scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of endometriosis-associated infertility therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
V. I. Kulakov ◽  
А. S. Gasparov ◽  
T. А. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Different Levels

Endometnosis is not a disease of individual organs and systems, but of the whole organism, the treatment of which requires complex action. The effect of all drugs used to treat endometriosis is to suppress growth factors and the development of pathological implants at different levels of the system - from the hypothalamus to target organs. The problem of restoring reproductive function in patients with endometriosis-associated infertility remains very urgent at the present time. This is due to the prevalence of this pathological process - in the structure of female infertility, endometriosis is about 50%.

Morphological features of endo- and myometrium in patients with uterine leiomyoma and infertility

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Flaksenberg ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Simple Type ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Blastocyst Implantation

The objective: determination of morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Materials and methods. In order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease, morphofunctional features of leiomatous nodes and endometrium in women with uterine leiomyoma and infertility were determined. Thirty samples of leiomyomatous nodes and endometrium were examined, among which 15 were obtained from women with multiple uterine leiomyoma and infertility and 15 samples from women with uterine leiomyoma with isolated uterine leiomyoma. During the study, a general-histological method was used for staining with hematoxylin-eosin and picrofuxin by van Gizon, as well as immunohistochemical methods. Histological examination of the endometrium was performed according to conventional protocol, taking into account the day of the menstrual cycle and R.W. Noyes criteria. Results. In the morphological examination of leiomyomatous nodes in the vast majority of cases the presence of uterine leiomyomas of simple and cell types or their combination was established. In women with multiple uterine leiomyoma, simple-type leiomyoma (53.3%) was predominant, and in patients with isolated leiomyoma the signs of cellular uterine leiomyoma (66.7%) were more frequently found. In 80.0% of women with uterine leiomyoma revealed pathology of the endometrium, such as glandular and glandular-fibrous polyps, simple and complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which confirms the theory about the only pathogenetic mechanisms of the emergence of hyperplastic processes of female organs. In 66.7% of women with multiple leiomyomas, signs of chronic endometritis have been found, which exacerbates the pathological process and can have a negative impact on the reproductive function, such as secretory endometrial transformation and impaired blastocyst implantation, and explains a much higher percentage of infertility in the group. Conclusion. In women with impaired reproductive function, patients with uterine leiomyoma, it is necessary to conduct a study of the receptivity of the reproductive organs, namely - the endometrium and leiomatous nodes. This will make it possible to use one or another method of treatment in order to restore reproductive function and prevent recurrence of the underlying disease. Keywords: infertility, uterine leiomyoma, endometrium, receptive apparatus.

The value of endoscopic examination methods in infertile marriage

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
I. E. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Important Stage ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Endoscopic Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

To optimize the management of infertile women the estimation of efficacy of endoscopic methods of treatment (laparoscopy and hysteroscopy) in this category of patients was undertaken. With the method of retrospective analysis clinico- laboratory and endoscopic examination of2785 sterile pairs was carried out. The results of the study showed that endoscopic methods are not only the most important stage of diagnostics but also the first pathogenetically substantiated stage in treating female infertility. It became clear that half of the patients demonstrated from 2 till 5 factors in pathogenesis of reproductive function abnormalities that brings on the necessity of elaboratingthe algorithm of treatingparticular patients considering the disturbances revealed.So, to increase the effectiveness of treating the patients in question, distinct standards of medical care should be put into practice.

scholarly journals What Is a Hormone?

2020 ◽  
pp. S183-S185
Author(s):  
L. STÁRKA ◽  
M. DUŠKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Starling’s original definition of a hormone from 1905 was “a hormone is a substance produced by glands with internal secretion, which serve to carry signals through the blood to target organs”. Today, this definition is understood to be lacking, but newer definitions also do not encompass the entire meaning of hormones as specific carriers of information. One main problem is that there is no delineation between hormones and other signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth factors or autacoid compounds. It seems that a precise definition is not even possible, since some cytokines and growth factors, such as the cytokines erythropoietin, lipocalin-2 and asprosin or fibroblast growth factor 23, act as hormones under certain conditions.

