State of technical support for vegetable crops production in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
А.Г. Аксенов ◽  
А.В. Сибирев

Степень технологической и технической зависимости отечественных производителей овощных культур от зарубежных производителей с.-х. техники, а также их техническая оснащенность специализированными машинами объясняется высокими затратами на производство овощей, особенно на уборку, что при общем дефиците ручного труда приводит к сокращению площадей, нарушению технологии выращивания и соответственно снижению урожайности. Цель исследований – определить современное состояние технологического и технического обеспечения производства овощных культур в Российской Федерации. Для достижения поставленной цели использовали методологию системного анализа и синтеза, математической статистики, численные методы решения аналитических зависимостей. Статистические исследования современного состояния технического обеспечения производства овощей в России могут служить основой для построения модели и разработки концептуальных принципов модернизации технологического и технического обеспечения работ в овощеводстве. Определена потребность товаропроизводителей в современных высокотехнологичных комплексах машин для производства овощных культур. Проведенные статистические исследования позволили оценить современное состояние с.-х. машиностроения по выпуску необходимого для товаропроизводителей количества машин. Повышение объемов производства овощной продукции неразрывно коррелирует с уровнем технического обеспечения отрасли овощеводства в целом, что подтверждает уровень локализации с.-х. машиностроения РФ, а также Беларуси и Казахстана, где с.-х. машиностроение представлено широкой номенклатурой предприятий, выпускающих комплексы машин от предпосадочной обработки почвы до послеуборочной обработки товарной продукции. Для возрождения с.-х. машиностроения и развития рынка средств механизации аграрного производства определены основные механизмы обновления парка сельхозтехники – преимущественно привлечением кредитных ресурсов коммерческих банков и лизинговых компаний. Кроме того, интенсивность ведения сельского хозяйства в современных условиях производства невозможна без высокого уровня насыщения машинно-технологических комплексов средствами интеллектуализации. Получать качественную конкурентоспособную продукцию можно только при использовании современных высокопроизводительных машин, обеспечивающих совмещение технологических операций, в конструкциях которых заложены системы автоматизированного управления технологическими процессами, учета почвенного плодородия, обеспечения экологической чистоты агроландшафтов. The degree of technological and technical dependence of domestic producers of vegetable crops on foreign producers of agricultural machinery, as well as their technical equipment with specialized machines, is explained by the high costs of vegetable production, especially for harvesting, which, with a general shortage of manual labor, leads to a reduction in area, disruption of cultivation technology and, accordingly, a decrease in yield. The purpose of the research is to determine the current state of technological and technical support for the production of vegetable crops in the Russian Federation. To achieve this purpose, we used the methodology of system analysis and synthesis, mathematical statistics, numerical methods for solving analytical dependencies. Statistical studies of the current state of technical support for vegetable production in Russia can serve as a basis for building a model and developing conceptual principles for modernizing technological and technical support for work in vegetable growing. The need of commodity producers for modern high-tech complexes of machines for the production of vegetable crops is determined. The conducted statistical studies made it possible to assess the current state of agricultural engineering for the production of the number of machines necessary for commodity producers. The increase in the production of vegetable products is inextricably correlated with the level of technical support for the vegetable growing industry as a whole, which confirms the level of localization of agricultural machinery in the Russian Federation, as well as in Belarus and Kazakhstan, where agricultural machinery is represented by a wide range of enterprises that produce complexes of machines from pre-planting tillage to post-harvest processing of commercial products. For the revival of agricultural machinery and the development of the market of agricultural production mechanization tools, the main mechanisms for updating the agricultural machinery fleet are determined-mainly by attracting credit resources from commercial banks and leasing companies. In addition, the intensity of agriculture in modern production conditions is impossible without a high level of saturation of machine-technological complexes with means of intellectualization. It is possible to obtain high-quality competitive products only with the use of modern high-performance machines that ensure the combination of technological operations, in the designs of which there are systems for automated control of technological processes, accounting for soil fertility, ensuring environmental cleanliness of agricultural landscapes. Key words: vegetable growing, vegetable seeders, transplanters, vegetable harvesting equipment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Arseniy Poletaev ◽  
Anastasiya Narozhnyaya ◽  
Mikhail Kitov

