scholarly journals The relevance of cytokine indicators in the hemorrhagic transformation development of cerebral infarction risk measuring

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
T A Nikiforova ◽  
B M Doronin ◽  
S A Peskov
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Plasma Cytokines ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Development Risk

The purpose of this research is to study the prognostic role of cytokines in plasma in patients with cerebral infarction while assessing the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.Materials and methods. Three groups of patients were identified. Group 1: 66 patients with cerebral infarction without hemorrhagic transformation (CI without HT), mean age 63.9 ± 1.3 years. Group 2: 27 patients with cerebral infarction and with hemorrhagic transformation (CI with HT), mean age was 65.9 ± 2.5 years. Group 3: 65 patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH), average age - 58.8 ± 1.6 years. The plasma cytokines concentration measurement (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra, IL-10, IL-4) was performed on the 1st, 2nd and 10th days after the stroke manifestation. The control group - 55 donors cytokines indicators.Results. In the CI with HT group, compared with the CI without HT group and the CH group, the lowest levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were detected on the 1st, 2nd and 10th day since the disease symptoms, and, conversely, the highest IL-1Pa values were revealed on the 1st and 2nd days; IL-4 values - on the 1st and 10th days (p < 0.05). The high HT development risk factors on the 1st day of the disease symptoms are IL-6 ≥ 46.6 pg/ml, IL-8 ≥ 14.7 pg/ml, IL-10 ≥ 12.1 pg/ml, IL-4 ≥ 7.6 pg/ml. In contrast, IL-1β ≥ 1.9 pg/ml, TNF-α ≥ 14.4 pg/ml indicate a low probability of HT development.Conclusion. Predictors of the CI HT development risk on the 1st day of the disease are plasma cytokines indicators IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4.

scholarly journals The effect of immunomodulators on various markers of the acute inflammation phase in patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
M. P. Kostinov ◽  
V. V. Gaynitdinova ◽  
S. V. Kazharova ◽  
V. N. Zorina ◽  
V. B. Polischuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Inflammation ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The objective: to study the effect of immunomodulators on markers of the acute inflammation phase in patients with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Subjects and methods. Patients (n = 64) with mild CAP (39.62 ± 9.82 years, CRB – 650.15 ± 0.04 scores) were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (control) received only standard CAP therapy; in the other two groups, immunomodulators were prescribed simultaneously with standard therapy: in Group 2 – bacterial lysate (BL), in Group 3 – azoximer bromide (AB). In the patients, the blood levels of IL-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactoferrin were tested before treatment (day 1), and on days 13 and 60 of observation.Results. The initial levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and lactoferrin in the patients were statistically significantly higher above normal ones. A significant decrease in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP was found in all patients on the 13th and 60th days of observation compared to the 1st day, the maximum reduction was observed in the patients receiving immunomodulators. The biggest decrease in the level of lactoferrin on the 60th day of observation was noted in the group of patients taking BL. The changes in the rate of TNF-α and IL-6 levels decrease on the 13th and 60th days were also statistically significantly more pronounced (compared to the control group). The changes in the rate of decreasing from the baseline on the 13th and 60th days in TNF-α in the BL Group made 44 [-64; -32]% and 85 [-89; -82]%; in the AB Group – 28 [-40; -20]% and 82 [-86; -80]%; in IL-6 in the BL group – 32 [-40; -18]% and 86 [-90; -85]%, in the AB group – 45 [-53; -38]% and 86 [-88; -84]%. In the control group, this parameter for TNF-α was 18 [-32; -8]% and 64 [-78; -56]%, for IL-6 – 11 [-20; -1]% and 75 [-81; -74]%.Conclusion. The addition of immunomodulators (BL, AB) to the therapy of patients with mild CAP results in statistically significant decrease in the blood levels of biomarkers of the acute inflammation phase on the 13th and 60th days.

scholarly journals THE SURVIVAL RATE OF CHICK EMBRYO INFLUENCED BY NICOTINE AND ANTIOXIDANT GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029-32
Author(s):  
Maryam Shan ◽  
Shazia Muazam ◽  
Hina Shan ◽  
Fahad Atta ◽  
Zubia Iftikhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Objectives: To study the effects of Nicotine on the survival rate of chick embryo and to evaluate the preventive role by the antioxidant green tea camellia sinensis. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. Methodology: A total of 75 Fayoumi fresh fertilized eggs were kept at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. Experimental solutions were injected to the eggs of four groups at forty-eight hours of incubation and the effect on the growth was recorded and compared with the control group. The control and experimental groups were observed to assess the effects of Nicotine and the role of antioxidant green tea Camellia sinensis on the survival rate and growth of chick embryo’s femur. Results: The control group (group-1) showed 100% survival rate of embryos. The experimental group-2 showed survival rate of 100% embryos and the group-3 and group-4 showed survival rate 50% and 70% of embryos, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea decreases the oxidative stress caused by the Nicotine.

