scholarly journals Poder Local, Participação Popular e Clientelismo / Local Power, Popular Participation and Clientelism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Rigo Santin ◽  
Mariane Favretto
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
Shared Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Logic ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Ideal

ResumoO artigo traz em questão a valorização do poder local como campo para a tomada de decisões políticas eficientes, em um tempo em que os governos atuais necessitam estar atentos ao desenvolvimento social. Ressalta-se o tratamento dado ao Município pela Constituição Federal de 1988, que o elevou à categoria de ente federado, o que tornou promissora a possibilidade de uma gestão compartilhada entre poder público e sociedade civil em âmbito local. Entretanto, o clientelismo é um problema político e social a ser enfrentado no país e que só poderá ter alguns de seus efeitos superados mediante aumento da accountability social e da participação por meio de iniciativas locais. Procura-se assim, analisar a democratização promovida pela lógica local, em que as decisões públicas ocorrem de forma descentralizada e mais próximas da população, como controladora das práticas clientelistas. O estudo justifica-se pelo imperativo de respostas céleres e eficazes às necessidades mais elementares da sociedade, sendo que a gestão local tende a ser o meio ideal para atender às demandas sociais. AbstractThe paper brings into question the appreciation of the local government as a field for making effective policy decisions at a time when the current governments need to be aware of the social development. It is noteworthy the treatment given to the municipality by the 1988 Constitution has raised to federal entity, which made it even more promising the possibility of a shared management between political society and civil society at the local level. However, patronage is still a political and social problem facing the country and overcome with increased accountability and increased performance of regulatory agencies, particularly social control. Wanted so seize the democratization promoted by the local logic, in which public decisions occur in a decentralized and closer to the population so, could curb this practice. The study is justified by the need for rapid and effective answers to the most basic needs of society, and the local management tends to be the ideal way to meet these demands. Keywords: Patronage; Municipality; Popular participation; Local power.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Indigenous Tharu People in UNDP Supported Village Development Program: A case study of Benimanipur VDC, Nawaparasi, Western-Terai, Nepal

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

By using both qualitative and quantitative data generated from primary as well as secondary sources the study tries to find out to what extent the social mobilization approach of UNDP supported Village Development Program (VDP) was effective to include and able to empower the indigenous Tharu people. The socio-economic status of majority of Tharus was weak and limited by state policies since historical period and local power relations which played the pivotal role to result to exclude them from the mainstream of development. In macro level the social mobilization approach of VDP was strong to initiate the issue of inclusion to empower the marginalized people, but in local level it was weak to implement the policies efficiently and effectively regards to local diverse conditions and differentiated actors. The diversity in the village resulted in the different responses to the social mobilization program. Particularly the social mobilization process was generalized and limited by the local networks of power relation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v3i0.1496 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.III, Sept. 2008 p.54-72

MICROCREDIT, CIVIC NETWORKS AND WOMEN'S POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT IN BANGLADESH

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD JASIM UDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Democratic Learning ◽  
Late Group

The social capital school has proposed that one of the key mechanisms for generating good democratic outcomes is participation in voluntary associations. Of late, group-based microcredit programmes are considered as effective policy instruments for generating and strengthening civic networks of the community. However, on the micro-level we do not know enough about how membership in microcredit programmes promotes civic engagement, nurtures democratic learning process and makes their members more cooperative. In this paper I investigate whether microcredit providing NGOs have run through and nurtured democratic practices at the local level and whether they mobilize citizens politically and promote leadership among the women. The results indicate that microcredit organizations in the area that I studied failed to promote women's political capabilities or civic engagement since these organizations mainly concentrate on the services of credit distribution and installments collection, and have deviated or shifted away from community mobilization.

