scholarly journals Specific of Hemp Fiber ’ S Plastic Composite Projection

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgars Kirilovs ◽  
Rita Soliženko ◽  
Silvija Kukle
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Matrix

In the report there are reflected research results of new board type biocomposites creation for furniture and equipment manufacturing for public segment, replacing traditional petroleum-based components with fully or partly renewable, biodegradable raw materials as one of the major global environmental problems today is non-renewable resource depletion and waste of petroleum-based plastic products. Performed research of biopolymer composites development shows that they are cheaper, environmentally friendlier, lighter, more easily to recycle and to dispose at the end of the product life cycle. For biopolymer’s reinforcement industrial flax and hemp fibers in terms of mechanical qualities are competitive with the glass fiber, they are strong enough in many applications, CO2 neutral, have a relatively low cost, low production energy requirements. By creating new biocomposites it is taken into account that the designed material mechanical properties are mainly dependent on the fiber mass in the matrix, orientation and adhesion to the matrix material. The maximum theoretical amount of fiber weight in composite can reach 91%, specific weight of the fiber component used in practice is usually between 45-65%, but can reach also 70%. For improvement of the adhesion the chemical treatment and drying of the fibers need to be done, also adjuvants that promote development of the hydroxyl group links should be incorporated in the matrix.

Mechanical Properties of Paper Thermosetting Resin Composites by Various Paper Materials

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Kitamura ◽  
Qianjin Zhang ◽  
Kanta Ito ◽  
Suguru Teramura ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Thermosetting Resin ◽  
Paper Recycling ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Fracture Area ◽  
Wood Consumption

Recycling and reusing is a noticeable method for environment protecting. Recycled paper is one of the most successful cases as it contributes to energy saving, low cost, low wood consumption and environmental protection. During paper recycling process, many different kinds of raw materials can be used. Paperboards made of different raw materials showed different properties. In this study, three kinds of raw materials were selected to fabricate paperboards respectively combining with thermosetting resin, paperboards reinforced plastic composite was laminated by hand layup method. Detailed observation were carried out to analysis the molding stations including the tensile property which was investigated on both unnotched and notched specimens, besides, to investigate the anisotropy, tensile test was conducted on the specimens both in machine rolling direction and transverse direction. SEM was also employed to observe the materials and fracture area respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Manufacturing Variables of Binderless Panels Made of Leaves of Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.) Pruning Waste

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia ◽  
Teresa Garcia Ortuño ◽  
Francisco Mata-Cabrera ◽  
Manuel Ferrandez-Villena
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Olive Industry ◽  
Tree Pruning

While the construction industry consumes more raw materials than any other industrial sector, agriculture generates a large amount of waste that is not managed properly. The olive industry produces more than 7.5 million tons of waste that could be recovered. This paper presents a new method to valorize the leaves of olive tree pruning waste consisting of the manufacture of ecologic boards without adhesives by hot pressing. In order to analyze their influence, three manufacturing variables were varied to obtain the boards: leaf type (shredded and whole leaves), temperature (130, 140 and 150 °C) and time (4, and 12 min). Twenty-four boards were made and were then tested for their mechanical, physical and thermal properties according to the EN standards. The boards showed good results of thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA) and of thermal conductivity and can be used as an alternative for manufacturing thermal insulation boards. With a smaller particle size of shredded leaves, longer pressing times and higher pressing temperatures, the mechanical behavior of the boards could improve. The olive leaves are a low-cost renewable resource, and manufacturing products with a long, useful life can be beneficial to the environment.

Characterization of new structural core materials based on vinyl ester and hollow ceramic microspheres

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
S R Ayers ◽  
G M Van Erp
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Core Materials

A new class of structural core material has been developed at the University of Southern Queensland for applications of composite materials in civil and structural engineering. These materials combine polymer resins with hollow ceramic microspheres to produce core materials with high structural capacity at low cost. A number of prototype structural elements using these materials have displayed significant potential for application in civil engineering structures. An ongoing research programme has been initiated to improve fundamental understanding of these materials and to provide the knowledge required for broad utilization. This current study has investigated the behaviour of core material formulations based on vinyl ester resins and hollow ceramic cenospheres. Investigations have focused on identifying key relationships between the constituent materials and resulting mechanical properties of the core material. A variety of matrix and filler characteristics have been examined. This work has shown that, at the type of filler levels considered feasible for structural engineering applications (vf > 30 per cent), the behaviour of the material is largely determined by the filler particles, with only minimal influence from the matrix material. Further investigations are continuing to quantify these effects and to develop predictive models for key relationships.

