scholarly journals NEUTROPHILS’ FUNCTIONAL STATE IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1S) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
P A Ivanov ◽  
A A Shmakova ◽  
N M Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Microglial Phagocytosis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Peripheral Markers

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease of older age, which is associated with the deposition of amyloid-beta polymerized peptide (consisting of 42 amino-acid residues) in the brain. The microglial phagocytosis disturbance, which is observed during AD, is possibly the key factor in the process. The research of neutrophils in patients with AD is of special interest due to the pressing problem of finding peripheral markers of AD. Analysis of neutrophils’ functional state in patients with AD is the objective of the present study. A reliable decrease of neutrophils’ phagocytic activity was established in group of patients with AD in comparison with control group (p < 0,05) (PI = 1.16 [0.64; 2.68] and PI = 2.34 [2.06; 2.85], respectively). A reliable increase of leukocytic elastase (LE) enzymatic activity (p < 0.05) was discovered in neutrophil lysate in AD group compared to control (LE = 0.43 [0.29; 0.77] and 0.29 [0.26; 0.38], respectively) at the same time. Comparison of PI and LE indicators in neutrophils’ lysate of AD group showed negative correlation between these parameters (r = 0.49, p < 0.05), which means that phagocytosis reduction during AD is accompanied by simultaneous LE activity increase in lysate of these cells.The obtained results allow to draw a conclusion that neutrophils’ phagocytic activity decreases during AD. Thus, discovered changes in neutrophils’ functional state can be considered as a potential peripheral AD marker.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Active Group Music Intervention versus Group Music Listening in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8067
Author(s):  
María Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Juan Cándido Gómez-Gallego ◽  
María Gallego-Mellado ◽  
Javier García-García
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Music Intervention ◽  
Behavioural Symptoms

Background: Music interventions are promising therapies for the management of symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Globally, music interventions can be classified as active or receptive depending on the participation of the subjects. Active and receptive music tasks engage different brain areas that might result in distinctive clinical effects. This study aims to compare the clinical effects of two types of music interventions and a control activity. Methods: Ninety AD patients from six nursing homes participated in the study. Nursing homes were randomly and blindly assigned to receive either active music intervention, receptive music intervention, or the usual care. Effects on cognition, behaviour, daily living activities, and motor function were assessed. Results: Active music intervention improved cognition, behaviour, and functional state in a higher extent than both receptive music intervention and usual care. The effect size of active music intervention for cognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms was large (η2 = 0.62 and 0.61, respectively), while for functional state, it was small-to-medium sized (η2 = 0.18). Receptive music intervention had a stabilizing effect on behavioural symptoms compared to control intervention (mean change from baseline ± standard deviation = −0.76 ± 3.66 and 3.35 ± 3.29, respectively). In the active music intervention, the percentage of patients who showed improvement in cognitive deficits (85.7), behavioural symptoms (92.9), and functional state (46.4) was higher than in both receptive listening (11.8, 42.9, and 14.3, respectively) and control group (6.3, 12.2, and 17.1, respectively). Conclusions: Active music intervention is useful to improve symptoms of AD and should be prescribed as a complement to the usual treatment.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Content and Circulating Erythropoietin

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Petter Järemo ◽  
Alenka Jejcic ◽  
Vesna Jelic ◽  
Tasmin Shahnaz ◽  
Homira Behbahani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Oxygen Release ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
2,3 Dpg

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) features the accumulation of β-amyloid in erythrocytes. The subsequent red cell damage may well affect their oxygen-carrying capabilities. 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binds to the hemoglobin thereby promoting oxygen release. It is theorized that 2,3-DPG is reduced in AD and that the resulting hypoxia triggers erythropoietin (EPO) release. Methods & Objective: To explore this theory, we analyzed red cell 2,3-DPG content and EPO in AD, mild cognitive impairment, and the control group, subjective cognitive impairment. Results: We studied (i) 2,3-DPG in red cells, and (ii) circulating EPO in AD, and both markers were unaffected by dementia. Disturbances of these oxygen-regulatory pathways do not appear to participate in brain hypoxia in AD.

scholarly journals Women have Farther to Fall: Gender Differences Between Normal Elderly and Alzheimer's Disease in Verbal Memory Engender Better Detection of Alzheimer's Disease in Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chapman ◽  
Mark Mapstone ◽  
Margaret N. Gardner ◽  
Tiffany C. Sandoval ◽  
John W. McCrary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Immediate Recall