THE DARKER SIDE OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: THE POWER DYNAMICS BEHIND RWANDA'SGACACACOURTS

Africa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Local Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peace And Reconciliation ◽  
Level Analysis

ABSTRACTIn this article, I argue that the praise of legal and political analysts who perceive Rwanda'sgacacacourts as a model of locally grounded and culturally relevant transitional justice is unfounded without consideration of the broader power dynamics in which justice is delivered. Drawing on life history interviews with 37 Rwandan peasants resident in the south-west of the country, I argue that the claims of the Rwandan government that itsgacacacourts are promoting peace and reconciliation must also assess the impact of local justice mechanisms on those subject to its demands, namely ordinary people. In the case of Rwanda'sgacacacourts, local-level analysis illuminates a darker and largely unexamined aspect of transitional justice – the playing out of local power dynamics and the social and political inequalities masked by the pursuit of justice and reconciliation. My study cautions against a wholesale endorsement of thegacacacourts as an effective and legitimate form of transitional justice. Instead, it is a mechanism of state power than works to reinforce the political power of the ruling RPF and to ply international audiences with the idea that Rwanda is ‘a nation rehabilitated’ from ‘the scourge of genocide’.

scholarly journals Reflections on local participatory democracy in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1124
Author(s):  
Felipe Addor
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
The Public

Abstract This work presents reflections on the field of participatory democracy in Latin America, based on the analysis of the experiences of Cotacachi in Ecuador, and Torres in Venezuela, which are examples of great popular participation at the local level. The study proposes to interpret the experiences from a Latin American point of view, considering the singularities of each municipality analyzed. The aim is to identify which factors contribute to the emergence and consolidation of mechanisms of participation in the public policy decision-making process. In order to approximate the democratic theory of the context of Latin America, the study presents an analysis structured in two relevant concepts for the theory: agency and public space. These concepts were essential to identify which factors allowed the creation and consolidation of practices of participatory democracy at the local level. The analysis of the experiences resulted in a list of seven factors that were fundamental for their advancement and diffusion, factors that may represent important guidelines for the development of new democratic practices in countries of the region. Finally, the study present some reflections on the challenges that must be overcome to expand the local power and popular participation in Latin America.

The critical theory of democracy in Western political thought

2020 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Ruqaya Saeed Khalkhal
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
Political Realities ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theory Of Democracy ◽  
Or Applications ◽  
The Ideal

The darkness that Europe lived in the shadow of the Church obscured the light that was radiating in other parts, and even put forward the idea of democracy by birth, especially that it emerged from the tent of Greek civilization did not mature in later centuries, especially after the clergy and ideological orientation for Protestants and Catholics at the crossroads Political life, but when the Renaissance emerged and the intellectual movement began to interact both at the level of science and politics, the Europeans in democracy found refuge to get rid of the tyranny of the church, and the fruits of the application of democracy began to appear on the surface of most Western societies, which were at the forefront to be doubtful forms of governece.        Democracy, both in theory and in practice, did not always reflect Western political realities, and even since the Greek proposition, it has not lived up to the idealism that was expected to ensure continuity. Even if there is a perception of the success of the democratic process in Western societies, but it was repulsed unable to apply in Islamic societies, because of the social contradiction added to the nature of the ruling regimes, and it is neither scientific nor realistic to convey perceptions or applications that do not conflict only with our civilized reality The political realization created by certain historical circumstances, and then disguises the different reality that produced them for the purpose of resonance in the ideal application.

The World Underfoot

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hallie M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Physiological Reaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Foreign Land ◽  
Social Gathering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Ideal

In the Greek Classical period, the symposium—the social gathering at which male citizens gathered to drink wine and engage in conversation—was held in a room called the andron. From couches set up around the perimeter of the andron, symposiasts looked inward to the room’s center, which often was decorated with a pebble mosaic floor. These mosaics provided visual treats for the guests, presenting them with images of mythological scenes, exotic flora, dangerous beasts, hunting parties, or the specter of Dionysos, the god of wine, riding in his chariot or on the back of a panther. This book takes as its subject these mosaics and the context of their viewing. Relying on discourses in the sociology and anthropology of space, it argues that the andron’s mosaic imagery actively contributed to a complex, metaphorical experience of the symposium. In combination with the ritualized circling of the wine cup from couch to couch around the room and the physiological reaction to wine, the images of mosaic floors called to mind other images, spaces, or experiences, and, in doing so, prompted drinkers to reimagine the symposium as another kind of event—a nautical voyage, a journey to a foreign land, the circling heavens or a choral dance, or the luxury of an abundant past. Such spatial metaphors helped to forge the intimate bonds of friendship that are the ideal result of the symposium and that make up the political and social fabric of the Greek polis.

