scholarly journals Problematic Issues of a Signature Examination as a Small Volume Handwriting Object

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
I. A. Yaroshchuk ◽  
K. V. Grinevich

The paper highlights the current state of the theory and practice of forensic handwriting analysis of signatures, main provisions and definitions. Topical issues of the study of signatures as a kind of small volume handwriting objects are considered. The problems of the study of a signature produced by using high-tech devices, i.e. plotters, or draft machines, are touched upon. The authors carry out an analysis of such objects taking into account the pressure characteristics of the signature, the differentiation of the original signature and its imitation. The problems of the study of signatures made with the help of copiers and the ways of their solution are considered. Some topical problems of the theory and practice of forensic handwriting examination are presented, the need to adapt the theoretical provisions of certain private methods to modern handwriting objects is indicated. In addition, the paper deals with the use of special knowledge of experts in the field of forensic handwriting studies and technical and forensic examination of documents.

Author(s):  
Nataliya Filipenko ◽  
Oleksandr Snigeryov

This article analyzes the conceptual foundations, views and ideas on understanding the essence of expert prevention. Essence of expert prevention lies in the influence of relevant subjects on crime through the use of specific expertise. That means that subject of forensic examination of each kind and type should be attributed to the study of circumstances on the basis of which scientific, organizational and technical measures of a preventive nature can and should be developed. The empirical prerequisites for the emergence and development of forensic research have been investigated: accumulation of empirical facts in the theory of forensic science and other sciences, manifestation of integration processes. Formation of theoretical and applied foundations of private theory of expert prevention. The concept and structure of the private theory of expert prevention, its place and role in the theory of forensic science and judicial examination are considered. It is noted that the study of the current state of the theory and practice of private expert theory has allowed to establish that it has a common beginning and justification. Private theory of expert prevention as a system of interconnectedness includes: idea, principles, great empirical material, which is the cornerstone of the theory, general and specific tasks, functions and goals of the theory, etc. On the basis of the conducted analysis it is proved that the principles of a systematic approach and construction, which provide its structure, connection with the general theory of forensic examination and the general theory of criminology, a combination of theoretical and applied (practical) researches serve as a justification for the creation of a private theory of expert prevention. It is emphasized that the formation of the theory of expert prevention is the need to create this theory in order to successfully combat crime specific expertise using. The relation between the concepts of "general forensic theory" and "private theory of expert prevention" has been investigated, since ambiguity of both scientific understanding and practical application is one of the main problems that cannot be overcome in the forensic research of the phenomenon of expert prevention. appropriate conceptual categorical apparatus.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Nurwahyu Alamsyah ◽  
Muh. Syarif ◽  
Arif Muntasa ◽  
Hakam Muzakki

The smart city is an exciting concept for improving the quality of the city. However, a smart city needs participation from citizens and all related stakeholders to use the technologies effectively in order to achieve the goal and solve the problems. Even though the city already has high-tech infrastructures, participation still required to provide ideas, inputs, and roles within the development of smart city concepts. This research aims to describe and analyze the current state of the e-Participation frameworks and propose a novel framework for smart cities. The analysis will go through a systematic literature review. Hopefully, this study makes contributions by providing a novel framework of e-Participation for smart cities. This research has implications for theory and practice. For theory, the novel framework can be added to the body of knowledge of e-participation, e-government, and smart cities fields. For practice, the framework will be useful for practitioners, policymakers, people and other stakeholders related to the smart city governance to increase citizen participation through technology-based services.