An antibody of TNF-alpha did not prevent thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulvi Demirel ◽  
Murat MM Harputluoglu ◽  
Yuksel Seckin ◽  
Harun Ciralik ◽  
Ismail Temel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Serum Ammonia ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibodies have been shown to reduce liver damage in different models. We investigated the effects of infliximab (a TNF-α antibody) on liver damage in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Group 1 (n = 8) was the control group. In group 2 (n = 8), the TAA group, the rats received 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) TAA daily for 2 days. In group 3 (n = 8), the TAA + Infliximab (INF) group, infliximab (5 mg/kg ip daily) was administered 48 hours before the first dose of TAA daily for 2 days and was maintained for 4 consecutive days. In group 4 (n = 8), the INF group, the rats received only ip infliximab (5 mg/kg) daily. Livers were excised for histopathological and biochemical tests (thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances [TBARS], and myeloperoxidase [MPO]). Serum ammonia, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), TNF-α, liver TBARS and MPO levels, and liver necrosis and inflammation scores in the TAA group were significantly higher than in the control and INF groups (all p < 0.01). All parameters except AST were not significantly different between TAA and TAA + INF. In conclusion, our results suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in TAA-induced hepatotoxicity, and infliximab does not improve oxidative liver damage.

scholarly journals Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on Cytokine Levels and Haemostatic and Biochemical Parameters in A Rat Endotoxaemic Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Ramazan Col ◽  
Zafer Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract The presented study was planned to determine whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could prevent cytokine haemostatic, haematological, and biochemical disturbances in LPS-treated rats. Adult male Wistar rats (weight range: 200-250 g) were used. The study included four groups: group 1 served as a control group (C); animals in group 2 were given intravenously 1.6 mg/100 g of LPS (E. coli, serotype 0.111:B4); in group 3, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 25 ng/kg of VIP; in group 4, the same doses of VIP and LPS were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after treatments. In endotoxaemic rats, platelet count, fibrinogen, and antithrombin levels were decreased, the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged, and leucopoenia, as well as significant changes in differential leukocyte percentage were demonstrated. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma TNF- , IL-6, and IL-10 levels, and AST, ALT, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations. However, it caused a statistically significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels when compared to control group. The results showed that during endotoxaemia, VIP had moderately therapeutic effect as an antiinflammatory agent, suppressing TNF-α and IL-6, and stimulating IL-10; however, it was not effective against the adverse effect of LPS on investigated haematological and biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals A Cardioprotective Role of Nerium oleander with the Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 2A mRNA by Increasing Antioxidant Enzymes in Rat Heart Tissue