The article is concerned with the current state of digitalisation of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) in the Russian Federation. It lists a number of legal instruments that have been approved by the legislative authorities and establish the digitalisation trends of the agro-industrial complex at the federal and regional levels. It shows GIS technology opportunities in the process of the AIC digitalisation. It deals with the implementation of the Decree of the Russian Federation Government, which has determined the establishment of excellent scientific and educational centres in connection with the implementation of one of such projects in the Belgorod Region. It examines the experience of both project development for the basin-based agricultural landscapes using GIS technologies and the introduction of soil protection agriculture within the entire region in relation to the territory of the Belgorod Region. It shows changes in the available land structure in the Belgorod Region due to the introduction of basin-based nature management projects. It considers the advantages of the basin approach to be used in the course of the AIC digitalisation.


Author(s):  
V.I. Leunov ◽  
I.M. Konovalenko

Ассоциация независимых российских семенных компаний (АНРСК) занимает активную позицию при отстаивании интересов своих членов и отрасли в целом. При защите интересов участников Ассоциации постепенно продвигается идея создания более эффективного, конкурентоспособного и цивилизованного рынка семян овощных культур и любительского рынка цветочных и декоративных растений. АНРСК координирует свою деятельность с общественными объединениями. Она объединяет более 20 организаций, которые обеспечивают производство и реализацию семян овощных, бахчевых и цветочных культур для профессионального и любительского рынков в объеме 7090 от их общей потребности в России. В статье показано значение Ассоциации для развития отечественной селекции и семеноводства овощных культур. В течение 2019 года Советом директоров Ассоциации подготовлены и направлены обращения в такие органы, как: ЕЭК, Госдума ФС РФ, Минсельхоз РФ, Правительство РФ, ФС Россельхознадзор, Федеральная антимонопольная служба РФ, Совет Федерации ФС РФ. В настоящее время продолжается работа по реализации механизма регуляторной гильотины . Представитель Ассоциации вошел в одну из экспертных групп и теперь на постоянной основе принимает участие в заседаниях и доводит до разработчиков позицию членов нашей Ассоциации. Совет директоров и Секретариат АНРСК в соответствии с решениями Общего собрания АНРСК и решениями Совета директоров в отчетном 2019 году постоянно проводили комплекс мероприятий по превращению отечественного семеноводства в современную отрасль, развивающуюся на новейших технологиях в условиях современных рыночных отношений. Ассоциация концентрирует усилия по решению вопросов, связанных с созданием новых современных условий для развития селекции и семеноводства овощных культур, и, прежде всего, по государственному субсидированию селекционных программ в овощеводстве, независимо от форм собственности селекционных организаций, расширению научных исследований по разработке новых селекционных методик, параметров технологических приемов, оптимизации налоговой политики в селекции и семеноводстве, льготного кредитования в этой сфере и т. д.The Association of Independent Russian Seed Companies (AIRSC) takes an active position in defending the interests of its members and the industry as a whole. While protecting the interests of the Association members, the idea of creating a more efficient, competitive and civilized market for vegetable seeds and an amateur market for flower and ornamental plants are gradually moving forward. AIRSC coordinates its activities with public associations. It unites more than 20 organizations that provide for the production and sale of seeds of vegetable, melon and flower crops for professional and amateur markets in the amount of 7090 of their total demand in Russia. The article shows the importance of the Association for the development of domestic selection and seed production of vegetable crops. During 2019, the Board of Directors of the Association prepared and sent appeals to such bodies as: EEC, State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Government of the Russian Federation, FS Russian agricultural supervision, Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation, Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. Currently, work continues on the implementation of the so called regulatory guillotine mechanism. The representative of the Association entered one of the expert groups and now takes part in meetings on an ongoing basis and brings to the developers the position of members of our Association. The Board of Directors and the Secretariat of AIRSC in accordance with the decisions of the General Meeting of AIRSC and the Decisions of the Board of Directors in the reporting 2019 constantly carried out a set of measures to turn domestic seed production into a modern industry that is developing on the latest technologies in modern market relations. The Association concentrates its efforts on issues related to the creation of new modern conditions for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops, and above all, on state subsidies for selection programs in vegetable production, regardless of the forms of ownership of selection organizations, expansion of scientific research on the development of new selection methods, parameters of technological techniques, optimization of tax policy in selection and seed production, preferential lending in this area, etc.