scholarly journals Specifics of Hormonal Status in Combined Dishormonal Pathology of the Uterus and Mammary Glands in Reproductive Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Shelygin ◽  
Nadezhda S. Guziy ◽  
Viktoria S. Kaplitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Hormonal Dysfunction ◽  
Endocrine Status

The combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and mammary glands represents a great danger to the health of a woman, as well as impairs the quality of life, reduces the reproductive capacity of a woman and leads to premature loss of reproductive function. Steroid hormones play a large role in the regulation of proliferative changes in the uterus and mammary glands. Regulation of target organs, uterus and mammary glands, due to the presence of common mechanisms associated with the presence of the receptor apparatus in the tissues of these organs to sex hormones. The general links of pathogenesis and the high frequency of combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands are of interest to study not only isolated forms of proliferation, but also the development of a unified systematic approach to the study of this pathology. In recent times, there are opposing views on the role of hormonal dysfunction as a factor in proliferative processes. The management tactics of patients with pathological changes in the mammary gland in various gynecological diseases is an assessment of endocrine status, normalization of hormonal and metabolic disorders, especially when progesterone and cortisol are excreted, testosterone levels are increased, and hyperprolactinemia is affected. Special attention should be paid to patients with menstrual disorders, reproductive health disorders. We believe that the problem of the hyperproliferative processes of the uterus and mammary glands should not be considered only from the perspective of gynecological or mammological practice. This pathology is polymorphic and should have broad interdisciplinary connections with such disciplines as oncology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, psychiatry, therapy, pathomorphology, histology, obstetrics and gynecology. Only by studying all possible links of etiopathogenesis, by combining interdisciplinary communication, it is possible to effectively fight for the quality of patients with a combined pathology of the uterus and mammary glands. Family planning, prevention of unplanned pregnancy, timely implementation of maternity, prevention of miscarriage, the use of modern contraceptives, support for breastfeeding is also of high importance for the prevention of disorders and the preservation, extension of reproductive capabilities, and the prevention of combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and breast.

Female Reproductive Function

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Basal Membrane ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Attachment Region

The production of germ cells is essential for the continuation of a species. In the female this function is accomplished by the ovaries. In addition, the ovaries secrete steroids and nonsteroidal hormones that not only regulate the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones but also act on various target organs, including the ovaries themselves, the uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, mammary gland, and bone. Morphologically, the ovary has three regions: an outer cortex that contains the oocytes and represents most of the mass of the ovary; the inner medulla, formed by stromal cells and cells with steroid-producing characteristics; and the hilum, which, in addition to serving as the point of entry of the nerves and blood vessels, represents the attachment region of the gland to the mesovarium. The cortex, which is enveloped by the germinal epithelium, contains the follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary. They are present in different states of development or degeneration (atresia), each enclosing an oocyte. In addition to the oocyte, ovarian follicles have two other cellular components: granulosa cells, which surround the oocyte, and thecal cells, which are separated from the granulosa cells by a basal membrane and are arranged in concentric layers around this membrane. The follicles are embedded in the stroma, which is composed of supportive connective cells similar to that of other tissues, interstitial secretory cells, and neurovascular elements. The medulla has a heterogeneous population of cells, some of which are morphologically similar to the Leydig cells in the testes. These cells predominate in the ovarian hilum; their neoplastic transformation results in excess androgen production. The ovary produces both steroids and peptidergic hormones. Whereas the steroids are synthesized in both interstitial and follicular cells, peptidergic hormones are primarily produced in follicular cells and, after ovulation, by cells of the corpus luteum. The initial precursor for steroid biosynthesis is cholesterol, which derives from animal fats of the diet or from local synthesis.

The effect of feeding intensity during the dry period on plasma leptin and time to return to cyclicity in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Holtenius ◽  
S. Agenäs ◽  
H. Gustafsson ◽  
C. Delavaud ◽  
Y. Chillard
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Much evidence has accumulated showing that female reproductive functions are disrupted when changes in nutritional status take place in both over- and undernutrition. The peptide hormone leptin is considered a possible link between nutrition and reproduction. One objective with the present study was to investigate how different levels of feed intake during the dry period, thereby creating differences in body condition at parturition, affected the plasma leptin concentration and the reproductive function after parturition.

