Characterization of new structural core materials based on vinyl ester and hollow ceramic microspheres

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
S R Ayers ◽  
G M Van Erp
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Core Materials

A new class of structural core material has been developed at the University of Southern Queensland for applications of composite materials in civil and structural engineering. These materials combine polymer resins with hollow ceramic microspheres to produce core materials with high structural capacity at low cost. A number of prototype structural elements using these materials have displayed significant potential for application in civil engineering structures. An ongoing research programme has been initiated to improve fundamental understanding of these materials and to provide the knowledge required for broad utilization. This current study has investigated the behaviour of core material formulations based on vinyl ester resins and hollow ceramic cenospheres. Investigations have focused on identifying key relationships between the constituent materials and resulting mechanical properties of the core material. A variety of matrix and filler characteristics have been examined. This work has shown that, at the type of filler levels considered feasible for structural engineering applications (vf > 30 per cent), the behaviour of the material is largely determined by the filler particles, with only minimal influence from the matrix material. Further investigations are continuing to quantify these effects and to develop predictive models for key relationships.

Effect of surface treatment of natural reinforcement on thermal and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer network-based biocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Jagesh Kumar Ranjan ◽  
Sudipta Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fibre Surface ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Vinyl Silane ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fibre Loading

Kenaf fibre-reinforced vinyl ester (VE)/polyurethane (PU) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-based composites were made by hand lay-up technique. The kenaf bast fibre was chemically treated with 3, 6 and 9% vinyl silane. Treated fibres were characterized in terms of crystallinity, mechanical strength, density, thermal property and morphology. In comparison with the untreated fibre, 6% silane-treated fibres showed 25.4% higher % crystallinity, 66.9% increase in modulus elasticity and 604.2% increase in tenacity. Comparison of the pure VE with VE/PU IPN showed that the IPN had 3.3% lower modulus but 26.4% higher toughness than the former. Composites based on pure VE matrix and VE/PU IPN matrix were manufactured with the variation of untreated and treated fibre loading as 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 wt%. Novelty of this work lies in the modification of both the fibre surface and the matrix system simultaneously with the aim of increasing the adhesion between the fibre surface and matrix material of the composite. Composites with untreated fibres showed poor strength compared to that with modified fibres having corresponding compositions. IPN-based composites, with 35 wt% silane-treated fibre, showed improvement in tensile modulus by 16.61% and flexural modulus by 6.35% than pure VE-based composites with corresponding fibre loading.

scholarly journals Effect of Green Hybrid Fillers Loading on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Vinyl Ester Composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaprasad Nagaraj ◽  
VigneshVenkataraman Venkataraman ◽  
Karthik Babu NB ◽  
Stalin Balasubramaniam ◽  
Leta Tesfaye Jule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Hybrid Filler ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The need of eco-friendly materials has been attracted due to renewability, abundance availability, low cost, and so on. Therefore, the search for bio fillers for the production of bio-based composite materials is gaining more and more attention in both academic and industry circles because it promotes sustainability. The present study represents the utilization of biomass solid waste in the hybrid form of tamarind seed and date seed powder into polymer reinforced composite which has been explored for the first time by a compression molding technique. These fillers are bio-waste that can be obtained at a minimal cost from renewable sources. An attempt has been made to use these hybrid fillers to reinforce with the matrix ranging from 0 to 50 wt.%, and their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties were investigated. In general, the inclusion of hybrid fillers increases mechanical properties, although the addition of hybrid fillers had only a minor impact on thermal properties. When compared to the pure vinyl ester resin, the hybrid fillers reinforced composites revealed a significant improvement in tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness properties, with improvements of 1.51 times, 1.44 times, 1.87 times, and 1.46 times respectively, at 10 wt.% filler loading. Filler matrix interaction of fractured mechanical testing samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscope. Based on the findings, hybrid filler reinforced composites may be suitable for applications where cost is a consideration and where minor compromises in thermal qualities are acceptable.

scholarly journals Plastic Optical Fibre Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring: A Review of Recent Progress

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. C. Kuang ◽  
S. T. Quek ◽  
C. G. Koh ◽  
W. J. Cantwell ◽  
P. J. Scully
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Structural Health ◽  
Optical Fibre Sensors

While a number of literature reviews have been published in recent times on the applications of optical fibre sensors in smart structures research, these have mainly focused on the use of conventional glass-based fibres. The availability of inexpensive, rugged, and large-core plastic-based optical fibres has resulted in growing interest amongst researchers in their use as low-cost sensors in a variety of areas including chemical sensing, biomedicine, and the measurement of a range of physical parameters. The sensing principles used in plastic optical fibres are often similar to those developed in glass-based fibres, but the advantages associated with plastic fibres render them attractive as an alternative to conventional glass fibres, and their ability to detect and measure physical parameters such as strain, stress, load, temperature, displacement, and pressure makes them suitable for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. Increasingly their applications as sensors in the field of structural engineering are being studied and reported in literature. This article will provide a concise review of the applications of plastic optical fibre sensors for monitoring the integrity of engineering structures in the context of SHM.