AbstractWe analyzed verbal episodic memory learning and recall using the Logical Memory (LM) subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III to determine how gender differences in AD compare to those seen in normal elderly and whether or not these differences impact assessment of AD. We administered the LM to both an AD and a Control group, each comprised of 21 men and 21 women, and found a large drop in performance from normal elders to AD. Of interest was a gender interaction whereby the women's scores dropped 1.6 times more than the men's did. Control women on average outperformed Control men on every aspect of the test, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and learning. Conversely, AD women tended to perform worse than AD men. Additionally, the LM achieved perfect diagnostic accuracy in discriminant analysis of AD versus Control women, a statistically significantly higher result than for men. The results indicate the LM is a more powerful and reliable tool in detecting AD in women than in men. (JINS, 2011, 17, 654–662)

Neuroprotective Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Indigofera aspalathoides against Scopalamine induced Alzheimer's Disease in Experimental Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 5163-5168
Author(s):  
Rajaram C. ◽  
S. Nelson Kumar ◽  
S. S. Sheeba Tabassum ◽  
Manohar R. ◽  
Sumanjali C.
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Anticancer Activities

The plant Indigofera aspalathoides is a traditional medicine with tremendous therapeutic potential which finds it use in treatment of various ailments such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities. There are no reports that related to the use of this plant in treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Hence present study was aimed to scientifically evaluate the neuroprotective effect of the methanolic extract of Indigofera aspalathoides against scopalamine induced Alzheimer’s disease in experimental rats using behavioral tests like elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and rota-rod tests. In addition to this, biochemical evaluation for acetylcholinesterase activity and histopathological evaluation of brain were done. The results suggests that methanolic extract Indigofera aspalathoides (200mg/kg B.wt and 400mg/kg B.wt) used in this study shows significant improvement of various behavioral parameters like locomotion, anxiety, memory, motor integrity and coordination etc when compared to control group. MEIA inhibited brain AChE enzyme, thereby elevating Ach concentration in brain homogenate and ultimately improved memory of rats. Further, more or less normal histological structure of the hippocampus and all amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that are formed under the influence of scopolamine disappeared in the rats pretreated with MEIA (200mg/kg B.wt and 400mg/kg B.wt). It can be concluded that our results strongly support the anti-Alzheimer’s potential of the methanolic extract of the plant I.aspalathoides and its use in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Gestational Stress Augments Postpartum β-Amyloid Pathology and Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 3712-3724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Jafari ◽  
Jogender Mehla ◽  
Bryan E Kolb ◽  
Majid H Mohajerani
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plaque Size ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Gestational Stress

Abstract Besides well-known risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), stress, and in particular noise stress (NS), is a lifestyle risk factor common today. It is known that females are at a significantly greater risk of developing AD than males, and given that stress is a common adversity in females during pregnancy, we hypothesized that gestational noise exposure could exacerbate the postpartum development of the AD-like neuropathological changes during the life span. Pregnant APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F mice were randomly assigned to either the stress condition or control group. The stress group was exposed to the NS on gestational days 12–16, which resulted in a markedly higher hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responsivity during the postpartum stage. Higher amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and larger Aβ plaque size in the olfactory area were the early onset impacts of the gestational stress (GS) seen at the age of 4 months. This pattern of increased Aβ aggregation and larger plaque size were observed in various brain areas involved in both AD and stress regulation, especially in limbic structures, at the age of 6 months. The GS also produced anxiety-like behavior, deficits in learning and memory, and impaired motor coordination. The findings suggest that environmental stresses during pregnancy pose a potential risk factor in accelerating postpartum cognitive decline and AD-like neuropathological changes in the dams (mothers) later in life.

scholarly journals Lipid Peroxidation in Chronic Cerebral HypoperfusionInduced Neurodegeneration in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar S ◽  
Saif SA ◽  
Oothuman P ◽  
Mustafa MIA
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vessel Occlusion

Introduction: Reduced cerebral blood fl ow is associated with neurodegenerative disorders and dementia, in particular. Experimental evidence has demonstrated the initiating role of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in neuronal damage to the hippocampus, the cerebral cortex, the white matter areas and the visual system. Permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries of rats (two vessel occlusion - 2VO) has been introduced for the reproduction of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion as it occurs in Alzheimer’s disease and human aging. Increased generation of free radicals through lipid peroxidation can damage neuronal cell membrane. Markers of lipid peroxidation have been found to be elevated in brain tissues and body fl uids in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Materials and Methods: Malondialdehyde (MDA), final product of lipid peroxidation, was estimated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay kit at eight weeks after induction of 2VO in the rats and control group. Results: Our study revealed a highly signifi cant (p<0.001) increase in the mean MDA concentration (12.296 ± 1.113 μM) in 2VO rats as compared to the control group (5.286 ± 0.363 μM) rats. Conclusion: Therapeutic strategies to modulate lipid peroxidation early throughout the course of the disease may be promising in slowing or possibly preventing neurodegenerative disorders.