Author(s):  
А.С. ПЕТРОВА ◽  
Е.Е. НОЕВА ◽  
В.М. ЗАРОВНЯЕВА

Пандемия COVID-19 и ограничения, направленные на ее сдерживание, привели к снижению экономической активности, сокращению мировой торговли, оказали масштабное воздействие на мировую экономику, усилив существующие проблемы. Следствием замедления темпов экономического роста в глобальных масштабах, затронувшим большинство секторов экономики, стало падение спроса на энергоресурсы. Такая тенденция должна была неизбежно отразиться на показателях российской внешней торговли, в структуре которой значительную долю экспорта формирует именно топливно-энергетическое сырье. В данной работе представлен анализ современного состояния и особенностей реализации внешнеторговой деятельности РФ в условиях антиковидных ограничений. Исследована как товарная, так и географическая структура экспорта и импорта Российской Федерации до пандемии и в 2020 г. Дана оценка влиянию пандемии на торговлю услугами. Рассчитаны индексы внутриотраслевой торговли РФ. Полученные данные позволили оценить степень воздействия текущего экономического кризиса на изменение динамики показателей внешней торговли России. Анализ выявил явный дисбаланс в структуре, как экспорта, так и импорта, и серьезную зависимость от конъюнктуры энергетических рынков, сжатие которых привело к существенному сокращению экспортных поступлений. Основываясь на результатах проделанной работы, можно прийти к выводу, что ранее принятые меры, ориентированные на импортозамещение и развитие в РФ высокотехнологичных отраслей, пока явных положительных результатов не дают, по крайней мере, структура внешней торговли их не отражает. Если анализировать показатели внутриотраслевой торговли, то они свидетельствуют о слабой диверсификации экспорта, а также о неконкурентоспособности целых секторов российской экономики. В условиях новых вызовов и увеличения степени неопределенности следует взглянуть на роль РФ в международном разделении труда под новым углом. The COVID-19 pandemic and the restrictions aimed at containing it have led to a decrease in economic activity, a reduction in world trade, and had a massive impact on the global economy, exacerbating existing problems. The slowdown in economic growth on a global scale, which affected most sectors of the economy, resulted in a drop in demand for energy resources. This trend should inevitably affect the indicators of Russian foreign trade, in the structure of which a significant share of exports is formed by fuel and energy raw materials. This paper presents an analysis of the current state and features of the development of foreign trade activities of the Russian Federation in the context of antiquated restrictions. We investigated both the commodity and the geographical structure of exports and imports of the Russian Federation before the pandemic and in 2020. The impact of the pandemic on trade in services is assessed. The indices of intra-industry trade of the Russian Federation were calculated. The data obtained made it possible to assess the degree of impact of the current economic crisis on the change in the dynamics of indicators of Russia’s foreign trade. The analysis revealed a clear imbalance in the structure of both exports and imports, and a serious dependence on the conjuncture of energy markets, the contraction of which led to a significant reduction in export earnings. Based on the results of the work done, we can conclude that the previously adopted measures aimed at import substitution and the development of high-tech industries in the Russian Federation have not yet yielded clear positive results, at least the structure of foreign trade does not reflect them. If we analyze the indicators of intra-industry trade, they indicate a weak diversification of exports, as well as the lack of competitiveness of entire sectors of the Russian economy. In the face of new challenges and an increasing degree of uncertainty, one should look at the role of the Russian Federation in the international division of labor from a new angle.


