scholarly journals External study possibilities of a dead body solution about the death occurrence from psychotropic and narcotic drug poisoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Elena N. Travenko ◽  
Valeriy A. Porodenko
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
General Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Narcotic Drug ◽  
Fatal Poisoning ◽  
Drug Poisoning ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Drug Deaths

Background: Poisoning with psychotropic and narcotic substances is still leads to the general structure of fatal intoxications. A decreased traditional psychotropic and narcotic drug fatal poisoning and an increased new synthetic psychoactive substances and combined consumption are recorded in the country. Aims: This study aimed to study the dynamics of drug poisoning incidence according to the annual report data in 20172020 in the Krasnodar territory and establish their predominant etiology. Analyze the medical literature and identify the data mostly described during the external examination that suggests narcotic drug exposure possibility of the body. Comparison of the literature and external examination results of the corpse from the Expert Conclusions (Acts of forensic medical research) to further use the signs to create a profile of the suspected poisoned corpse with narcotic substances. Material and methods: The study material includes the annual reports of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Bureau SME of the Ministry of Health of the Krasnodar Territory in 20172020, archival medical documentation autopsy reports in cases of death from narcotic substances; domestic and foreign literary sources. Results: In the Krasnodar Territory, opiates account for a large proportion of drug deaths. Psychotropic and narcotic drug intake is often (up to 30%) combined with alcohol consumption. The study showed that forensic pathology rarely uses external signs that make up the profile of a corpse suspected of drug poisoning at the initial stage. The most common signs (in 50% of cases) were: injection traces, cyanotic and flushed face, conjunctival hemorrhages, and whitish-pink foam in the nose or mouth openings. Others were not given due attention. Conclusion: The research topic dictates the need for further study and problem development, accumulation, and systematization of the obtained material for subsequent use.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimicrobials

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Lynn L. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Binding ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Pharmacologic Effect ◽  
Over Time

Pharmacokinetics is the disposition of drugs in the body (how the body acts on the drug); it incorporates terms such as absorption, bioavailability, distribution, protein binding, metabolism, and elimination. Pharmacodynamics is the interaction between the drug concentration at the site of action over time (drug exposure) and the pharmacologic effect, which, in the case of antimicrobials, is eradication of microorganisms. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are interrelated. Both need to be taken into account to optimize antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Jubete ◽  
Raimon Puig de la Bellacasa ◽  
Roger Estrada-Tejedor ◽  
Jordi Teixidó ◽  
José I. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Pyridine Ring ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Pyrimidine Ring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Nitrogen Bases ◽  
Dna And Rna

Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (1) are a type of privileged heterocyclic scaffolds capable of providing ligands for several receptors in the body. Among such structures, our group and others have been particularly interested in pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7(8H)-ones (2) due to the similitude with nitrogen bases present in DNA and RNA. Currently there are more than 20,000 structures 2 described which correspond to around 2900 references (half of them being patents). Furthermore, the number of references containing compounds of general structure 2 have increased almost exponentially in the last 10 years. The present review covers the synthetic methods used for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7(8H)-ones (2), both starting from a preformed pyrimidine ring or a pyridine ring, and the biomedical applications of such compounds.

scholarly journals Bmal1 regulates circadian expression of cytochrome P450 3a11 and drug metabolism in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanke Lin ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Ziyue Zhou ◽  
Lianxia Guo ◽  
Fangjun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Regulation ◽  
Circadian Expression ◽  
Distal Promoter ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract Metabolism is a major defense mechanism of the body against xenobiotic threats. Here we unravel a critical role of Bmal1 for circadian clock-controlled Cyp3a11 expression and xenobiotic metabolism. Bmal1 deficiency decreases the mRNA, protein and microsomal activity of Cyp3a11, and blunts their circadian rhythms in mice. A screen for Cyp3a11 regulators identifies two circadian genes Dbp and Hnf4α as potential regulatory mediators. Cell-based experiments confirm that Dbp and Hnf4α activate Cyp3a11 transcription by their binding to a D-box and a DR1 element in the Cyp3a11 promoter, respectively. Bmal1 binds to the P1 distal promoter to regulate Hnf4α transcriptionally. Cellular regulation of Cyp3a11 by Bmal1 is Dbp- and Hnf4α-dependent. Bmal1 deficiency sensitizes mice to toxicities of drugs such as aconitine and triptolide (and blunts circadian toxicity rhythmicities) due to elevated drug exposure. In summary, Bmal1 connects circadian clock and Cyp3a11 metabolism, thereby impacting drug detoxification as a function of daily time.

