Violent Fan Fluctuations: A Diffusion Perspective to Explain Supporters' Violence

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Braun ◽  
Rens Vliegenthart
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
City Size ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Aggressive Play ◽  
Diffusion Mechanisms ◽  
Soccer Fans ◽  
And Control

In this article, we address the question of how diffusion mechanisms predict the level of violence among soccer fans. We embed possible causes of violent fan behavior in a theoretical framework of diffusion, as social movement scholars deploy it to study other instances of collective violence. Four possible diffusion explanations are examined: social status of transmitters (both other fan-sides as well as soccer players), status similarity of adopter and transmitter, direct ties as captured by geographical distance, and indirect ties as measured by media coverage. These explanations are tested for the occurrence of violence around soccer matches in the Netherlands during the period 2001-2005. We employ a pooled complementary log-log analysis of fourteen teams over two hundred match weeks and control for repression, city size, and several match characteristics. We find considerable evidence for three of the four proposed explanations and demonstrate that aggressive play on the pitch, hooliganism by fan-sides with similar status, and media coverage are significant explanatory factors for the evolution of fan violence.

Demographic factors in attitudes towards population growth and control

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry D. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
City Size ◽  
World Population ◽  
Population Limitation ◽  
Business Executive ◽  
World Population Growth ◽  
And Control

Using two Gallup polls, which together contained three questions on the attitudes of adult Americans towards population growth and control, a multivariate analysis was conducted of the relationship to each question of nine demographic factors: age, city size, education, family income, occupation of the household head, race, region, religion and sex. Only education and religion showed an intrinsic relationship with attitudes. Specifically, the extent of endorsement of the view that the world population growth rate is a serious problem, and of the view that population limitation will, at some time, be necessary, increased with education. Among those whose family income was at least $10,000 and those whose house-hold head was a professional or business executive, Protestants were more likely than Catholics to view US and world population growth rates as serious and to consider population limitation necessary.

After the Airlifts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Varzally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Attention ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

This chapter focuses upon the aftermath of Operation Babylift, the mass airlift of Vietnamese children to the United states on the eve of the nation’s formal withdrawal. Arguably the most dramatic episode of the unfolding adoption and migration story, it received overwhelming media coverage, captured international attention, and pushed Vietnamese adoptees to the center of debates about the war’s end and aftermath. Although the architects of the airlift hoped it would improve the America’s reputation and benefit Vietnamese children, it stoked significant controversy among Americans and Vietnamese who accused the U.S. and Vietnamese governments of playing politics. The airlift and its controversy also displayed the creative ways in which Vietnamese families stretched across national boundaries an, demanded reunions, and disputed American efforts to contain and control the legacies of war.

scholarly journals A sequential school based smoke prevention program in secondary school adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Paco ◽  
R. Boffi ◽  
C. De Marco ◽  
N. Ambrosino
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based ◽  
Show Business ◽  
Smoke Prevention ◽  
And Control

Background and Aim. The hazardous health effects of smoking and second-hand smoke are well known and have been confirmed in several studies. We wondered whether a school based programme involving media models such as those represented by famous soccer players and TV characters, was effective in prevention of smoking habit in secondary school adolescents. Methods. Since October 2006 to May 2007 an anonymous survey was submitted to 1382 secondary schools pupils. After completing the questionnaire all students of 42 out of 70 classes selected by the school principals underwent a prevention programme consisting of 1 hour lecture on smoke healthy hazard with educational material (slides, video, leaflets). Furthermore each pupil was given card games with significant pictures. Since October 2007 to May 2008 and Since October 2008 to May 2009 pupils underwent a 1 hour interactive lesson on smoke related health hazards respectively. On December 2007 pupils in study attended a theatre event with show business characters acting to smoke dissuasion. No intervention was performed on the 568 pupils of the other classes along all the same 2 school- year period (controls). Results. Among other results at the end of the 2-year program 4% pupils of study group and 14% of controls reported smoking habit (p = 0.001) whereas 7% and 27% (p = 0.001) of study and control pupils respectively ignored smoking induced dependence. Conclusion. A school based programme involving media models such as those represented by famous soccer players, TV characters, was effective in prevention of smoking habit in secondary school adolescents.