scholarly journals Green Sound-Absorbing Composite Materials of Various Structure and Profiling

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Eulalia Gliscinska ◽  
Javier Perez de Amezaga ◽  
Marina Michalak ◽  
Izabella Krucinska
Keyword(s):  
Sound Wave ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Flax Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Positive Effect

This article presents thermoplastic sound-absorbing composites manufactured on the basis of renewable raw materials. Both the reinforcing material and the matrix material were biodegradable and used in the form of fibers. In order to mix flax fibers with polylactide fibers, the fleece was fabricated with a mechanical system and then needle-punched. The sound absorption of composites obtained from a multilayer structure of nonwovens pressed at different conditions was investigated. The sound absorption coefficient in the frequency ranging from 500 Hz to 6400 Hz was determined using a Kundt tube. The tests were performed for flat composites with various structures, profiled composites, and composite/pre-pressed nonwoven systems. Profiling the composite plate by convexity/concavity has a positive effect on its sound absorption. It is also important to arrange the plate with the appropriate structure for the incident sound wave. For the composite layer with an added pre-pressed nonwoven layer, a greater increase in sound absorption occurs for the system when a rigid composite layer is located on the side of the incident sound wave. The addition of successive nonwoven layers not only increases the absorption but also extends the maximum absorption range from the highest frequencies towards the lower frequencies.

Study on Alloyed Surface Layer of Wear Resistant Castings by Evaporable Pattern Castings Infiltration Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Da Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Alloyed Surface ◽  
High Boron

Wear-resistant casting was made by V-EPC infiltration process. This paper puts forward and analyses the mechanical properties and forming mechanism of the layer. The matrix material was high boron steel casting. By partial casting alloyed, the surface composite materials layer was ceramic particles, such as WC, Ferrochromium, and Borax, etc. High boron molten metal was infiltrated into the composite layer and a good cast-infiltration layer may be formed by the interaction of vacuum and high temperature. The test result shows that using this process we can get the casting surface which is special abrasion-resistance with the remarkable characteristics such as simple process and low cost. It is a new process that wear-resistant casting will be made of.

Physical and mechanical properties of polyurethane thermoset matrices reinforced with green coconut fibres

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (30) ◽  
pp. 4841-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Lamounier Faria ◽  
Laércio Mesquita Júnior ◽  
Ana Angélica Resende ◽  
Daiane Erika Lopes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Coconut Fibre

Currently, the use of composites to replace parts made only with plastics has been gradually employed. The advantages of these composites are low cost, high availability of raw materials and good physical and mechanical properties. Thus, this work aimed at producing and characterizing composites produced with coconut fibre reinforced polyurethane matrices. The coconut fibres were studied as to their chemical constituents, aspect ratio, bulk density, pH, tensile properties, and surface SEM images. The composites were prepared using the hand lay-up process and four different concentrations of coconut fibre were evaluated: 30, 40, 50, and 60%. The composites were assessed as for water absorption after 20 days of immersion, bulk density, impact IZOD, tensile tests, and visualize the matrix-reinforcement interface using SEM. The electron micrographs showed a great deal of impurities on the surface of coconut fibres, such as greases, waxes, and gums, due to the high amount of extraction material (19.78%), which damages the adherence of the polymer onto the coconut fibre and, as observed, cause detachment between the reinforcement and the matrix. The tensile strength of the composites tended to increase as greater amounts of coconut fibres were added to the matrix. The averages were around 6.51 to 6.72 MPa for composites with 30 and 60% fibres, respectively. Therefore, coconut fibres can be considered as an alternative to synthetic fibres commonly used in composites, and they can be used at a ratio of 60% without prejudicing the properties of the composites, making them lighter and cheaper.

Study on Synthesis and Paper-Plastic Composite Property of Maleic Rosin Modified Acrylic Resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 462-465
Author(s):  
Jin Yan ◽  
Guang Xue Chen ◽  
Shuang Shuang Wen ◽  
Xiao Meng Cui ◽  
Zhen Cai Qu
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Rosin Ester

In this paper, allyl maleated rosin ester was synthesized by the esterification of maleic rosin and allyl alcohol with catalyst. And then a new waterborne paper-plastic composite adhesive was prepared through the semi-continuous emulsion polymerization method with allyl maleated rosin ester, butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate and acrylic acid as raw materials. The product of esterification was analyzed by IR spectra, and its acid value was determined too. Polymer was analyzed by DSC and IR spectra and its T-style peel strength was determined. The adsorption effect of adhesives to ink was also tested. The results showed that this paper-plastic composite adhesive had good adhesive properties: excellent compatibility with the ink, longer stability period, and low cost.

