scholarly journals Understanding of Emotional States in Persons with Pedophilia / Pedophilic Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
L.Y. Demidova ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Drive ◽  
Emotional Perception ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
High Level

This article highlights the problem of emotional perception in pedophilia (ICD-10) / pedophilia disorder (ICD-11). In present paper, emotional perception is considered as abilities of recognizing and identifying a wide range of mental states like emotions, affects, moods, feelings. The assumption about relations of alexithymia and disturbances in the recognition of emotions, perspective taking, empathy with pedophilia and regulatory mechanisms of activity verified empirically. Two groups of persons accused of sexual crimes are compared: 44 people with pedophilia, 32 people without the disorder; also 95 persons who haven't been accused were examined for the control group; as well intra-group comparison of pedophilic persons with egosyntonic and egodystonic attitude toward sexual drive was made. Contradictions of earlier studies are resolved in the result: it is shown that in pedophilia the ability of understanding emotional states remains normal at first sight (in comparison with the deficits found in the accused without pedophilia). However, the group with pedophilia is characterized by extremely high level of alexithymia and based on this the consistently conclusion is made about disturbances of emotional regulation in egosyntonic form of this disorder.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STATE IN THE INFERTILE PREGNANT FEMALES DUE TO THE ANAMNESIS AND IVF

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Volodymyr K. Likhachov ◽  
Yanina V. Shymanska ◽  
Yulia S. Savelieva ◽  
Viktoriya L. Vashchenko ◽  
Ludmyla М. Dobrovolska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Component ◽  
Group I ◽  
High Level

Introduction: During pregnancy in the body of a healthy woman there are physiological and psychological changes that contribute to the bearing a child and prepare the female for future labour and motherhood. In women who experience failure at the stage of fertilization or during pregnancy, as a result of prolonged negative emotional states, psycho-emotional stress develops. The aim of the research was to study the psycho-emotional state of women with infertility in history, whose pregnancy resulted from extracorporal fertilization (IVF), and to develop methods for reducing their anxiety. Materials and methods: At the first stage, the initial psycho-emotional state of 60 women in the second trimester, whose pregnancy resulted from IVF (Group I), was studied; the control group consisted of 20 healthy women with a physiological course of pregnancy (Group II). At the second stage, 10 art therapy exercises with a requestioning of pregnant women from Group I were conducted for improving their psycho-emotional state. Results: Women of Group I had a high level of both situational anxiety (SA) and the personal one (PA). The prevalent type of the psychological component of gestational dominant was anxiety and euphoric types (58.3%). In one third of women with burdened gynecological history examined mild or masked depression was diagnosed. 43 pregnant women from Group I used a method of psychocorrection – art therapy, which included colouring “antistress” pictures of perinatal topic, making flowers from paper and creating a collage of dreams. Conclusions: After the art therapy course, a high level of SA (from 46.5% to 7.0%) and OA (from 48.8% to 32.6%) decreased, the index of the optimal type of the psychological component of gestational dominant increased from 25.6% to 53.5%. The number of women without depression increased from 62.8% to 93%.

scholarly journals Political terrorism and affective polarization in “black” and “red” terrorists in Italy during the years 1968–1988

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Matteo Pacini ◽  
Icro Maremmani
Keyword(s):  
Mental States ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Mixed States ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Crime ◽  
Political Terrorism ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Case Basis

Psychiatric evaluations of violent political crime were mostly performed on a case-by-case basis in a forensic environment, which made them unduly dependent on categories of presumed dangerousness and legal responsibility, rather than on a clinical definition of their mental status. In referring to such “clinical” definitions, the disorder we have in mind is not limited to the major, agitated psychotic manias or mixed states. The presence of a dominant temperament, or protracted hypomania, is enough by itself to explain an individual’s engagement in a wide range of activities, not necessarily sociopathic or violent. We put forward the hypothesis that formal and transpolitical radical choices, either in favor of an illegal lifestyle or of activities involving a high level of risk, may be linked with certain mental states, especially when considering small clandestine groups showing a high level of internal ideological consensus, and a no-return attitude toward a commitment to radical choices. Available data about the psycho(patho)logical profile of terrorists are still hard to come by. The only available studies are those on identified living terrorists (judging by the trials of those who personally admitted to having been terrorists), and statistical data imply a number of documented cases belonging to the same terrorist organization. In Italy, the period often called the “years of lead [bullets]” displays an interesting viewpoint for the study of terrorist psychology, for two main reasons: first of all, it is a historically defined period (1968–1988), and second, the number of ascertained participants in terrorist activities was quite large.