Study on Alloyed Surface Layer of Wear Resistant Castings by Evaporable Pattern Castings Infiltration Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Da Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Alloyed Surface ◽  
High Boron

Wear-resistant casting was made by V-EPC infiltration process. This paper puts forward and analyses the mechanical properties and forming mechanism of the layer. The matrix material was high boron steel casting. By partial casting alloyed, the surface composite materials layer was ceramic particles, such as WC, Ferrochromium, and Borax, etc. High boron molten metal was infiltrated into the composite layer and a good cast-infiltration layer may be formed by the interaction of vacuum and high temperature. The test result shows that using this process we can get the casting surface which is special abrasion-resistance with the remarkable characteristics such as simple process and low cost. It is a new process that wear-resistant casting will be made of.

Electrical Characterization and Nanoindentation of Opto-electro-mechanical Percolative Composites from 2D Layered Materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (60) ◽  
pp. 3741-3747
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Catalán ◽  
Ricardo Martínez ◽  
Yirong Lin ◽  
Anupama B. Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
2D Layered Materials ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Graphite Composites

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we have developed composites with Poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the matrix material, while transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MoS2 and WS2 and graphite served as the filler materials. The PMMA was chosen as the matrix material due to its low-cost, wide availability, as well as its promising mechanical and optical properties for enabling opto-electro-mechanical sensing devices. The amount of filler material used ranged from 100 mg/ml up to 400 mg/ml. With the aid of designed fixtures we related the electrical properties of the PMMA-based composite sensors to the degree of strain or deformation. Additionally, a nanoindenter was used to measure the modulus of elasticity, with values as low as 2 GPa and as high as 20 GPa for the graphite composites, and hardness values which ranged from 0.1 GPa to ∼ 1.6 GPa.

Geochemistry of orbicular diorite from the Grenville Front zone, eastern Labrador

1992 ◽  
Vol 56 (385) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Victor Owen
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Eu Anomaly ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Elevated Water ◽  
Front Zone

AbstractOrbicules in diorite from the Grenville Front zone of eastern Labrador consist of biotite- and/or hornblende-studded, dioritic cores enclosed by fine-grained shell structures alternately enriched and depleted in biotite. The orbicules occur in a mesocratic, quartz-bearing matrix. Epidote of inferred magmatic origin occurs in all parts of the rock. Plagioclase in the matrix is relatively sodic, and biotite more ferroan than in the orbicules, suggesting that the matrix material has the most evolved composition, and crystallized last.The diorite is unusually aluminous (orbicules: 24.9-27.4 wt.% Al2O3; matrix: 22.4-23.6% Al2O3) and calcic (orbicules: 7.0-8.4 wt.% CaO; matrix: 6.0-6.9% CaO); it shows a positive Eu anomaly, and has elevated Sr concentrations (1800-2500 ppm Sr), demonstrating that, compositionally, it resembles a plagioclase cumulate. Mass-balance calculations suggest that the orbicule cores had a crystal/melt ratio of ≤5. This accounts for the extreme fractionation of the rock (e.g., in orbicules, Zr <5 ppm). Compared with fractional crystallization patterns, variation diagrams show counter-trends (e.g. the siliceous matrix contains elevated TiO2) or scatter for several components, suggesting that the crystal/melt ratio governed some of the geochemical characteristics of the diorite.The presence of coarse mafic clots containing primary epidote, biotite and/or hornblende testify to an elevated water content in the orbieule cores. The shell magma apparently formed as a result of the interaction of supercooled orbicule core fluids with the matrix magma, and tended to serve as a reservoir for alkalis and Fe. Alkalis and Ca diffused in opposite directions, possibly as a result of a temperature gradient at the orbicule/matrix interface. This, however, requires decoupling of the thermodiffusional behaviour of alkalis and femic components in hydrated intermediate magma, which contrasts with documented Soret diffusion in mafic systems.The solidification of the shell magma prior, to the orbicule cores and matrix is attributed to dewatering, consistent with the fine grain size of the shell structures. Except where remobilized core material has disrupted the shells, the cores crystallized in isolation from the matrix, which fractionated toward a more evolved composition.