Effect of Intermittent Exercise on Multiple-Choice Reaction Times of Soccer Players

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen A. P. M. Lemmink ◽  
Chris Visscher
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Reaction Speed

The influence of intermittent exercise on a choice-response time task was investigated. Two groups of 8 male soccer players ( M age = 20.9, SD = 2.0) participated. They spent 4.4 ( SD = 1.3) weekly hours on soccer training and had been playing soccer for 13 ( SD = 3.3) years. Multiple-choice reaction speed and response accuracy were measured four times. Between measurements, one group performed 8-min. blocks of intermittent exercise on a bicycle ergometer and one group rested. Analysis showed that reaction speed and response accuracy were not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, there were significant faster reaction times and a larger number of correct reactions through Block 2 in both the exercise and control group ( p<.05), probably a result of learning processes and familiarization with the task procedures. Further research towards the specific influence of mode of exercise, intensity, work-rest ratio and duration of intermittent exercise, and the sensitivity of reaction time tasks will be necessary to clarify the relationship between intermittent exercise and cognitive performance.

Public Perceptions in Spill Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Meidt
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Information Program ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT The federal on-scene coordinator's public information mechanism is an often underused resource that can help responders overcome communications problems and better accomplish goals in spill situations. Media coverage of recent spills indicates recurring problems with regard to the way the responses were perceived. Responders’ actions tended to be characterized by contradiction and misunderstanding, questions about leadership, and failure to act in a timely manner. This paper examines some of that media coverage and outlines the basic guidelines which federal on-scene coordinators use to avoid such problems: access, focus, and control/coordination. The paper is intended to help the response community better understand the OSC's public information role and missions; it may help the response community make greater use of the OSC public information program to communicate vital information during a spill response.

Injury Prevention in Sweden: Helping Soccer Players at Risk

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urban Johnson ◽  
Johan Ekengren ◽  
Mark B. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
And Control ◽  
Psychosocial Profiles

This study examined the effectiveness of a prevention intervention program to lower the incidence of injury for soccer players with at-risk psychosocial profiles. The Sport Anxiety Scale, the Life Event Scale for Collegiate Athletes, and the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 were used to screen for psychosocial risk factors outlined in the stress and injury model (Williams & Andersen, 1998). Thirty-two high injury-risk players were identified and randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Injuries of participants were reported by their coaches. The intervention program consisted of training in 6 mental skills distributed in 6 to 8 sessions during 19 weeks of the competitive season. The results showed that the brief intervention prevention program significantly lowered the number of injuries in the treatment group compared with the control group.

Soccer Players and Their Media-Related Behavior

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Birkner ◽  
Daniel Nölleke
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Sport Communication ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Tabloid Press ◽  
The Relationship

Using the concept of mediatization, in this article, we analyze the relationship between sport and media from a sport-centered perspective. Examining the autobiographies of 14 German and English soccer players, we investigate how athletes use media outlets, what they perceive as the media’s influence and its logic, and—crucially—how this usage and these perceptions affect their own media-related behavior. Our findings demonstrate the important role of the media for the sports systems from the athlete’s point of view and demonstrate the research potential of mediatization as a fruitful concept in studies on sport communication. On the one hand, the sport stars reflect in their autobiographies that their status and income depend on media coverage; and on the other hand, they complain about the omnipresence of the media, especially offside the pitch and feel unfairly treated by the tabloid press, both in England and in Germany.

scholarly journals Effects of combined plyometric and sled training on vertical jump and linear speed performance ​​in young soccer players (Efectos de la combinación de entrenamiento pliométrico y de arrastres sobre el rendimiento en salto vertical y la velocidad lineal e