Preclinical Cognitive Trajectories Differ for Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Laukka ◽  
Stuart W.S. MacDonald ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
Lars Bäckman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Preclinical Ad

AbstractWe investigated differences between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) from the appearance of the first cognitive symptoms, focusing on both time of onset and rate of accelerated decline for different cognitive functions before dementia diagnosis. Data from a longitudinal population-based study were used, including 914 participants (mean age = 82.0 years, SD = 5.0) tested with a cognitive battery (word recall and recognition, Block Design, category fluency, clock reading) on up to four occasions spanning 10 years. We fit a series of linear mixed effects models with a change point to the cognitive data, contrasting each dementia group to a control group. Significant age-related decline was observed for all five cognitive tasks. Relative to time of diagnosis, the preclinical AD persons deviated from the normal aging curve earlier (up to 9 years) compared to the preclinical VaD persons (up to 6 years). However, once the preclinical VaD persons started to decline, they deteriorated at a faster rate than the preclinical AD persons. The results have important implications for identifying the two dementia disorders at an early stage and for selecting cognitive tasks to evaluate treatment effects for persons at risk of developing AD and VaD. (JINS, 2012, 18, 191–199)

Novel Therapeutic Mechanism of Action of Metformin and Its Nanoformulation in Alzheimer's Disease and Role of AKT/ERK/GSK Pathway.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Amitava Chakrabarti ◽  
Phulen Sarma ◽  
Manish Modi ◽  
Dibyajyoti Banerjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hyperphosphorylated Tau ◽  
Days Of Therapy

Abstract Background: Insulin resistance in brain plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metformin is a blood brain barrier crossing anti-diabetic insulin-sensitizer drug. Current study has evaluated the therapeutic and mechanistic role of conventional as well as solid lipid nanoformulation (SLN) of metformin in intracerebro ventricular (ICV) Aβ (1-42) rat-model of AD. Methods: SLN-metformin was prepared by the micro-emulsification method and further evaluated by zetasizer and scanning electron-microscopy. In the animal experimental phase, AD was induced by bilateral ICV injection of Aβ using stereotaxic technique, whereas control group (sham) received ICV-NS. 14 days post-model induction, ICV- Aβ treated rats were further divided into 5 groups: disease control (no treatment), Metformin dose of (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 150 mg/kg), SLN of metformin 50mg/kg and memantine 1.8mg/kg (positive-control). Animals were tested for cognitive performance (in EPM, MWM) after 21 days of therapy, and then sacrificed. Brain homogenate was evaluated using ELISA for (Aβ (1-42), hyperphosphorylated tau, pAKTser473, GSK-3β, p-ERK,) and HPLC (metformin level). Brain histopathology was used to evaluate neuronal injury score (H&E) and Bcl2 and BAX (IHC). Results: The average size of SLN-metformin was <200 nm and was of spherical in shape with 94.08% entrapment efficiency. Compared to sham, the disease-control group showed significantly higher (p≤0.05) memory impairment (in MWM and EPM), higher hyperphosphorylated tau, Aβ (1-42), and Bax and lower Bcl-2 expression. Metformin was detectable in brain. Treatment with metformin and its SLN form significantly decreased the memory impairment as well as decreased the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau, Aβ(1-42), Bax expression and increased expression of Bcl-2 in brain. AKT-ERK-GSK3β-Hyperphosphorylated tau pathway can be implicated in the protective efficacy of metformin. Conclusion: Both metformin and SLN metformin is found to be effective as therapeutic agent in ICV-AB rat model of AD. AKT-ERK-GSK3β-Hyperphosphorylated tau pathway is found to be involved in the protective efficacy of metformin.

scholarly journals Therapeutic benefit of aripiprazole-olanzapine combination in the treatment of senile Alzheimer’s disease complicated by mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Na Zheng ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Ji-Min Jia
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group

Purpose: To determine the clinical efficacy of aripiprazole-olanzapine combination treatment in elderly Alzheimer’s disease complicated with mental disorders. Methods: Ninety-two elderly patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mental disorders who were admitted to Binzhou People's Hospital, were enrolled in the study. They were randomized into control and study groups. Control group was treated with olanzapine, while the study group was treated with aripiprazole as an adjuvant therapy in addition to olanzapine. The clinical efficacy, scores on different scales (MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, ADL, NPI and CMAI), and incidence of adverse reactions were determined. Results: The overall degree of response was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, ADL, NPI and CMAI scores between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). The MMSE score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the scores in the other scales in the study group were significantly lower after treatment (p < 0.05). The study group had significantly lower incidence of adverse reactions than control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aripiprazole-olanzapine combination has significant therapeutic benefit in the treatment of elderly Alzheimer’s disease patients complicated with mental disorders. It promotes recovery of neurological function, as well as produces a lower incidence of adverse reactions. Keywords: Aripiprazole, Olanzapine, Alzheimer’s disease, Mental disorders

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