Author(s):  
Nadezhda Gryazeva

В статье изложен обзор современного состояния теории и практики предупреждения мошенничеств, совершаемых осужденными с помощью средств мобильной связи из учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы России. Исследованы и оценены изменения законодательства, регулирующего рассматриваемую сферу правоотношений, предложения ученых относительно повышения эффективности борьбы с указанным видом мошенничеств, практические материалы. Обозначена проблема, связанная с отсутствием в данных официальной статистики о состоянии преступности в России сведений о количестве мошенничеств, совершаемых осужденными с помощью средств мобильной связи, что бывает необходимо для проведения научных и прикладных исследований, выработки мер по предупреждению и оценки их эффективности в борьбе с анализируемым противоправным деянием. Сформулированы рекомендации, направленные на повышение эффективности предупреждения «телефонных» мошенничеств, совершаемых осужденными в период отбывания наказания в исправительных учреждениях, в частности предложение правового характера, регулирующее сферу индивидуальной профилактики правонарушений, совершаемых осужденными, и предложение в области статистического учета преступлений и отчетности.The article presents an overview of the current state of the theory and practice of fraud prevention committed by convicts using mobile communications from institutions of the criminal Executive system of Russia. The changes in the legislation regulating the sphere of legal relations, the proposals of scientists on improving the effectiveness of combating this type of fraud, practical materials are studied and evaluated. There is a problem related to the lack of information in the official statistics on the state of crime in Russia on the number of frauds committed by convicts by means of mobile communication, which is necessary for scientific and applied research, the development of measures to prevent and assess their effectiveness in combating the illegal act in question. Recommendations have been made to improve the prevention of «telephone» fraud committed by convicted persons while serving their sentences in correctional institutions, in particular a legal proposal regulating the scope of individual prevention of offences committed by convicted persons and a proposal in the field of crime statistics and reporting.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
А.Г. Аксенов ◽  
А.В. Сибирев

Степень технологической и технической зависимости отечественных производителей овощных культур от зарубежных производителей с.-х. техники, а также их техническая оснащенность специализированными машинами объясняется высокими затратами на производство овощей, особенно на уборку, что при общем дефиците ручного труда приводит к сокращению площадей, нарушению технологии выращивания и соответственно снижению урожайности. Цель исследований – определить современное состояние технологического и технического обеспечения производства овощных культур в Российской Федерации. Для достижения поставленной цели использовали методологию системного анализа и синтеза, математической статистики, численные методы решения аналитических зависимостей. Статистические исследования современного состояния технического обеспечения производства овощей в России могут служить основой для построения модели и разработки концептуальных принципов модернизации технологического и технического обеспечения работ в овощеводстве. Определена потребность товаропроизводителей в современных высокотехнологичных комплексах машин для производства овощных культур. Проведенные статистические исследования позволили оценить современное состояние с.-х. машиностроения по выпуску необходимого для товаропроизводителей количества машин. Повышение объемов производства овощной продукции неразрывно коррелирует с уровнем технического обеспечения отрасли овощеводства в целом, что подтверждает уровень локализации с.-х. машиностроения РФ, а также Беларуси и Казахстана, где с.-х. машиностроение представлено широкой номенклатурой предприятий, выпускающих комплексы машин от предпосадочной обработки почвы до послеуборочной обработки товарной продукции. Для возрождения с.-х. машиностроения и развития рынка средств механизации аграрного производства определены основные механизмы обновления парка сельхозтехники – преимущественно привлечением кредитных ресурсов коммерческих банков и лизинговых компаний. Кроме того, интенсивность ведения сельского хозяйства в современных условиях производства невозможна без высокого уровня насыщения машинно-технологических комплексов средствами интеллектуализации. Получать качественную конкурентоспособную продукцию можно только при использовании современных высокопроизводительных машин, обеспечивающих совмещение технологических операций, в конструкциях которых заложены системы автоматизированного управления технологическими процессами, учета почвенного плодородия, обеспечения экологической чистоты агроландшафтов. The degree of technological and technical dependence of domestic producers of vegetable crops on foreign producers of agricultural machinery, as well as their technical equipment with specialized machines, is explained by the high costs of vegetable production, especially for harvesting, which, with a general shortage of manual labor, leads to a reduction in area, disruption of cultivation technology and, accordingly, a decrease in yield. The purpose of the research is to determine the current state of technological and technical support for the production of vegetable crops in the Russian Federation. To achieve this purpose, we used the methodology of system analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics, numerical methods for solving analytical dependencies. Statistical studies of the current state of technical support for vegetable production in Russia can serve as a basis for building a model and developing conceptual principles for modernizing technological and technical support for work in vegetable growing. The need of commodity producers for modern high-tech complexes of machines for the production of vegetable crops is determined. The conducted statistical studies made it possible to assess the current state of agricultural engineering for the production of the number of machines necessary for commodity producers. The increase in the production of vegetable products is inextricably correlated with the level of technical support for the vegetable growing industry as a whole, which confirms the level of localization of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation, as well as in Belarus and Kazakhstan, where agricultural machinery is represented by a wide range of enterprises that produce complexes of machines from pre-planting tillage to post-harvest processing of commercial products. For the revival of agricultural machinery and the development of the market of agricultural production mechanization tools, the main mechanisms for updating the agricultural machinery fleet are determined-mainly by attracting credit resources from commercial banks and leasing companies. In addition, the intensity of agriculture in modern production conditions is impossible without a high level of saturation of machine-technological complexes with means of intellectualization. It is possible to obtain high-quality competitive products only with the use of modern high-performance machines that ensure the combination of technological operations, in the designs of which there are systems for automated control of technological processes, accounting for soil fertility, ensuring environmental cleanliness of agricultural landscapes. Key words: vegetable growing, vegetable seeders, transplanters, vegetable harvesting equipment.


