scholarly journals Personalization in education: from programmed to adaptive learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
D.A. Kravchenko ◽  
I.A. Bleskina ◽  
E.N. Kalyaeva ◽  
E.A. Zemlyakova ◽  
D.F. Abbakumov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stages Of Learning ◽  
Learning Development ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Educational Potential

Adaptive learning is a learning service that adapts quickly and continuously to the individual characteristics of students. Our study is a literature review that includes a brief analysis of the history of development, the main modern approaches and methods of implementation, the educational potential of adaptive platforms and the directions of the future development of adaptive learning. The literature review allowed us to describe and analyze the main stages of learning development: from programmable to adaptive. Its results are aimed at helping researchers and developers gain a general and comprehensive understanding of adaptive learning and its development trends.

scholarly journals PAVLO HOLUBEV’S VOCAL PEDAGOGY IN MODERN ART EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Anatolii MARTYNIUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Pedagogy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Musical Traditions ◽  
Vocal Art ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The modern vocal pedagogy is based on the methodological principles of domestic and foreign vocal pedagogy, thorough study of the musical traditions of the Ukrainian people. The issue of preserving the traditions of Ukrainian vocal art and the use of innovative ideas in further development is extremely important. The comprehensive analysis of P.V.Holubev’s artistic and pedagogical activities allows to significantly expand the idea of the the artist' work an at the same time realize its importance for the Ukrainian musical art. The artist left great achievements in the history of the national vocal school, contributing to the process of its formation and development. The purpose of the article is highlighting of vocal pedagogy of the outstanding Ukrainian artist, Professor P.V. Holubev. The methods of analysis of musical and pedagogical activity of Kharkiv singer, teacher, Professor P. Holubev. Results. Pavlo Holubev’s vocal pedagogy has distinctive features. Under his guidance, students learned not only solo, but also ensemble and choral singing. The individual lessons with students had as their main goal the achievement of equality of voice sound and the detection of unique timbre color of the sound and the gradual expansion of the range of voice in the descending and ascending directions starting from the development of the middle register; formation of a diverse palette of sound filled with overtones; performing interpretation of vocal music. It is revealed that in P. Holubev’s vocal pedagogy the following main content lines are traced: development of vocal skills, abilities; the need to introduce them into the system of teaching vocal methodology, which is based on the scientific study of national and world experience of vocal pedagogy; synthesis and constant updating of vocal methods, which takes into account the student’s individual characteristics of the voice and creative talent. Originality. After analyzing the artistic and pedagogical activity of Professor P. Holubev we can define certain scientific approaches to educational process, namely: 1) axiological approach; 2) personality-oriented approach; 3) creative and activity approach. Conclusions. Thus, analyzing the musical and pedagogical activities of the outstanding singer, teacher, Professor P.V. Holubev, we can conclude that the features of his vocal pedagogy played an important role in the Kharkiv vocal school. Scientific study of the musical and pedagogical experience of P.V. Holubev became the basis of national and world vocal pedagogy.

Jihad as an Individual Duty (farḍ al-ʻayn) in the Ideology of Circassian Sultans (1382–1517)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-365
Author(s):  
Evgeny I. Zelenev ◽  
Milana Iliushina
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mamluk Period ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects

This article is devoted to the study of the development of the theory and practice of jihad during the rule of the Circassian sultans in Egypt and Syria (1382–1517). The purpose of the study is to trace the development of key aspects of jihad, to identify features of its perception in the Mamluk state. An essential feature of the theory of jihad in the Mamluk period is the interpretation of jihad as farḍ al-ʿayn (the individual duty of every Muslim). While studying the theory of jihad, the authors rely on a holistic and balanced approach justified in the papers of M. Bonner and D. Cook and their interpretation of the concept of jihad, which has a centuries-old history of development and a sophisticated, multi-layered set of meanings. Another methodological basis of the present paper was the concept of minimalism and maximalism, developed by Yusef Waghid. The source base for the study of jihad theory is the works of Ibn al-Nahhas (d. 1411), a prominent philosopher of the Mamluk era. The interpretation of jihad as an individual duty of every Muslim, substantiated by Ibn al-Nahhas, was the foundation of the volunteer movement that developed in Egypt and Syria in the 15th century. The doctrine of jihad where the concepts of justice (al-‘adl) and truth (al-ḥaqq) play a key role, was used by the Mamluks and then by the Ottomans as a powerful ideological tool to manipulate the minds of Muslims. The relevance of the study is that the findings are not only true for the Middle Ages but are directly related to the present.