scholarly journals VII.—On the theory of the perturbations of the planets

1832 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 195-228 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Dynamical Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
First Case ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Analytical Formulas ◽  
Pass Through

The perturbations of the planets is the subject of reiterated researches by all the great geometers who have raised up Physical Astronomy to its present elevation. They have been successful in determining the variations which the elements of the orbit of a disturbed planet undergo; and in expressing these variations analytically, in the manner best adapted for computation. But the inquirer who turns his attention to this branch of study will find that it is made to depend upon a theory in mechanics, which is one of considerable analytical intricacy, known by the name of the Variation of the Arbitrary Constants. Considerations similar to those employed in this theory were found necessary in Physical Astronomy from its origin; but the genius of Lagrange imagined and completed the analytical processes of general application. In a dynamical problem which is capable of an exact solution, such as a planet revolving by the central attraction of the sun, the formulas constructed by Lagrange enable us to ascertain the alterations that will be induced on the original motions of the body, if we suppose it urged by new and very small forces, such as the irregular attractions of the other bodies of the planetary system. General views of this nature are very valuable, and contribute greatly to the advancement of science. But their application is sometimes attended with inconvenience. In particular cases, the general structure of the formulas may require a long train of calculation, in order to extricate the values of the quantities sought. It may be necessary for attaining this end to pass through many differential equations, and to submit to much subordinate calculation. The remedy for this inconvenience seems to lie in separating the general principles from the analytical processes by which they are carried into effect. In some important problems, a great advantage, both in brevity and clearness, will be obtained by adapting the investigation to the particular circumstance of the case, and attending solely to the principles of the method in deducing the solution. It may therefore become a question whether it be not possible to simplify physical astronomy by calling in the aid only of the usual principles of dynamics, and by setting aside every formula or equation not absolutely necessary for arriving at the final results. The utility of such an attempt, if successful, can hardly be doubted. By rendering more accessible a subject of great interest and importance, the study of English mathematicians may be recalled to a theory which, although it originated in England, has not received the attention it deserves, and which it has met with in foreign countries. The paper which I have the honour to submit to the Royal Society, contains a complete determination of the variable elements of the elliptic orbit of a disturbed planet, deduced from three differential equations that follow readily from the mechanical conditions of the problem. In applying these equations, the procedure is the same whether a planet is urged by the sole action of the central force of the sun, or is besides disturbed by the attraction of other bodies revolving about that luminary; the only difference being that, in the first case, the elements of the orbit are all constant, whereas in the other case they are all variable. The success of the method here followed is derived from a new differential equation between the time and the area described by the planet in its momentary plane, which greatly shortens the investigation by making it unnecessary to consider the projection of the orbit. But the solution in this paper, although no reference is made to the analytical formulas of the theory of the variation of the arbitrary constants, is no less an application of that method, and an example of its utility and of the necessity of employing it in very complicated problems.

