Paulo Freire in Chile, 1964–1969: Pedagogy of the Oppressed in Its Sociopolitical Economic Context

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN HOLST
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Pedagogy Of The Oppressed ◽  
Pedagogical Growth

In this article, John Holst presents findings of his historical research on Paulo Freire's educational work in Chile from 1964 to 1969. Freire's Education as the Practice of Freedom, which was written in 1965 from notes he brought from Brazil, was informed by a liberal developmentalist outlook. In contrast, his Pedagogy of the Oppressed, written toward the end of his stay in Chile from 1967 to 1968, was influenced by Marxist humanist ideology. Considering this relatively rapid change in Freire's educational philosophy, Holst explores the manner in which Freire's time and work in Chile affected his ideological evolution. Holst contributes to Freirean studies by demonstrating that Freire's work in the Chilean political context proved to be decisive in his ideological and pedagogical growth. Freire's ideological evolution inspired his writing of Pedagogy of the Oppressed, widely considered one of the most important books on education in the twentieth century. Ultimately, Holst argues that Freire's pedagogy, like all pedagogy, can only be understood fully when seen within the specific sociopolitical and economic contexts within which it developed. Pedagogies are collective in nature, and Freire's, as he himself recognized, was no exception.

Review Essay: Pedagogy, Politics and Intellectual Life: Freire in the Age of the Market, Pedagogy of Indignation

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-458
Author(s):  
Peter Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Key Questions

Paulo Freire is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential educationists of the twentieth century. Eight years after his death, Freire's work continues to generate considerable interest among scholars and activists across the globe. This review essay addresses some of the key questions and issues raised in a new book of previously unpublished letters and other writings by Freire: Pedagogy of Indignation (Paradigm, 2004). The review sets this book in the context of Freire's biography, his politics and his educational philosophy. Particular attention is paid to a somewhat neglected theme in commentaries on Freire's work: his stance on the roles and responsibilities of the critical intellectual. It is argued that Freire's approach to intellectual life, for all of its shortcomings and flaws, remains relevant and important in a policy environment dominated by neo-liberal agendas.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

Female Representation in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Pachón ◽  
Santiago E. Lacouture
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
Almost All

Mónica Pachón and Santiago E. Lacouture examine the case of Colombia and show that women’s representation has been low and remains low in most arenas of representation and across national and subnational levels of government. The authors identify institutions and the highly personalized Colombian political context as the primary reasons for this. Despite the fact that Colombia was an electoral democracy through almost all of the twentieth century, it was one of the last countries in the region to grant women political rights. Still, even given women’s small numbers, they do bring women’s issues to the political arena. Pachón and Lacoutre show that women are more likely to sponsor bills on women-focused topics, which may ultimately lead to greater substantive representation of women in Colombia.

scholarly journals ‘From Zionism to Communism’: Emilio Sereni and the Consiglio di Gestione in postwar Italy

Modern Italy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Andrea Bonfanti
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Postwar Italy

This essay demonstrates that it is impossible to appreciate the actions of the Italian communist Emilio Sereni without considering his Zionist background. Anyone who is interested in understanding the complexities of communism in the past century and to avoid simplistic conclusions about this ideology will benefit from the study. The problem at stake is that researchers often approach communism in a monolithic manner, which does not adequately explain the multiform manifestations (practical and theoretical) of that phenomenon. This ought to change and to this extent this essay hopes to contribute to that recent strand of historical research that challenges simplistic views on communism. More specifically, by analysing the Management Councils that Sereni created in postwar Italy, we can see that many of their features in fact derived from, or found their deepest origins in, his previous experience as a committed socialist Zionist. The study, then, also relates Sereni to and looks at the broader experiences of early twentieth-century Zionism and Italian communism in the early postwar years.

John Hinshaw, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002. 320 pp. $75.50 cloth; $25.95 paper

2004 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 227-229
Author(s):  
Ruth Needleman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
State University ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Growing Body

Richly descriptive and well documented, Steel and Steelworkers: Race and Class Struggle in Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh by John Hinshaw makes a significant contribution to the growing body of historical research on steel unionism in the twentieth century. Over the past few years, a number of new studies have broadened our understanding of unionization and work practices in the nation's steel mills, by examining in greater detail the patterns of organization in specific mills and mill towns.

scholarly journals Educação popular e emancipação: a "Pedagogia do oprimido" como projeto contra-hegemônico das classes subalternas / Popular education and emancipation...

