic program proved the reliability of statistical differences with the help of the Student’s t-test determined the presence of positive personality changes in the behavioral, cognitive and affective spheres of the personality of convicts in the experimental group. Conclusions: assessment of the model program testing results revealed a sufficient degree of its effectiveness and the possibility of its implementation. The model program largely determined the content and structure of the section of the additional professional program – a professional development program for psychological service employees who accompany persons convicted of terrorist and extremist crimes.

Age Norms for Auditory-Perceptual Neurophonetic Parameters: A Prerequisite for the Assessment of Childhood Dysarthria

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1082
Author(s):  
Theresa Schölderle ◽  
Elisabet Haas ◽  
Wolfram Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Age Norms ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Speech Characteristics ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Computer Based

Purpose The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0–9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria. Results The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds. Conclusions The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic–physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380

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