scholarly journals Research on the Construction of a Student Model of an Adaptive Learning System Based on Cognitive Diagnosis Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Yaqin Fan ◽  
Mingrui Yin ◽  
Cheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Adaptive Learning ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Cognitive Diagnosis ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Student Model ◽  
Adaptive Learning System ◽  
The Individual

With the promotion of online education, the adaptive learning system has attracted attention due to its good curriculum recommendation function. The student model is an important interface between the adaptive learning system and the user, reflecting the individual characteristics, knowledge status, and cognitive ability of the student. The accuracy of the information in the student model directly affects the quality of the system recommendation service. The traditional student model only judges students based on the basic information and simple test scores. This paper introduces the self-adaptive item bank and adaptive item selection strategy based on the cognitive diagnosis theory that dynamically detects the students' knowledge and analyzes the state according to the answering habits and knowledge mastering status of different students. This paper analyzes and contrasts a variety of traditional cognitive diagnosis theories and proposes a mixed cognitive diagnosis question bank and a selection strategy model to provide strong support for the construction of student models.

scholarly journals First-Year Antibiotics Exposure in Relation to Childhood Asthma, Allergies, and Airway Illnesses

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5700
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zou ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Chen Huang ◽  
Chanjuan Sun ◽  
Jialing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Household Environment ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

Background: Associations of early antibiotics exposures with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses are debated. Objectives: We aimed to investigate associations of first-year antibiotics exposure with childhood asthma, allergies, and airway illnesses. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among preschoolers in Shanghai, China during 2011–2012. A questionnaire regarding household environment and lifestyles and childhood health outcomes was reported by the child’s parents. Results: In total, 13,335 questionnaires (response rate: 85.3%) were analyzed and 3049 (24.1%) children had first-year antibiotics exposure. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, first-year antibiotics exposure had significant associations with the higher odds of lifetime-ever pneumonia (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 2.15, 1.95–2.37), croup (1.46, 1.24–1.73), wheeze (1.44, 1.30–1.60), asthma (1.38, 1.19–1.61), food allergy (1.29, 1.13–1.46), and allergic rhinitis (1.23, 1.07–1.41), and as well as current (one year before the survey) common cold (≥3 times) (1.38, 1.25–1.52), dry cough (1.27, 1.13–1.42), atopic dermatitis (1.25, 1.09–1.43), wheeze (1.23, 1.10–1.38), and rhinitis symptoms (1.15, 1.04–1.26). These associations were different in children with different individual characteristics (age, sex, family history of atopy, and district) and other early exposures (breastfeeding, home decoration, pet-keeping, and environmental tobacco smoke). Conclusions: Our results indicate that first-year antibiotics exposure could be a strong risk factor for childhood pneumonia, asthma, allergies, and their related symptoms. The individual characteristics and other early exposures may modify effects of early antibiotic exposure on childhood allergies and airway illnesses.

scholarly journals Individual vulnerabilities to psychosis after antiepileptic drug administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000036
Author(s):  
Nozomi Akanuma ◽  
Naoto Adachi ◽  
Peter Fenwick ◽  
Masumi Ito ◽  
Mitsutoshi Okazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundPsychosis often develops after the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with epilepsy. However, the individual vulnerability and clinical condition of such patients have been rarely scrutinised. We investigated the effect of individually consistent (trait-dependent) and inconsistent (state-dependent) characteristics.MethodsThe individual characteristics, clinical states and psychotic outcome of patients from eight adult epilepsy clinics were retrospectively reviewed over 6-month periods after a new drug (AED or non-AED) administration between 1981 and 2015.ResultsA total of 5018 new drugs (4402 AEDs and 616 non-AEDs) were used in 2015 patients with focal epilepsy. Subsequently, 105 psychotic episodes (81 interictal and 24 postictal) occurred in 89 patients. Twelve patients exhibited multiple episodes after different AED administrations. Trait-dependent characteristics (early onset of epilepsy, known presumed causes of epilepsy, lower intellectual function and a family history of psychosis) were significantly associated with the patients who exhibited psychosis. Absence of family history of epilepsy was also associated with psychosis but not significantly. Subsequent logistic regression analysis with a model incorporating family history of psychosis and epilepsy, and intellectual function was the most appropriate (p=0.000). State-dependent characteristics, including previous psychotic history and epilepsy-related variables (longer duration of epilepsy, AED administration, higher seizure frequency and concomitant use of AEDs) were significantly associated with psychotic episodes. Subsequent analysis found that a model including AED administration and previous psychotic history was the most appropriate (p=0.000).ConclusionPsychosis occurring after new AED administration was related to the individual vulnerability to psychosis and intractability of epilepsy.