Effect of Phosphate and Nitrate Electrolytes on Growth of Ceramic Coatings on 2021 Al Alloys Prepared by Electrolytic Plasma Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1035-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Sik Byeon ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Chan Gyu Lee ◽  
Yeon Gil Jung ◽  
Bon Heun Koo
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Electrolytic Plasma Processing ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Alkaline Electrolytes ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure

2021 series aluminum alloy is used as the matrix material for its wide application in engineering to make AlON coating layers by the electrolytic plasma processing (EPP) method. The experiments were carried out on 2021 Al alloys in alkaline electrolytes which are eco-friendly and low-cost. The experimental electrolyte composition includes: 2g/L NaOH as the electrolytic conductive agent, 6~14g/L Na3PO4 as alumina formative agent, 0.5g/L NaNO3 as a nitrogen inducing agent. The effects of phosphate content variation are evaluated by a combined composition and structure analysis of the coating layer using with Philips-X’Pert X-ray diffractometer, JSM 5610 scanning electron microscopy for the specimens EPP-treated at room temperature in 10 min under a hybrid voltage (260V DC + 200V AC-50Hz). In addition, microhardness of the ceramic coatings was measured to correlate the evolution of microstructure and resulting mechanical properties. The wear tests show that a composite of AlON-Al2O3 high anti-abrasive coating formed as a result of a reactive process between Al in the alloy itself and O-N supplied by the electrolyte.

scholarly journals Specific of Hemp Fiber ’ S Plastic Composite Projection

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgars Kirilovs ◽  
Rita Soliženko ◽  
Silvija Kukle
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Matrix

In the report there are reflected research results of new board type biocomposites creation for furniture and equipment manufacturing for public segment, replacing traditional petroleum-based components with fully or partly renewable, biodegradable raw materials as one of the major global environmental problems today is non-renewable resource depletion and waste of petroleum-based plastic products. Performed research of biopolymer composites development shows that they are cheaper, environmentally friendlier, lighter, more easily to recycle and to dispose at the end of the product life cycle. For biopolymer’s reinforcement industrial flax and hemp fibers in terms of mechanical qualities are competitive with the glass fiber, they are strong enough in many applications, CO2 neutral, have a relatively low cost, low production energy requirements. By creating new biocomposites it is taken into account that the designed material mechanical properties are mainly dependent on the fiber mass in the matrix, orientation and adhesion to the matrix material. The maximum theoretical amount of fiber weight in composite can reach 91%, specific weight of the fiber component used in practice is usually between 45-65%, but can reach also 70%. For improvement of the adhesion the chemical treatment and drying of the fibers need to be done, also adjuvants that promote development of the hydroxyl group links should be incorporated in the matrix.

Fabrications of cellulose nanocomposite for tailor-made applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112093205
Author(s):  
Muhamad Fareez Ismail ◽  
Ainil Hawa Jasni ◽  
Der Jiun Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Low Toxicity

The unique properties of nanocelluloses (NCs), including nanodimension, renewability, low toxicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy availability, and low cost, render them the ideal nanomaterials for diverse applications. Composite material consists of matrix material with low volume fraction and self-assembled NC fibers with a high volume fraction of reinforcing domain. These two-phase components are often combined to promote stiffness and improve toughness (by dissipating materials fracture energy). The challenge, however, is to control the alignment and distribution of NC within the matrix. Recent research has been focusing on the production of composites using different methodologies such as electrospun cellulose nanofibers, polymer-grafted NC, nanoparticle binding on NCs, assembly of NCs at the air/water and oil/water interfaces, protein-mediated interactions on NCs, and atomic layer deposition on NCs. In this case, NC serves as an appropriate candidate for composites preparation in comparison to the non-biodegradable nanofillers (e.g. carbon nanoclay and nanotube).

scholarly journals TENSILE PROPERTIES OF SURFACE TREATED COIR FIBRE REINFORCED POLYETHYLENE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
K.F.K. Oyedeko ◽  
H.O. Opaleye ◽  
G.O. Shonaike
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
The Matrix

The need to pursue an environmentally safer future has prompted the researchers to look beyond the inorganic fibre-based composites and engage in putting more thought into the utilization of natural fibre-based polymer composites. Although inorganic fibres, such as glass and carbon have a lot of advantages but we can owe its declining use in recent years to high initial cost, non-biodegradability, non-renewability, high energy consumption in manufacturing process and adverse environmental impacts. Natural fibres however more than compensate for their poor compatibility with the matrix, inherent high moisture absorption rate with their positive attributes like low cost, low density, non-abrasivity, good thermal properties, enhanced energy recovery and bio degradability. This work is aimed at investigating the effect of alkali treatment and fibre load on the tensile properties and hardness properties of coir fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Polypropylene (PP) was used as the matrix resin and coir fibre (CF) as the reinforcing agent. The brown coconut fibres were pulled out and extracted manually from the coconut husks. To ensure proper interaction between fibre and matrix material, the outermost wax layer of the coir was removed by soaking the coir in hot water. The coir fibres are then prepared for treatment with NaOH solution to improve its surface properties and provide better adhesion with the matrix after the removal of lignin and pectin from the surface of the fibre. The tensile properties indicated that both the strength and modulus increased with increasing fibre content. However, in this investigation, the maximum fibre content is 20%. It could have been more than this but we encountered processing problem. Alkaline treated samples had higher tensile properties than untreated samples. The hardness of the material is not significantly affected by the surface treatment.

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