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mustafa Hitit ◽  
Orhan Corum ◽  
Duygu Durna Corum ◽  
Huseyin Donmez ◽  
Gul Cetin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Nerium oleander (NO) distillate is used to either protect heart cells against oxidative stress or reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) regulate cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms under hypoxic conditions in which heart cells survive; however, the key responsible mechanism of NO distillate for cardioprotection remains elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on heart tissue at different time intervals after administering NO distillateintraperitoneally (IP) while considering the transcriptional regulation of HIFs and representative antioxidant enzymes.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The NO plant was chopped, and distillated water was added. The mixture was distilled, and the distillate separated and collected into tubes, after which it was lyophilized to obtain dry material. Twenty male Wistar albino rats (2-3 month-old, 250-300 geach) were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (n = 5) received IP injections of saline; the remaining 15 rats received IP injections of a single dose of 7.5 mL NO distillate. The NO distillate injected rats were divided into three groupsaccording to the time from injection to harvest the heart tissue samples. The tissues were collected at 0 h (control; n = 5), 2 h (group 2; n = 5), 4 h (group 3; n = 5), and 8 h (group 4; n = 5) after injection and under general anesthesia (60 mg/kg ketamine, IP + 10 mg/kg xylazine, IP).Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to assess the expression profiles of the genes of interest in the heart tissues. Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was used as the reference gene. The expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) mRNA was in a steady state level between the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05); however, it significantly increased in group 3 and 4 compared with that in the control (P &lt; 0.05). Expression of catalase (CAT) mRNA was significantly higher in group 2 than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05) although it was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.05); however, it appeared to be similar among the control group, group 3, and group 4 (P &gt; 0.05). Copper (Cu) SOD mRNA was equallyexpressed in both the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05) but was lower in group 3 and 4 than in group 2 (P &lt; 0.05). Expressions of HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA were detected in the rat heart tissues in the control and 2, 4, and 8 h after administration of NO distillate. Expression ofHIF1A mRNA was in a steady state and did not differ among groups 2, 3, and 4 (P &gt; 0.05). Similarly, the expression of HIF2A mRNA did not change between the control group and group 2 (P &gt; 0.05); however, it was higher in group 3 than in the control (P &lt; 0.05) and tended to behigher in group 3 than in group 2 (P = 0.063). HIF3A mRNA expression did not change significantly in the heart tissue of any of the groups (P &gt; 0.05).Discussion: The present study using rats determined that MnSOD, CAT, CuSOD, HIF1A, HIF2A, and HIF3A mRNA are expressed in the heart tissues after administration of NO distillate. The increased expression of HIF2A mRNA after 4 h in accordance with a rise in CAT mRNA after 2 h, and MnSOD mRNA after 4 and 8 h might confirm the role of HIF2A mRNA in oxidative stress defense by regulating antioxidant enzymes; consequently, this study may expand our understanding of uses of NO distillate with respect to molecular pathways.

scholarly journals Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention Method for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological Key

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Castrogiovanni ◽  
Michelino Di Rosa ◽  
Silvia Ravalli ◽  
Alessandro Castorina ◽  
Claudia Guglielmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate physical activity (MPA) on the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-13) and anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective (IL-4, IL-10, lubricin) biomarkers in the synovium of an OA-induced rat model. A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: Control rats (Group 1); rats performing MPA (Group 2); anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-rats with OA (Group 3); and, ACLT-rats performing MPA (Group 4). Analyses were performed using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. In Group 3, OA biomarkers were significantly increased, whereas, IL-4, IL-10, and lubricin were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. We hypothesize that MPA might partake in rescuing type B synoviocyte dysfunction at the early stages of OA, delaying the progression of the disease.

scholarly journals Iron metabolism, cytokine secretion in patients with rheumatologic pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 691-698
Author(s):  
V. T. Sakhin ◽  
E. V. Kryukov ◽  
M. A. Grigoryev ◽  
S. P. Kazakov ◽  
A. V. Sotnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Aim. To study the eff ect of hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR ), and cytokines on iron metabolism and the development of anemia in rheumatologic patients, to propose a working version of the classifi cation of anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) according to the major nosotropic factor.Material and methods. 126 patients with rheumatic disease, 34 men (45.8 (36–54.9) years old), 92 women (49.5 (38–60) years old) were examined. Group 1 included 41 patients with ACD. Group 2 included 29 patients with the combination of ACD and IDA and 34 patients with iron defi ciency anemia (IDA). Group 3 included 34 patients with IDA and 29 — with the combination of ACD and IDA. Control group included 22 patients without anemia. Comparative analysis between groups with and without anemia and correlation analysis of hemogram parameters, iron metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP), hepcidin, sTfR , interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-10, interferon gamma (INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were performed.Results. In the ACD group, the concentrations of hepcidin, ferritin, CRP, IL-6 were increased in comparison with other groups. The correlation was revealed between erythrocytes, hemoglobin and IL-6 (r = −0.3 and −0.6), IL-10 (r = −0.4 and −0.4), INF-γ (r = −0.4 and −0.3), TNF-α (r = −0.3 and −0.3), hepcidin (r = −0.5 and −0.7), sTfR (r = −0.5 and −0.7). Dependence was shown between IL-6 and iron (r = –0.6), transferrin saturation index (TSI) (r = −0.5), ferritin (r = −0.5), CRP (r = 0.5), between TNF-α and TIBС (r = −0.6), transferrin (r = −0.6), ferritin (r = −0.7), between IL-1β and TIBC, ferritin, transferrin (r = −0.4). The correlation was noted between hepcidin and IL-6 (r = 0.5), IL-10 (r = 0.4), between sTfR and IL-6 (r = 0.4), IL-10 (r = 0.6), INF-γ (r = 0.4).Conclusion. The multicomponent genesis of anemia in patients with rheumatologic disease was detected. The signifi cance of disorders in iron metabolism, the eff ect of hepcidin, sTfR and cytokines on the development of anemia was found. A working version of ACD classifi cation (with a predominant iron defi ciency, with violations of the regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis, with insuffi cient production of erythropoietin) has been put forward.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera Extract Extenuates Echis ocellatus Venom-Induced Toxicities, Histopathological Impairments and Inflammation via Enhancement of Nrf2 Expression in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-115
Author(s):  
Akindele O. Adeyi ◽  
Sodiq O. Adeyemi ◽  
Enoh-Obong P. Effiong ◽  
Babafemi S. Ajisebiola ◽  
Olubisi E. Adeyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Haematological Indices ◽  
Nrf2 Expression ◽  
Potential Remedy