Job Loss: Outplacement Programs

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Borgen ◽  
Lee D. Butterfield
Keyword(s):  
Career Counseling ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Outplacement Counseling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Outplacement counseling (OPC) is a form of career counseling that organizations offer to displaced workers to help them deal with job loss, develop job search skills, and successfully transition back into employment. Despite the fact this is a multimillion-dollar business, little is known about its effectiveness, whose best interests are being served (the organization’s or the individual recipient’s), and the measures of success being used. This chapter reviews the history of outplacement; typical services offered by OPC firms; measures of success; individual characteristics that increase participation in and success with OPC; what helps, hinders, or would have helped individual recipients; challenges related to OPC; directions for future outplacement counseling research; where OPC stands today; and what is needed for OPC to help the vulnerable population it is intended to serve.

Imaging and Flow Cytometry: Competing or Complementary Technologies?

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 608-609
Author(s):  
J.Paul Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rich History

Introduction This presentation will follow the pathways to convergence of two very complementary technologies - flow cytometry and imaging. Interestingly, each technology has evolved and matured almost exclusively isolated from the other. in the past several years it has become increasingly clear that these technologies are able to deliver complementary solutions and that when combined the end value of each exceeds the sum of the individual components.History of development Flow cytometry has a rich history over the past 40 years. Ironically, as a technology, flow cytometry was almost a consolation prize to its imaging cousins. in fact, it seems that it might only have been because imaging solutions proved to be technologically difficult that flow cytometry not only thrived, but left the imaging field well behind for nearly 20 years. Initial interest in evaluating differences between normal and cancer cells was almost exclusively attempted by imaging techniques.

Micro-Foundations of Corporate Sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 288-314
Author(s):  
Remy Balarezo ◽  
Paul Corcuera
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research ◽  
Micro Foundations

This chapter introduces readers to the micro-foundation framework in corporate sustainability. Traditionally, strategic management and corporate sustainability research have explained why firms become more sustainable from a macro-level perspective. In recent years, new research has focused on the micro-level mechanism at the individual or group level. This research stream is known as the micro-foundations movement and tries to highlight individual characteristics, knowledge, background, etc. when firms decide to become more sustainable. Through the literature review, the authors tried to identify the studies published in top journals about the micro-foundation framework. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to give a primary introduction and an overview of the micro-foundations framework in corporate sustainability and identify what mechanisms have been found at the micro-level that explain why firms become more sustainable.

Bringing Back the Person into Behavioural Personality Science Using Big Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-686
Author(s):  
Karl–Heinz Renner ◽  
Stephanie Klee ◽  
Timo von Oertzen
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Behaviour and the individual person are important but widely neglected topics of personality psychology. We argue that new technologies to collect and new methods to analyse Big (Behavioural) Data have the potential to bring back both more behaviour and the individual person into personality science. The call for studying the individual person in the history of personality science, the related idiographic/nomothetic divide, as well as attempts to reconcile these two approaches are briefly reviewed. Furthermore, different meanings of the term idiographic and some unique selling points that emphasize the importance of idiographic research are highlighted. A nonexhaustive literature review shows that a wealth of behaviours are considered in extant personality studies using such Big Data but only in a nomothetic way. Against this background, we demonstrate the potential of Big Data collection and analysis with regard to four idiographic research topics: (i) unique manifestations of common traits and the resurgence of personal dispositions, (ii) idiographic prediction, (iii) intraindividual consistency versus variability of behaviour and (iv) intraindividual personality trait change through intervention. Methodological, ethical and legal pitfalls of doing Big Data research with individual persons as well as potential countermeasures are considered.

scholarly journals Experience Rating Schemes for Fleets of Vehicles

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Desjardins ◽  
Georges Dionne ◽  
Jean Pinquet
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Experience Rating ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis paper proposes bonus-malus systems for fleets of vehicles, by using the individual characteristics of both the vehicles and the carriers. Bonus-malus coefficients are computed from the history of claims or from the history of safety offences of the carriers and the drivers. The empirical results are derived from a data set obtained from the Société de l'Assurance Automobile du Québec, the public insurer for bodily injuries and the regulator of road safety.

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