Electrical Characterization and Nanoindentation of Opto-electro-mechanical Percolative Composites from 2D Layered Materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (60) ◽  
pp. 3741-3747
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Catalán ◽  
Ricardo Martínez ◽  
Yirong Lin ◽  
Anupama B. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
2D Layered Materials ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Graphite Composites

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have developed composites with Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the matrix material, while transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MoS2 and WS2 and graphite served as the filler materials. The PMMA was chosen as the matrix material due to its low-cost, wide availability, as well as its promising mechanical and optical properties for enabling opto-electro-mechanical sensing devices. The amount of filler material used ranged from 100 mg/ml up to 400 mg/ml. With the aid of designed fixtures we related the electrical properties of the PMMA-based composite sensors to the degree of strain or deformation. Additionally, a nanoindenter was used to measure the modulus of elasticity, with values as low as 2 GPa and as high as 20 GPa for the graphite composites, and hardness values which ranged from 0.1 GPa to ∼ 1.6 GPa.

Mechanical Behavior of Self-Compacting Soil-Cement-Sisal Fiber Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 634 ◽  
pp. 421-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P.S. Martins ◽  
F.A. Silva ◽  
R.D. Toledo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Strength ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sisal Fibers

The aim of this research is the development and mechanical characterization of self-compacting soil cement composites with the incorporation of fly ash, metakaolin and sisal fibers. The mentioned composites, based on natural raw materials (raw earth and vegetable fibers), which are abundant in nature and have low cost and low environmental impact could be used as a more sustainable alternative than conventional industrialized materials for applications that don ́t require high structural performance (minimum strength equals to 2 MPa). A residual soil, constituted by 35% of fines and 65% of granular material was selected and the matrix was designed using a computational routine, based on the compressible packing model (CPM). The rheology of the matrix was adjusted by the slump flow test having as a target the spreading value of 600 mm. The matrix presented uniaxial compression strength of about 3.3 MPa after 28 days of curing. After 240 days of curing it was noticed an increase in the compressive strength to 7.5 MPa. This can be traced back to the pozzolanic reactions that takes place in the system. The soil cement composites were produced with three different sisal fiber contents: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% (in relation to the weight of dry soil) and a fiber length (Le) of 20 mm. Under compression, the incorporation of fibers has significantly influenced the post-peak behavior, increasing the toughness and the strain capacity. Under four point bending loading, the presence of fibers have contributed to increase the peak strength and the residual strength with expressive gains of toughness. The composites presented strength values as high as 1.8 MPa (1.0% of fibers) when they were subjected to bending loads. The use of sisal fibers as reinforcement modified the fracture mechanisms of the composites, changing it from a brittle to a ductile behavior.

Effect of Phosphate and Nitrate Electrolytes on Growth of Ceramic Coatings on 2021 Al Alloys Prepared by Electrolytic Plasma Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1035-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Sik Byeon ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Chan Gyu Lee ◽  
Yeon Gil Jung ◽  
Bon Heun Koo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Electrolytic Plasma Processing ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Alkaline Electrolytes ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

2021 series aluminum alloy is used as the matrix material for its wide application in engineering to make AlON coating layers by the electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) method. The experiments were carried out on 2021 Al alloys in alkaline electrolytes which are eco-friendly and low-cost. The experimental electrolyte composition includes: 2g/L NaOH as the electrolytic conductive agent, 6~14g/L Na3PO4 as alumina formative agent, 0.5g/L NaNO3 as a nitrogen inducing agent. The effects of phosphate content variation are evaluated by a combined composition and structure analysis of the coating layer using with Philips-X’Pert X-ray diffractometer, JSM 5610 scanning electron microscopy for the specimens EPP-treated at room temperature in 10 min under a hybrid voltage (260V DC + 200V AC-50Hz). In addition, microhardness of the ceramic coatings was measured to correlate the evolution of microstructure and resulting mechanical properties. The wear tests show that a composite of AlON-Al2O3 high anti-abrasive coating formed as a result of a reactive process between Al in the alloy itself and O-N supplied by the electrolyte.

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