scholarly journals Altered Perception of Age in Pedophilia and Pedophilic Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120
Author(s):  
L.Y. Demidova ◽  
N.V. Zobnina ◽  
N.V. Dvoryanchikov ◽  
G.E. Vvedensky ◽  
M.Yu. Kamenskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Pedophilic Disorder

The article presents data from an empirical study of the features for age perception in pedophilia (ICD-10) / pedophilic disorder (ICD-11). We consider a phenomenon of individuals with pedophilia what often want to be like children or feel themselves like them. An analytical review of the literature on the subjective perception of age and age identity is provided. The question is discussed on how the chronological assessment of the live time is transformed into a subjective assessment of one's own age, as well as the mechanisms underlying such kind of transformation (in particular, successful or unsuccessful experience of socialization). Three groups of individuals are compared: persons accused of sexual crimes with diagnosis of pedophilia (21 examinees), without such a diagnosis (21 examinees) and 45 examinees of the control group. All of them completed the test on “Age Identity”, “Color Test of Affective Tones” and “Coding”. According to the results the actual and ideal self-image in pedophilia is more infantile and similar to the image of a child. Obtained data indicate the immaturity of sexual sphere in examinees with pedophilia, they perceive sexuality in communicative and playing context.

PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK WITH THE CONVICTS’ SERVING PUNISHMENT IN A SPECIAL REGIME COLONY

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Олеся Николаевна Ежова
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Penal Colony ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Future Loss ◽  
High Level

В статье рассматривается проблема готовности к освобождению осужденных, которым судом назначено наказание в виде пожизненного лишения свободы, а также лицам, которым смертная казнь в качестве помилования заменена на этот вид наказания, с учетом того что в настоящее время у многих осужденных наступило право на условно-досрочное освобождение, которое вызывает много вопросов, связанных с критериями оценки личности этих осужденных и мерами, направленными на подготовку их к освобождению. Анализируются трудности, с которыми сталкивается психологическое сопровождение этой категории осужденных: проблемы установления психологического контакта (вынужденный контакт); дефицит времени (Правила внутреннего распорядка) для оказания индивидуальной и групповой психологической помощи; необходимость обеспечения безопасности при работе с ними; отсутствие у осужденных мотивации изменяться, а также к совместной работе с психологом; негативные эмоциональные состояния и высокий уровень конфликтности среди осужденных. Характеризуются психические состояния, которые испытывают эти осужденные на различных этапах отбывания наказания в исправительной колонии особого режима (агрессивность, высокий уровень конфликтности, отсутствие перспектив на будущее, утрата смысла в жизни). Анализируются объективные и субъективные факторы, влияющие на личность осужденного в течение длительного срока отбывания наказания, и факторы, от которых зависит готовность этих осужденных к освобождению. На основании анализа данной проблемы делаются выводы о том, что особое внимание следует уделять не только профессиональной подготовке пенитенциарных психологов, но и их психологической готовности работать с этой категорией осужденных. The article is about the problem of the readiness to release convicts who have been sentenced to life imprisonment by the court, as well as to persons for whom the death penalty has been replaced by this type of punishment as a - early release, which raises many questions related with the criteria for assessing the personality of these convicts and measures aimed at preparing them for release. The difficulties faced by the psychological support of this category of convicts are analyzed: problems of establishing psychological contact (forced contact); lack of time (internal regulations) for the provision of individual and group psychological assistance; the need to ensure safety when working with them; convicts' lack of motivation to change, as well as to work together with a psychologist; negative emotional states and a high level of conflict among convicts. The mental states that these convicts experience at various stages of serving their sentences in a special regime penal colony are characterized (aggressiveness, high level of conflict, lack of prospects for the future, loss of meaning in life). The objective and subjective factors influencing the personality of the convict during a long term of serving the sentence, and the factors on which the readiness of these convicts to release depends are analyzed. Based on the analysis of this problem, it is concluded that special attention should be paid not only to the professional training of penitentiary psychologists, but also to their psychological readiness to work with this category of convicts.

scholarly journals Predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S399-S399
Author(s):  
N. Maruta ◽  
I. Mudrenko
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