When a suicide becomes a forensic enigma: The role of hanging marks and tools of suspension

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santo Gratteri ◽  
Pietrantonio Ricci ◽  
Pietro Tarzia ◽  
Vittorio Fineschi ◽  
Matteo A Sacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
External Examination ◽  
Node Position

Death by hanging is asphyxiation when the body is suspended by means of a ligature. Most deaths by hanging are suicides, though occasionally they are accidental or a homicidal event. The characteristics of the hanging marks depend on the ligature used, the dynamics and on the node position with respect to the neck. When the crime scene is contaminated, the hanging mark must be checked with the type of suspension and ligatures used to establish how the hangings took place. We report on 20 cases (2013–2016) where the bodies were moved at or from the crime scene. We analysed the features of hanging marks, the tools of suspension and the ligatures employed in each case. Judicial inspections and an external examination were also carried out. Analysis of hanging marks enables the pathologist to clarify the manner of death and the type of hanging, and tools used especially where the crime scene has been contaminated and the body has been moved.

Prenatal nicotine is associated with reduced AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated rises in calcium within the laterodorsal tegmentum: a pontine nucleus involved in addiction processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. McNair ◽  
K. A. Kohlmeier
Keyword(s):  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus ◽  
Pontine Nucleus ◽  
Exposed Individual ◽  
Prenatal Nicotine

Despite huge efforts from public sectors to educate society as to the deleterious physiological consequences of smoking while pregnant, 12–25% of all babies worldwide are born to mothers who smoked during their pregnancies. Chief among the negative legacies bestowed to the exposed individual is an enhanced proclivity postnatally to addict to drugs of abuse, which suggests that the drug exposure during gestation changed the developing brain in such a way that biased it towards addiction. Glutamate signalling has been shown to be altered by prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) and glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter within the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT), which is a brainstem region importantly involved in responding to motivational stimuli and critical in development of drug addiction-associated behaviours, however, it is unknown whether PNE alters glutamate signalling within this nucleus. Accordingly, we used calcium imaging, to evaluate AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated calcium responses in LDT brain slices from control and PNE mice. We also investigated whether the positive AMPA receptor modulator cyclothiazide (CYZ) had differential actions on calcium in the LDT following PNE. Our data indicated that PNE significantly decreased AMPA receptor-mediated calcium responses, and altered the neuronal calcium response to consecutive NMDA applications within the LDT. Furthermore, CYZ strongly potentiated AMPA-induced responses, however, this action was significantly reduced in the LDT of PNE mice when compared with enhancements in responses in control LDT cells. Immunohistochemical processing confirmed that calcium imaging recordings were obtained from the LDT nucleus as determined by presence of cholinergic neurons. Our results contribute to the body of evidence suggesting that neurobiological changes are induced if gestation is accompanied by nicotine exposure. We conclude that in light of the role played by the LDT in motivated behaviour, the cellular changes in the LDT induced by exposures to nicotine prenatally, when combined with alterations in other reward-related regions, could contribute to the increased susceptibility to smoking observed in the offspring.

scholarly journals Visual Acuity Charts: Analytical Review, Basic Terms

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Maria A. Gracheva ◽  
Anna A. Kazakova ◽  
Dmitry F. Pokrovskiy ◽  
Igor B. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Modern Problem ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Analytical Review

Bronchial asthma (BA) and obesity are one of the major modern problem, requiring the development of an effective therapeutic strategy. The frequent combination of these diseases in one patient indicates the general pathophysiological mechanisms and future study for targeted drug exposure are needed. The endocannabinoid system is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and can be considered as a general mechanism and a potential therapeutic target in asthma and obesity, the receptors of the system are expressed in many central and peripheral tissues. This signal system modulates the functions of the autonomic nervous system, immune system and microcirculation, plays an important role in the regulation of energy balance, metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. The main research aimed at studying the functioning of this system was focused on neurology and psychiatry, while numerous scientific data demonstrate the importance of the participation of this system in the pathogenesis of other diseases. In particular, this system is involved in the mechanisms of obesity. The role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of asthma is actively studied. The wide prevalence of the endocannabinoid signaling system and its regulatory role in the body opens up prospects for therapeutic effects in the treatment of asthma and obesity, as well as the possible phenotype of asthma, combined with obesity. The review is devoted to modern ideas about endocannabinoids, their receptors, mechanisms of action and their role in the pathophysiology of asthma and obesity. The therapeutic prospects and difficulties associated with the use of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in medicine are discussed.