2018 ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Savrukov ◽  
N. T. Savrukov ◽  
E. A. Kozlovskaya

The article analyzes the current state and level of development of publicprivate partnership (PPP) projects in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that a significant proportion of projects is implemented on a concession basis at the municipal level in the communal sphere. A detailed analysis of the project data showed that the structure of the projects is deformed in favor of the central regions of the Russian Federation, and a significant share in the total amount of financing falls on the transport sector. At the stage of assessing the level of development by the subjects of the Russian Federation, criteria were proposed, and index and integral indicators were used, which ensured comparability of the estimates obtained. At the end of the analysis, the regions were ranked and clustered according to the level of PPP development, which allowed to reveal the number and structure of leaders and outsiders.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Pronin

Subject. The article investigates the program-targeted planning methodology, which is implemented in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries, for high-tech industry development. Objectives. The aim is to identify the specifics of program-targeted planning for the development of high-tech industries, to shape programs and plans for innovative development in the Russian Federation and leading foreign countries. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods of systems analysis, including the statistical and logical analysis. Results. I reviewed methods of program-targeted planning, implemented by the world’s leading countries (the Russian Federation, United States of America, France, Great Britain, Netherlands, Norway, Japan, Canada), in the interests of the development of various high-tech sectors of the economy. The study established that the methodology of program-targeted management is an effective tool for resource allocation by various types of economic activities in accordance with national priorities. I developed proposals by priority areas for improving the methodology for program-targeted planning and management in the Russian Federation in modern economic conditions. Conclusions. The findings and presented proposals can be used to improve methods for program-targeted planning to develop high-tech sectors of the economy; to design various long-term programs and plans, reducing the risk of their implementation; to determine the ways and methods of sustainable socio-economic and innovative and technological development of the world's leading economies.


Author(s):  
I. V. Bukhtiyarov

The article presents the results of the analysis of health, working conditions and prevalence of adverse production factors, the structure of the detected occupational pathology in the working population of the Russian Federation. The article presents Statistical data on the dynamics of the share of workplaces of industrial enterprises that do not meet hygienic standards, occupational morbidity in 2015-2018 for the main groups of adverse factors of the production environment and the labor process. The indicators of occupational morbidity over the past 6 years in the context of the main types of economic activity, individual subjects of the Russian Federation, classes of working conditions, levels of specialized occupational health care. The role of the research Institute of occupational pathology and occupational pathology centers in solving organizational, methodological and practical tasks for the detection, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of occupational diseases is shown. The basic directions of activity in the field of preservation and strengthening of health of workers, and also safety at a workplace are defined.


2020 ◽  
pp. 69-87
Author(s):  
K.S. Teteryatnikov ◽  
S.G. Каmolov ◽  
D.A. Blashkina

The article is meant to analyze current problems and prospects for the development of effective tax policy as part of digital transformation of Russian economy. Introduction of a digital tax and the consequences of the digital tax reforms in the EU, the USA and OECD countries are highlighted. The necessity of qualitative transformation of the tax system of the Russian Federation in response to modern challenges is substantiated, taking into account the changes of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation adopted at the end of July 2020. The authors suggested their own concept of a digital tax and the prospects for its adoption in Russia, and consider it inappropriate to impose taxes on Internet users who do not use the Internet for business. Today, the main focus should be made on creating and testing effective technologies that allow on-line monitoring the tax basis of digital economy entities, taking into account the cross-border movement or use of digital products (goods and services). In addition, it would be extremely important to provide for a potential tax exemption for part of the profits of international ICT companies that are received on the territory of the Russian Federation and reinvested in joint with Russian companies projects in the high-tech for civil purposes area.


Author(s):  
N.A. Mironov ◽  
E.A. Maryshev ◽  
N.A. Divueva

The article discusses the issues of improving the examination system of competitive applications for state support in the form of grants of the President of the Russian Federation on the basis of an integrated information system that includes the information support system of the Grants Council of the President of the Russian Federation and the information system of the Federal Roster of Scientific and Technological Experts and containing information about experts, applications and expert examination results. In order to improve the principles of transparency and openness of support programs and competition winners, to ensure the objectivity of the competitive selection of projects, a number of organizational and technical solutions are proposed in the application examination system based on an integrated information system. The new and proposed new approaches to the organizational and technical support of the examination of competitive applications for state support in the form of grants of the President of the Russian Federation to young Russian scientists made it possible, by attracting a wide range of scientific and technological communities, to conduct examination of more than five thousand applications with high quality and deadlines set by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.


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