Conclusion: Rethinking Punishment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Fassin
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ideal Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

If punishment is not what we say it is, if it is not justified by the reasons we invoke, if it facilitates repeat offenses instead of preventing them, if it punishes in excess of the seriousness of the act, if it sanctions according to the status of the offender rather than to the gravity of the offense, if it targets social groups defined beforehand as punishable, and if it contributes to producing and reproducing disparities, then does it not itself precisely undermine the social order? And must we not start to rethink punishment, not only in the ideal language of philosophy and law but also in the uncomfortable reality of social inequality and political violence?

Happiness, Virtue, and Political Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Rudavsky
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Divine Law

Chapter 9 is concerned with social and political behavior. Even in the context of moral philosophy, Jewish philosophers discuss issues within the wider context of a rational scientific perspective. This chapter begins with specific moral codes developed by Jewish thinkers, focusing in particular upon the works of Ibn Gabirol, Baḥya ibn Paquda, Maimonides, and Crescas. Can there be ethical dictates independent of the commandments? The rabbis already worried whether there existed a domain of “right behavior” that pre-dates, or exists independently of, divine commandment. Does Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean apply to divine law? Furthermore, can all humans achieve intellectual perfection? Is the road the same, and open, to all? And is there only one road to ultimate felicity, or are there many routes? The chapter ends with a discussion of whether human felicity can be achieved in this life, and whether the prophet best represents the ideal model for such achievement.

scholarly journals Are Norwegian Municipality policies enabling intersectoral collaboration in migration health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Nordström ◽  
B Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Health Work ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Intersectoral Action ◽  
The Social

Abstract Issue Sporadic accounts of initiatives, interventions and good practices in Migrant Health at the Municipality level account for Norways' lower score on “Measures to achieve change” in the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). While the structure and organization at the municipality level should enable intersectoral action (as all under one umbrella), the municipal counties say lack of intersectoral collaboration is one of the main barriers for long-term public health work. Description of the Problem 51 municipalities have an immigrant population larger than the national average 17,8% (2019). In a recent Country Assessment (part of Joint Action on Health Equity Europe), limited inter-sectoral action on the social determinants of health including migration was observed. Although multiple agencies are engaged in attempts to address these issues. While there is a drive to promote public health and primary health care in municipalities, these initiatives do not pay special attention to migrants. In the first stage of this project, we have reviewed municipal policy documents to map policy and measures on public health, migrant health and intersectoral collaboration. In the second stage, municipalities will be contacted to engage them in the implementation of intersectoral actions. Results The desk review and mapping show that only 8 of the “top” 32 municipalities mention “intersectoral” in the municipal master plan (5 were not available online), its mentioned in 9 action program/budgets, but not necessarily by the same municipalities. 15 of the municipalities mention migrants, but rarely in relation to health. We observe that, the size of the municipality, financial resources and support from the County are factors that may play a significant role in prioritising migrant health and intersectoral collaboration. Lessons Advocating for and supporting the local/municipal level for intersectoral action is highly relevant, timely and essential. Key messages Intersectoral action on the social determinants of migrants’ health needs to be implemented through municipal policies to reduce inequities in migrants’ health. Implementation on the local level is the main arena for good public health work and is crucial to ensure good health for migrants.

scholarly journals Breakout Group Allocation Schedules and the Social Golfer Problem with Adjacent Group Sizes

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Alice Miller ◽  
Matthew Barr ◽  
William Kavanagh ◽  
Ivaylo Valkov ◽  
Helen C. Purchase
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Combinatorial Design ◽  
Breakout Group ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adjacent Group ◽  
Group Allocation ◽  
Novel Variation ◽  
The Ideal

The current pandemic has led schools and universities to turn to online meeting software solutions such as Zoom and Microsoft Teams. The teaching experience can be enhanced via the use of breakout rooms for small group interaction. Over the course of a class (or over several classes), the class will be allocated to breakout groups multiple times over several rounds. It is desirable to mix the groups as much as possible, the ideal being that no two students appear in the same group in more than one round. In this paper, we discuss how the problem of scheduling balanced allocations of students to sequential breakout rooms directly corresponds to a novel variation of a well-known problem in combinatorics (the social golfer problem), which we call the social golfer problem with adjacent group sizes. We explain how solutions to this problem can be obtained using constructions from combinatorial design theory and how they can be used to obtain good, balanced breakout room allocation schedules. We present our solutions for up to 50 students and introduce an online resource that educators can access to immediately generate suitable allocation schedules.

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