Author(s):  
Катерина Копішинська ◽  
Катерина Зінченко

The research is devoted to the substantiation of the necessity of innovative transformations of the value chain of pharmaceutical enterprises. The current state of the international pharmaceutical market and its development scenarios developed by the WTO were analyzed, taking into account the changes caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The typology of value chains is considered and their element-by-element characteristics are given. A new, modern model of interaction in the chain of value creation of products is proposed. The substantiation of efficiency of creation of such chains is given. Based on the correlation analysis, the presence of a linear relationship between the indicators of Pharmaceutical R&D Spend and Revenue was established. To maximize the effect of R&D costs, pharmaceutical companies are recommended to carry out innovative transformations of the value chain, involving external manufacturers of high-tech devices, applications, etc.


2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
К. О. Spasenko

The peculiarities of the use of special knowledge in the process of investigation of the specified category of crimes are considered, they consists in narrow directed specifics of violations of safety rules during execution of works with in-creased danger. A range of issues to be clarified during carrying out certain examination is outlined. Their variability is noted depending on the work performed, the type of negative consequences and other elements of the criminalistic characteristics of crime. Scheduling forensic medical and forensic engineering-technical examination on labor protection, mining-technical, construction-technical and technical examination of documents in the aspect of the raised problematics is examined.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
O. P. Uhrovetskyi ◽  
O. O. Sviderskyi

The authors allocate in administrative proceedings in cases of administrative offenses among other participants to a forensic expert who takes a special place in this process and give a description of legal status of forensic expert in cases on administrative offenses taking into account the peculiarities of expert involving stage in administrative proceedings. The authors emphasize that at various stages of administrative proceedings a forensic expert performs one function: performing examination. At the central stage of administrative proceedings, namely consideration of the case on an administrative offense and adoption of the resolution therein by authorized authority to consider an administrative offense. If there is a need to use of special knowledge, forensic examination is assigned and opportunity is provided to expert to exercise procedural rights and obligations and submit examination conclusion as a result of expert research. Decision on forensic examination assignment in cases of administrative offenses in the jurisdiction is usually performed in resolutions of the authorized authority (official) that is in charge of proceedings administrative offense. Expert conclusion is an independent means of proof in administrative proceedings. Structure complexity of expert conclusion as a procedural document lies in the fact that it derives from the structure of a special forensic research, since it reflects its features. Expert conclusion is subject to investigation and verification by the court and actual data contained therein are judged by general rules, since they are actual data about certain circumstances of objective reality. It is concluded that participation of expert in proceedings on administrative offenses at the present stage is as fully possible realized at the second central stage of proceedings in consideration of case on administrative offense.


TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
A.N. Kosiakov ◽  
A.Ye. Loskutov ◽  
K.A. Hrebennikov ◽  
A.V. Miloserdov ◽  
Ye.M. Fedin ◽  
...  

Background. Additive technologies are increasingly making their way from university laboratories and high-tech industries into routine clinical practice and even into our everyday lives. Any enthusiast, having a PC and a 3D printer at his or her disposal, can create any physical object — from children’s toys to works of art. The presence on the market of a wide range of software pro-ducts, equipment, and consumables along with the data from mo-dern diagnostic methods, a high level of training and cooperation between doctors and engineers provide practical medicine with unprecedented opportunities. We are finally able to fully customize our treatment and diagnostic procedures: to perform precise preoperative planning; to draw up a detailed plan of the operation; to rehearse the intervention on full-scale anatomical prototypes using a standard tool; to conduct the surgery as quickly and atraumatically as possible; to minimize risks; to ensure the optimal functional result and to manufacture and install customized implants in the most difficult cases. The purpose was to draw the attention of our distinguished colleagues to the aspects of application of additive technologies in modern orthopaedic practice, to introduce them into the history and current state of medical prototyping, as well as to share technological nuances with them. Materials and methods. While writing this article, we incorporated the data of recent publications in specialized domestic and foreign periodicals, several monographs, materials from thematic conferences, the results of informal conversations with colleagues in the operating rooms, at the computer and production site, as well as our own experience (over 200 cases of prototyping). Conclusions. The availability of equipment, software, and consumables allows for the introduction of additive technology into the everyday practice of nearly every modern orthopaedic and trauma clinic.


2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
M. V. Shepitko

The article deals with the problems of counteracting the provision of an intentionally misleading conclusion by an expert. It analyzes the rights, obligations and liabilities of an expert. The research focuses on the fact that a forensic expert differs from other participants to criminal legal proceedings - he/she has special knowledge. According to his/her legal status an expert is engaged in this activity on a permanent basis using the powers given by the Law of Ukraine «On forensic examination» and procedural laws. The article pays particular attention to the forms of obligations undertaken by an expert in the course of a pretrial investigation and trial - warning of criminal liability, the oath by an expert. With this regard the article specifies common and distinctive traits of the abovementioned oaths showing different purposes that the lawmaker had in mind while drafting them. It is important to point out to the conclusion that the mechanism of counteracting the provision of an intentionally misleading conclusion by an expert is a means of psychological influence. This episode may indicate a possibility of excessive intimidation of this participant of the criminal legal proceedings.


2021 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
A. V. Yaschenko

The article attempts to assess the results of the development of the Russian economy from the moment of privatization to the present. The urgency of the problem lies in the fact that, despite significant resources, including human capital, the economy is stagnating, there are no structural reforms, and high-tech companies do not appear. The main thing is not creating conditions for business development on the principles of self-organization: entrepreneurship, initiative, personal competence and investment. Reforming the socio-economic system of the USSR has no historical analogue, and is perceived as a unique practice of testing some theoretical positions and hypotheses that guided researchers and entrepreneurs in the framework of a market economy, for example, the theory of market equilibrium, theory of the firm, theory of preferences, and others. Russia has demonstrated a kind of phenomenon, both from the point of view of theory and practice of market transformations, when it is not entrepreneurship, not the investment activity of business and the population, but the narrowly selfish interests of persons affiliated with the government, began to determine market processes, such an economy was called the «economy of individuals», And in the case of a direct focus on the state budget,» the economy of the distribution». The transformations could be based on the market experience of a large number of countries, both developed and developing (China), this has not been done. Time was lost on the creation of new jobs; in the industrial orientation of the state, there were no priorities for the development of important industries for national competitiveness. As a result, the economic growth was lost.


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