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
José Henrique Singolano Néspoli
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Work ◽  
Pedagogy Of The Oppressed ◽  
Popular Classes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

O artigo pretende examinar as relações entre educação popular e emancipação presentes na Pedagogia do Oprimido desenvolvida por Paulo Freire. Segundo este autor, as práticas de educação popular se definem fundamentalmente pelas relações que elas estabelecem com as lutas emancipatórias empreendidas pelos oprimidos. Deste ponto de vista, o texto procura analisar o processo de constituição e emergência histórica do método Paulo Freire no cenário político e educacional brasileiro dos anos 1960 tendo por objetivo examinar as relações que a Pedagogia do Oprimido estabeleceu com as lutas dos trabalhadores e das camadas populares pela emancipação das classes subalternas naquele contexto. Com base nesta perspectiva, o texto aborda a Pedagogia do Oprimido não como uma obra individual de um autor específico, mas como expressão orgânica das classes subalternas e de seu projeto contra hegemônico de transformação da sociedade.Palavras-chave: História e filosofia da educação, educação e política, Paulo Freire, emancipação das classes subalternas. Abstract: The article aims to examine the relationship between popular education and emancipation present in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed developed by Paulo Freire. According to this author, the practices of popular education are fundamentally defined by the relations they establish with the emancipatory struggles undertaken by the oppressed. From this point of view, the text seeks to analyze the process of constitution and historical emergence of the Paulo Freire method in the Brazilian political and educational scenario of the 1960s with the objective of examining the relations that the Pedagogy of the Oppressed established with the struggles of workers and the popular classes for the emancipation of the subaltern classes in that context. From this perspective, the text approaches the Pedagogy of the Oppressed not as an individual work of a specific author, but as an organic expression of the subaltern classes and their counter-hegemonic project of transformation of society.Keywords: History and philosophy of education, education and politics, Paulo Freire, emancipation of subaltern classes.

scholarly journals Mission or money?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Keynote Presentation ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge

Keynote presentation. The current debates about the future of academic publishing have generated much discussion about the most appropriate way to support financially the widespread circulation of knowledge. Yet there have been debates about this since at least the 1890s. Drawing upon my historical research, I will describe how scholarly publishing has a long history of not making money. Indeed, until the mid-twentieth century, its costs were frequently sponsored (i.e. subsidised) by learned societies, by universities, by government and by private donors. It was only in the early Cold War years, in a time of expanding output of research, that mission-driven publishers began to seriously focus on sales income as a means of covering costs; and then, later, as a means of generating income. Should publishing be treated as mission, or as a means to mission? My talk will seek to untangle the historical relationship between publishing, money-making and scholarly mission.

scholarly journals Prosvita Society in Volyn in 1918 – 1939: The Formation and Functioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (48) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Ivan Tychyna
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the history study of the formation and functioning of district societies «Prosvita»in Volyn between the two world wars. The formation of the public-educational organization in Volyn was in 1918 and functioned up to the end of the 30s of the twentieth century in the region, until it was banned by the Polish authorities. The article analyzes the main directions of the educational work of the society, national cultural work on the background of development and changes in socio-political relations. The role of the Ukrainian intellectuals in the preservation and development of culture and education in Volyn voivodeship between the two world wars was revealed. The author highlighted the achievements and untapped opportunities of the district Prosvita in Volyn, the difficulties and problems, which the society faced and followed the relationship between Prosvita and the Polish state administration in Volyn voivodeship. Keywords: Prosvita, Volyn, Volyn voivodeship, Galicia, Polish authorities, Ukrainian schooling, publishing, reading libraries, repressions, de-nationalization

scholarly journals ФОРМУВАННЯ СТИЛІСТИКИ АРТИСТИЗМУ У САМОДІЯЛЬНОМУ ОРКЕСТРОВОМУ ВИКОНАВСТВІ УКРАЇНИ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4(44)) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Ірина Смірнова
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Further Development

In the article by I. Smirnova, the problem of the formation of the style of artistry in the amateur orchestral performance of Ukraine and the functioning of orchestral collectives in the conditions of the formation of artistic amateur activities and in the educational work in Ukraine of the 20th and 3rd years of the 20th century is considered. The urgency of the work is due to the fact that the specificity of the formation of amateur orchestral performance in the Ukrainian musical culture of this period is not sufficiently studied, although it played a prominent role in the further development of domestic amateur collective music. The object of attention was the enlightenment movement in Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century - one of the brightest phenomena of cultural life of that period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document