IntroductionCognitive disorders are associated with a wide range of psychopathological syndromes and behavioral disorders, and suicidal manifestations in dementia are understudied nowadays.ObjectivesTo investigate clinical-psychopathological predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia.MethodologyForty-four patients with dementia were examined: 23 patients with suicidal manifestations and 21 patients without them (control group). Clinical and psychometrical methods were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale; Assessment of Suicide Risk scale; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and statistical ones.ResultsIt was determined that male patients with dementia had suicidal behavioral manifestations more often than female patients (69.6%; P < 0.05). An average age of the patients was 69.88 ± 1.85 years with no significant difference between the main and control groups.The majority of the patients with dementia (52.3%) had suicidal manifestations. Real suicidal intentions were the most frequent (25%; P < 0.05); 20.5% of patients expressed passive thoughts (anti-vital sentences, fantasies, ideas concerning death); 2 patients (6.82%; P < 0.05) had suicidal attempts. Patients with suicidal tendencies in their clinical picture more often had hallucinatory syndrome (39.1%; P < 0.05); features of severe depression (35.04 ± 1.54 points; P < 0.01); a high level of suicidal risk (26.34 ± 1.68 points; P < 0.01); a severe cognitive deficit (ММSE score 0–10); and a significantly lower level of self-awareness of death (18.53 ± 0.72 points; P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsA high suicide risk in dementia correlated with a level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.6), moderate and/or severe grades of dementia (r = 0.45), and a low level of self-awareness of death (r = 0.35).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The McGill Face Database: validation and insights into the recognition of facial expressions of complex mental states

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Schmidtmann ◽  
Ben J. Jennings ◽  
Dasha A. Sandra ◽  
Jordan Pollock ◽  
Ian Gold
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Side View ◽  
Face Database ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Wide Range

Current databases of facial expressions of mental states typically represent only a small subset of expressions, usually covering the basic emotions (fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness, and anger). To overcome these limitations, we introduce a new database of pictures of facial expressions reflecting the richness of mental states. 93 expressions of mental states were interpreted by two professional actors and high-quality pictures were taken under controlled conditions in front and side view. The database was validated with two different experiments (N=65). First, a four-alternative forced choice paradigm was employed to test the ability of participants to correctly select a term associated with each expression. In a second experiment, we employed a paradigm that did not rely on any semantic information. The task was to locate each face within a two-dimensional space of valence and arousal (mental state – space) employing a “point-and-click” paradigm. Results from both experiments demonstrate that subjects can reliably recognize a great diversity of emotional states from facial expressions. Interestingly, while subjects’ performance was better for front view images, the advantage over the side view was not dramatic. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the high degree of accuracy human viewers exhibit when identifying complex mental states from only partially visible facial features. The McGill Face Database provides a wide range of facial expressions that can be linked to mental state terms and can be accurately characterized in terms of arousal and valence.

scholarly journals The McGill Face Database: Validation and Insights Into the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Complex Mental States

Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Schmidtmann ◽  
Ben J. Jennings ◽  
Dasha A. Sandra ◽  
Jordan Pollock ◽  
Ian Gold
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Side View ◽  
Face Database ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
High Degree

Current databases of facial expressions represent only a small subset of expressions, usually the basic emotions (fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness, and anger). To overcome these limitations, we introduce a database of pictures of facial expressions reflecting the richness of mental states. A total of 93 expressions of mental states were interpreted by two professional actors, and high-quality pictures were taken under controlled conditions in front and side view. The database was validated in two experiments. First, a four-alternative forced-choice paradigm was employed to test the ability to select a term associated with each expression. Second, the task was to locate each face within a 2-D space of valence and arousal. Results from both experiments demonstrate that subjects can reliably recognize a great diversity of emotional states from facial expressions. While subjects’ performance was better for front view images, the advantage over the side view was not dramatic. This is the first demonstration of the high degree of accuracy human viewers exhibit when identifying complex mental states from only partially visible facial features. The McGill Face Database provides a wide range of facial expressions that can be linked to mental state terms and can be accurately characterized in terms of arousal and valence.

Depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S141-S142 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Aladashvili
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schizophrenic Disorder ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

IntroductionDepression is common among patients with schizophrenia and is associated with a wide range of poor outcomes, including psychotic relapse and suicide. The aim of the study is to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and to compare depression intensity in schizophrenic patients and patients with depressive disorder.MethodsIn this cross sectional study were included 40 patients from both genders. Patients were divided in 2 groups: (1) examined group: 20 schizophrenic patients who presented depressive symptomatology. Depressive symptoms-evaluated with the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Inclusion criteria: schizophrenic disorder by ICD-10 (F20.0-F20.9), total score higher than 7 on the HRSD-17 and age between 25 and 65; (2) control group: 20 patients with depressive disorder. Inclusion criteria: recurrent depressive disorder by ICD-10 (F33.0-F33.9), total score higher than 7 on the HRSD-17 and age between 25 and 65. Psychiatric rating scales for clinical evaluation of prominence of symptomatology: 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17) and PANSS (Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale).ResultsThe prevalence of patients with depressive symptoms among the schizophrenic patients was 45% i.e. out of 20 evaluated patients with schizophrenia, 9 showed depressive symptoms. The total score in the remaining 11 patients on the HRSD-17 was lower than 7 and they were excluded. Difference between the two groups for gender difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe percentage of patients with depressive symptoms among the patients with schizophrenic disorder was 45%. Schizophrenic patients more frequently presented mild and moderate depression in comparison to the control group. In the majority of subjects with schizophrenia and depressive symptoms positive schizophrenic symptomatology was predominant.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Specifics of the emotional burnout syndrome in the representatives of "helping" professions

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 503-509
Author(s):  
Nadezhda I. Vlakh ◽  
Igor P. Danilov ◽  
Maksim A. Gugushvili ◽  
Tatyana D. Logunova
Keyword(s):  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Helping Professions ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emotional Burnout ◽  
Emotional Burnout Syndrome

Relevance. Emotional burnout is dangerous due to the presence of a wide range of neurotic and psychosomatic symptoms. The article discusses the features of the structure and formation of the emotional burnout syndrome as manifestations of personal value-semantic deformations. Burnout has been found to be negatively associated with solving existential problems. The study aims to explore the specifics of the emotional burnout syndrome as manifestations of personal value-semantic deformations in the representatives of "helping" professions. Materials and methods. The study involved 968 respondents employed in the field of "helping" professions. Of the entire sample, 465 people (consulted persons) made up the main research group, and 503 individuals were included into the control group. The main study methods were clinical and psychological and experimental-psychological. Results. Psychodiagnostics made it possible to clarify the types of emotional states and self-attitudes that characterized the specificity of burnout. Psychodiagnostic examination confirmed the presence in the subjects studied the elements of existential crisis associated with both professional situations and the personality traits of the "burned out" persons. Conclusions. Emotional burnout syndrome is a "payment" not for sympathy and love for people from the representatives of "helping" professions, but for their unfulfilled expectations, for the lack of sometimes visible result of work, for the loss of the activities meaning, for the devaluation of efforts by those around him.

scholarly journals Obese Adolescents Have Reduced Mentalizing Ability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaleh Taheri ◽  
M. Ali Mazaheri ◽  
Abbas Zabihzadeh ◽  
Paul Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
The Mind

Abstract Purpose: Obesity affects both mental health and the quality of life, and it also causes diseases associated with increased mortality. The aetiology of obesity is thought to be multifactorial with biological, psychological and social elements. The psychological realm includes the capacity to be aware of one’s own and others’ mental states, that is mentalizing. We hypothesized that poor mentalizing might contribute to the development and/or persistence of obesity among adolescents. The present study aims to investigate the components of the mentalization model to better identify the psychological status of obese adolescents. Methods: This study was carried out on 100 adolescent girls aged 15 to 19 years who were either obese (N=50, Mean age=17.04, Mean BMI=30.24) or normal weight (N=50, Mean age=16.94, Mean BMI=20.95). All completed the reflective functioning questionnaire (RFQ), reading the mind in the eyes test (RMET), difficulties in emotional regulation scale (DERS), and Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS). Results: Multivariate analysis of variance, univariate analysis of variance, and independent t-test were used. Lower certainty and higher uncertainty on the RFQ were confirmed in the OB group indicating reduced mentalizing ability. Misperception and misinterpretation of emotional states conveyed in the eyes in the RMET were consistent the RFQ results. Alexithymia, including difficulty recognizing, expressing and reflecting on emotions, was also found and this also fits with poor mentalizing capacity. The OB group had difficulty in all components of DERS, apart from the “Strategies” subscale. Conclusion: Mentalization or reflective function is significantly poorer in obese, compared to normal weight adolescents. Poor mentalizing could be a cause of obesity, a factor leading to its persistence, or a consequence of obesity. Further research is required to differentiate these possibilities.Level of evidence Level III: case-control analytic study.

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