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Moisés Falces-Prieto ◽  
Javier Raya-González ◽  
Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal ◽  
Jesús Rodicio-Palma ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Development ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combined plyometrics and sled training carried out two days a week for 8 weeks. 60 young male soccer players were distributed in 4 groups (Under U16) [Experimental Group (U16 Exp, n=15) and Control Group (U16 Cont, n=15); and (Under19) [U19 Exp, (n=15) and U19 Cont, (n=15)]. The jump with countermovement (CMJ) was evaluated with Chronojump-Boscosystem® and the time in seconds (sec) in the 10, 20, and 40 m split with FitLight Trainer®. Was calculated a level of significance of p≤0.05, the effect size (ES) and % change. Both experimental groups improved from pre-to pots-test in CMJ [U16Exp (p<0.02) and U19Exp (p<0.01)] and the 10, 20, and 40 m splits [U16Exp (p<0.02, p<0.03, and p<0.01, respectively) and U19Exp (p<0.02, p<0.02, and p<0.01, respectively)]. Therefore, the combination of football and plyometric and resisted methods can be used for a general development of the neuromuscular capacities of young soccer players. Resumen. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de un entrenamiento combinado de pliometría y arrastres realizado 2 días en semana durante 8 semanas. 60 jugadores jóvenes de fútbol fueron distribuidos en 4 grupos (Cadete (CAD) [Grupo Experimental (CADExp n= 15) y Grupo Control (CADCont n= 15)] y (Juvenil (JUV) [JUVExp n= 15 y JUVCont n= 15]. Se evaluó el salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) con Chronojump-Boscosystem® y el tiempo en segundos (seg) en los tramos de 10, 20, y 40 m con FitLight Trainer®. Se calculó en nivel de significación p≤0.05, tamaño del efecto (TE) y % de cambio. Los grupos experimentales mejoraron del pre al pots-test en CMJ [CADExp (p<0.02) y JUVExp (p<0.01)] y los tramos de 10, 20, y 40 m [CADExp (p<0.02, p<0.03, p<0.01, respectivamente) y JUVExp (p<0.02, p<0.02, p<0.01, respectivamente)]. Por tanto, la combinación de fútbol y métodos pliométricos y resistidos puede utilizarse para un desarrollo general de las capacidades neuromusculares de los futbolistas jóvenes.

scholarly journals Tourism Innovation and Pandemic Compliance in a Lonesome Aegean Islet, after Regeneration of thousands Noninhabitant Islands into a Sustainable, Profitable Ecosystem and Hotel

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
ATHANASIONS Zisopoulos ◽  
Nikos Kartalis ◽  
Georgia Broni
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
City Size ◽  
Investment Opportunity ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Aegean Island ◽  
Thousand Islands ◽  
Resort Hotel

We work in the Aegean islet hotel-room environment a friendly design from scratch for many years with legislation, political, defense, and engineering developments. Pandemic triggered out our initial findings. As a curse threatens tourism and as a blessing, it reveals new unpreceded hospitality options. In this research paper, we outline some scientific proceeds like Coastline Paradox and investment opportunity. The Aegean Sea has several thousand islands without inhabitants and several million meters of coastline certifying the “Coastline Paradox”. The fundamental concept of a guest room on an isolated tiny island is ecological vacations in the Aegean Sea, the marooning stranded in an islet vacation, the myth creation to attract guests, and the books and media coverage of the loneliness concept. The noninhabitant islands initially will be revitalized from deserted salinity virgin lands to beautiful paradises, with new flora and fauna, human living facilities, and optionally overnight sleeping space. A huge, city-size, modular ship with service boats formulate the Aegean Highway. All these workouts establish the Aegean Island resort hotel. All islets will be used as hotel rooms hosting various tourist and business activities. Finally, we face business concepts like COVID compliance, sovereignty, Aegean-wide services, and business realization options.

scholarly journals Reporting the life tracks of confirmed cases can effective prevent and control the COVID-19 outbreak in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Tianjing Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Wang ◽  
Jingjing Chen ◽  
Hongwei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Control Work ◽  
And Control ◽  
Successful Prevention ◽  
Close Contacts

AbstractBackgroundSince late December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread throughout China. Fears were raised higher, effective policies for prevention and control were concerned.MethodsTill March 3, 91273 confirmed COVID-19 cases were included in. Using Mann-Whitney U test, the provinces that reported the life tracks of confirmed cases to public had lower increased in daily new confirmed cases.ResultsCompared with the paired province, Tianjin, Jilin, Gansu, Shanxi, Hainan and Guizhou had significant differences in the number of new confirmed cases and have lower mean rank (P<0.05). Shanghai had a lower mean rank (P=0.175) but no significant difference. Besides, the successful prevention and control work need other effective strategies, such as real time media coverage, isolating the suspected cases or close contacts, delaying the return of work, closing schools, wearing facial masks, and disinfecting the communities, et.al.ConclusionsStrategies must be adjusted in real time according to the epidemic. Reporting the life tracks of confirmed cases was an effective way to control the epidemic. They may be suggestions to other counties with an outbreak of COVID-19.

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