Echis ocellatus snakebite causes more fatalities than all other African snake species combined. Moringa oleifera reportedly possesses an antivenom property. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of M. oleifera ethanol extract (MOE) against E. ocellatus venom (EOV) toxicities. Thirty male rats were grouped as follows (n = 5): Group 1 (normal control received saline), groups 2 to 6 were administered intraperitoneally, 0.22 mg/kg (LD50) of EOV. Group 2 was left untreated while group 3 to 6 were treated post-envenoming with 0.2 mL of polyvalent antivenom, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of MOE respectively. MOE significantly (p<0.05) normalized the altered haematological indices and blood electrolytes profiles. MOE attenuated venom-induced cellular dysfunctions, characterized by a significant increase in NRF2, and concomitant downregulation of increased antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) activities in the serum and heart of the treated rats. MOE normalized the elevated TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and heart tissues. Furthermore, the IgG titre value was significantly (p<0.5) higher in the envenomed untreated group compared to the MOE-treated groups. Hemorrhagic, hemolytic and coagulant activities of the venom were strongly inhibited by the MOE dose, dependently. Lesions noticed on tissues of vital organs of untreated rats were abolished by MOE. Our findings substantiate the effectiveness of MOE as a potential remedy against EOV toxicities.

Active head movements facilitate compensation for effects of prism displacement on dynamic gait12

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Kim R. Gottshall ◽  
Michael E. Hoffer ◽  
Helen S. Cohen ◽  
Robert J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Study design: Four groups, between-subjects study. Objectives: To investigate the effects of exercise on adaptation of normal subjects who had been artificially spatially disoriented. Background: Many patients referred for rehabilitation experience sensory changes, due to age or disease processes, and these changes affect motor skill. The best way to train patients to adapt to these changes and to improve their sensorimotor skills is unclear. Using normal subjects, we tested the hypothesis that active, planned head movement is needed to adapt to modified visual input. Methods and measures: Eighty male and female subjects who had normal balance on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) and the dynamic gait index (DGI), were randomly assigned to four groups. All groups donned diagonally shift lenses and were again assessed with CDP and DGI. The four groups were then treated for 20 min. Group 1 (control group) viewed a video, Group 2 performed exercise that involved translating the entire body through space, but without separate, volitional head movement, Group 3 performed exercises which all incorporated volitional, planned head rotations, and Group 4 performed exercises that involved translating the body (as in Group 2) and incorporated volitional, planned head motion (as in Group 3). All subjects were post-tested with CDP and DGI, lenses were removed, and subjects were retested again with CDP and DGI. Results: The groups did not differ significantly on CDP scores but Groups 3 and 4 had significantly better DGI scores than Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: Active head movement that is specifically planned as part of the exercise is more effective than passive attention or head movements that are not consciously planned, for adapting to sensorimotor change when it incorporates active use of the changed sensory modality, in this case head motion.

scholarly journals Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. Batista ◽  
Igor M. Batista ◽  
João P. Almeida ◽  
Carlos H. Carvalho ◽  
Samuel B. de Castro-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2% can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

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