scholarly journals Storytelling and strategy: An examination of the role of stories in strategy communication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
James Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Insight Into

<p>This thesis explores the use of stories in strategy communication. Based on the premise that stories are powerful communication tools, and that communication is integral to strategy, the extent to which stories are used in strategy communication, and why stories are used to communicate strategy, are examined.  This thesis fits within the body of research on both narrative and stories in strategy, and strategy communication. The potential of stories in strategy has been considered previously, while language is increasingly seen as key to strategy, playing an integral role in both strategy communication and creation. However, much remains unknown about the role of stories in strategy communication. This thesis aims to contribute further knowledge in both these fields, developing original insights into the use and role of stories in strategy communication.  This thesis takes a two-stage, iterative interpretivist methodology, firstly by analysing annual reports to assess the extent to which stories are used to communicate strategy. Strategy creators, communicators and interpreters are then interviewed, to understand why stories are used in strategy communication.  The findings of this research, as an exploratory look at stories in strategy, provide insight into how and why organisations communicate strategy, comment on the extent to which stories are evident in strategy, and discuss motivations and influences that may underlie the use of stories to communicate strategy. This research provides a basis for further work do be done in the field of stories in strategy, and encourages researchers to further consider the role of stories not only in the communication of strategy, but also its creation. This research also draws heavily on the work of Barry and Elmes, and concludes by affirming Barry and Elmes notion that strategy is a prominent, integral, and powerful story organisations tell.</p>

scholarly journals Importance Autopsy for Investigation of a Case

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Besim Arifi
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
External Examination ◽  
The Right ◽  
Almost All

Among the very important investigative actions is the autopsy. It is conducted by forensic doctors that work-competent. The autopsy realized with a court order and performed the function of whitening/lightening of the investigation, given that the main purpose is to conduct the autopsy the cause of death. The assignment of cause of death, carried out with scientific methods by doctors who are open corpse are able to describe all wounds and other injuries caused by any means or substance that is used in connection with the case which has caused death person. Such a finding is of particular importance, because it orients the court and the prosecution in the right direction and also helps in determining the overall investigation. The autopsy realized that almost all cases of suspected violent death of any nature whatsoever. Also it developed to see the inside of the human body, through which remain wound caused by guns or by other means, as well as those who have followed the path during the passage through the human body. During the autopsy done and external examination of the corpse underskirt any stage or time that the body was found. Even if the corpse found after a certain time is still required an examination of detail of that corpse, to examine and ascertain the condition in which it found it first and wounds that had and description of all positions these wounds. We can say that a criminal investigation is halved in terms of its validity, if in this case the information is not developed autopsy. Professional court would not accept any test given on the case, if the same does not report detailed the autopsy.

scholarly journals Building Scaffolds for Tubular Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Boys ◽  
Sarah L. Barron ◽  
Damyan Tilev ◽  
Roisin M. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
General Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Tracheal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Hollow organs and tissue systems drive various functions in the body. Many of these hollow or tubular systems, such as vasculature, the intestines, and the trachea, are common targets for tissue engineering, given their relevance to numerous diseases and body functions. As the field of tissue engineering has developed, numerous benchtop models have been produced as platforms for basic science and drug testing. Production of tubular scaffolds for different tissue engineering applications possesses many commonalities, such as the necessity for producing an intact tubular opening and for formation of semi-permeable epithelia or endothelia. As such, the field has converged on a series of manufacturing techniques for producing these structures. In this review, we discuss some of the most common tissue engineered applications within the context of tubular tissues and the methods by which these structures can be produced. We provide an overview of the general structure and anatomy for these tissue systems along with a series of general design criteria for tubular tissue engineering. We categorize methods for manufacturing tubular scaffolds as follows: casting, electrospinning, rolling, 3D printing, and decellularization. We discuss state-of-the-art models within the context of vascular, intestinal, and tracheal tissue engineering. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the future for these fields.

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