MASCULINIZING EFFECTS OF A TESTICULAR INTERSTITIAL CELL TUMOUR GRAFT ON FEMALE RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
NATALIE POURREAU-SCHNEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Cell Tumour ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Palpable Nodule

SUMMARY An androgen-producing testicular interstitial cell tumour of rats was grafted into intact and spayed female rats. The tumour inhibited luteinization, produced follicular atresia, stimulated the uterine myometrium and endometrium, and caused vaginal mucus formation. Anoestrus set in and mating behaviour disappeared, rendering gestation impossible. After surgical removal of the tumour, the masculinization disappeared rapidly. With the return of vaginal oestrus (sometimes only 4 days after removal of the tumour) most of the rats mated and gave birth to normal young. When a palpable nodule reappeared, the reproductive function was again lost. The tumour produced similar changes in the target organs of spayed females. The inhibitory action of the endocrine tumour on pituitary gonadotrophic hormone production was shown by the absence of castration cells in the pituitary of the tumour-bearing spayed female.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Novel Estrogen Receptor-β-Sparing Antiprogestins

Endocrinology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 3071-3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Sathya ◽  
Michelle S. Jansen ◽  
Susan C. Nagel ◽  
C. Edgar Cook ◽  
Donald P. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Peptide Analogs ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Molecular Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Recent Demonstration

Abstract The steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone together regulate the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system. The actions of these two hormones are mediated by their respective nuclear receptors located within overlapping cell populations in target organs. The molecular mechanism of action of these two hormones has been defined to a large extent using estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) antagonists. In the case of ER, the available antagonists are highly receptor selective. With respect to PR, however, the available antiprogestins also interact with the receptors for glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. Whereas these cross-reactivities can usually be managed in studies of female reproductive function, it is the recent demonstration that RU486 is an effective antagonist of the β-isoform of ER that suggested the need for more selective antiprogestins. In this study, we used cell-based transcriptional assays combined with screens using coactivator peptide analogs to identify two novel classes of antiprogestins that distinguish themselves from the antiprogestin RU486 in the manner they interact with PR. One class exhibits the characteristics of a pure antiprogestin in that its members bind to the receptor and induce a conformational change that prevents the presentation of two potential coactivator binding surfaces on the protein. The second class of compounds distinguish themselves from RU486 in that they are ERβ sparing. When tested in vivo the ER-sparing antiprogestins were as effective as RU486 in suppressing superovulation. It is anticipated that the availability of these new antiprogestins will advance the studies of PR pharmacology in a manner similar to how the availability of selective ER modulators has helped the study of ER action.

Clinical and morphological parallels of lung and kidney damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
A. S. Litvinov ◽  
A. V. Savin ◽  
A. A. Kukhtina ◽  
D. A. Sitovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Acute Renal Injury ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Autopsy Data ◽  
Lung And Kidney

This article reviews the available literature on the SARS-Cov-2 virus and its similarities with its predecessors. The mechanisms of infection due to the structure and epidemiology of the virus are described. Based on these data, the pathogenesis of COVID- 19 infection is described. Based on this, the authors suggest probable extrapulmonary target cells and target organs for the virus depending on their expression ofthe vector protein, APF-2. The article describes a classic clinical picture of the disease, possible complications of its course, and the extrapulmonary (cardiac, immunological, renal) manifestations ofthe infection. The authors traced and described the chain of knowledge about the involvement of the kidneys in the pathological process at COVID-19. Based on numerous studies, we are looking at the site of acute renal injury, coagulopathy, systemic inflammatory response in the spectrum of manifestations of COVID-19 relative to kidneys in patients with COVID-19, including those with hemodialysis. The article builds clinical-morphological associations between lung and kidney damage at COVID-19. We present new data on the pathomorphological manifestations of COVID-19 in the lungs, including own autopsy data. Specificsigns of the effects of the virus on alveolocytes and its cytopathic effect are highlighted and described. The article focuses on kidney signs of infection. The authors give new results of their own observations obtained during an autopsy of patients with COVID-19. Detailed morphological changes in kidney structures have been described, proving that the human kidney is a specific target for SARS-Cov-2 infection, and can also serve as a viral reservoir for the pathogen, playing a role in its subsequent persistence.

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