The risk of malignancies in women with long flowing hyperthyroidism in history: a retrospective randomized study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Olga Valerievna Vlaseva ◽  
Ruslan Ivanovich Glushakov ◽  
Ivan Viktorovich Sobolev ◽  
Sergei Nikolaevich Proshin ◽  
Natalya Igorevna Tapil’skaya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Toxic Goiter

The syndrome of thyrotoxicosis is the second occurrence in endocrine diseases giving way to the only diabetes. The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. Nodular toxic goiter is following Graves' disease. Then more rare causes are solitary toxic adenoma and thyroiditis. Epidemiological studies carried out at the turn of XX-XXI centuries in the developed countries of Europe and North America have shown that a history of hyperthyroidism episode increases the relative risk of development of ovarian cancer by 80 % and breast cancer by 45-60 %. It has been shown that hyperthyroidism including subclinical one is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms of different localizations as breast cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer. In this case, drew the fact that significant differences in the risk of morbidity by specific disease forms depends on the ethnic composition of the population. In Russian Federation the similar epidemiological studies have not been carried out yet. We obtained the results of an epidemiological retrospective multicenter randomized clinical simultaneous analytical comparative study of the “case-control” among women treated for diffuse toxic goiter and nodular toxic goiter in 1999-2009. The study involved 1135 patients with hyperthyroidism in anamnesis. The comparison group included 953 patients with eu- and hyperthyroid status. The risk of malignancies in women with hyperthyroidism in anamnesis was 2.36 (95 % CI 1.63-3.42, p < 0.01). The risk of hormone-dependent tumors was 2.65 ( 95 % CI 1.7-4.13, p < 0.01). The aim: to evaluate the risk of malignancies in women with long flowing hyperthyroidism.

Total Factor Productivity Growth in East Asia: Implications for the Future

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Tfp Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Future Growth

The total factor productivity (TFP) growth controversy and the recent economic crisis raise many questions about the future growth of East Asia. Our analysis of historical experiences shows that low TFP growth in the East Asian newly industrialized economies (NIEs) is a natural pattern of growth at the initial phase of industrialization. Empirical evidence shows that East Asian NIEs in recent decades have been proceeding toward an efficiency-based growth as developed countries did some time ago. The history of Latin America, however, indicates that the reform of old-fashioned institutions is needed if East Asia is to follow the path of the developed countries.

Environmental and health risks related to waste incineration

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto de Titto ◽  
Atilio Savino
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Dioxin Level ◽  
The Developed Countries

The article presents a mini review of the published research focused on understanding environmental and human health impacts nearby waste incineration plants. We found no studies indicating that modern-technology waste incineration plants, which comply with the legislation on emissions, are a cancer risk factor or have adverse effects on reproduction or development. There are several factors in favor of this affirmation: (a) the emission levels of the plants currently built in the developed countries are several orders of magnitude lower than those of the plants in whose environments epidemiological studies have been carried out and which have found some kind of negative association in terms of health; (b) risk assessment studies indicate that most of the exposure is produced through the diet and not by a direct route; and (c) monitoring dioxin level studies in the population resident in the environment of incineration plants did not reveal increases of these levels when compared with a population living in reference areas. A necessary condition for the development of a waste incineration plant is to generate the conditions to prevent any impact that activates or potentially carries damage or risks to the environment and, in particular, to health. This makes it imperative to use a preventive strategy through the implementation of a previous environmental impact assessment and the establishment of emissions standards and an emissions monitoring program in order to ensure the prevention of environmental damage.

scholarly journals Update: Primary immunodeficiency disorders among north Indian children

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-472
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Deepak ◽  
Prabin Kumar ◽  
Abhinav Saurabh ◽  
Narendra Bagri ◽  
Sonia Verma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
North India ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries

Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) are a group of genetic abnormalities characterized by defectin one or more constituents of the immune system.This group of disorders are largely undiagnosed and unreported worldwide due to lack of awareness among the medical practitioners,parents as well as lack of state of art diagnostic facilities. Earlier we had reported the distribution pattern of various categories of PID in children of north India; in this report we are appending the data with current findings.In this retrospective study we pooled data from PIDs workup of 706 children with suspected PIDs, below the age of 18Yrs, in the period of May 2017 October 2019. The clinical assessment and presentation of these children was suggestive of PID. The peripheral blood of these children was used for flow cytometry based immunophenotyping of immune cells. PIDs were classified according to the International Union of Immunological Societies’ (IUIS) criteria.A total of 133 (18.38%) children were diagnosed with one or other form of PID with overall median age was 3.25 years (male: 2.3 and female: 4.2Yrs). Chronic infection, persistent diarrhea and retarded growth were the common warning signsin these patients. Combined humoral and cellular immunodeficiency was observed in 32%, phagocytic defect in 23%, antibody defect in 17%, dysregulated innate immunity in 19% and other well defined syndromes in 9% of total diagnosed PID children. Around 15.78% of PID cases were seen in coupleswithconsanguineous marriage, past family history of PID in 20.30% and families with sibling death of unknown cause in 24.06%. The cause of death of the sibling was not known. PID diagnosed children received prophylactic antibiotics and/or antifungals in addition tospecific therapy for the underlying immune deficiency.The field of PID remainsunexplored worldwide. The awareness in the developed countries is more than that of developing countries like India. The developing countries face several challenges in the diagnosis of PIDs such as awareness among patients and medical practitioners, mostly in the rural settings, lack of sufficient number of tertiary care centres, lack of equipped immunological laboratory to diagnose the disease.

scholarly journals Faktor Resiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Kanker Payudara Di Ruang Edelweis RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Ika Avrilina Haryono ◽  
Adriana Palimbo ◽  
Difa Okti Al Kautsar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian utama pada wanita di dunia. Sejauh ini, kanker payudara paling sering diderita oleh wanita dengan perkiraan 43,3% juta kasus kanker baru yang didiagnosis pada tahun 2012. Angka kejadian kanker payudara bervariasi secara global dimana terjadi peningkatan insiden di negara berkembang tetapi cenderung menurun dinegara maju, dengan kasus pada negara berkembang (883.000 kasus) negara maju (794.000 kasus). Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kanker payudara meliputi faktor umur, umur pertama menstruasi, menopause, umur pertama kali menikah, riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, riwayat pemberian ASI, da riwayat kanker payudara pada keluarga.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 760 orang dengan sampel 88 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data primer, teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji chi square dan uji regresi berganda.Hasil: Hasil Uji Chi Square menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara umur (p=0.000) dan penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal (p=0.002) dengan hasil uji regresi berganda (p-value0.05) menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh faktor risiko terhadap kejadian kanker payudara.Simpulan: Ada hubungan antara umur dan riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan kejadian kanker payudara. Tidak ada pengaruh faktor resiko terhadap kejadian kanker payudara. Kata Kunci: kanker payudara, riwayat penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal, umur Risk Factors Related to Breast Cancer IncidenceIn the Edelweis Room of Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin AbstractBackground: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women in the world. So far, breast cancer most often affects women with an estimated 43.3% of new cancer cases diagnosed in 2012. The incidence of breast cancer varies globally where there is an increase in incidents in developing countries but tends to decrease in developed countries, with cases in the country developing (883,000 cases) developed countries (794,000 cases).Objective: Analyzing risk factors associated with breast cancer events include age, age at first menstruation, menopause, age at first marriage, history of use of hormonal contraception, history of breastfeeding, and history of breast cancer in the family.Method: This study is a quantitative study using analytical survey method with cross sectional design. The population in this study amounted to 760 people with a sample of 88 people. Primary data collection techniques, data analysis techniques used are chi square test and multiple regression test.Results: Chi Square test results showed that there was a significant relationship between age (p = 0,000) and hormonal contraceptive use (p = 0.002) with the results of multiple regression tests (p-value 0.05) indicating that there was no effect of risk factors on breast cancer incidence.Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and history of hormonal contraceptive use with the incidence of breast cancer. There is no effect of risk factors on the incidence of breast cancer. Keywords: breast cancer, history of hormonal contraceptive use, age

Phytoestrogens after breast cancer.

2001 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
P This ◽  
A De La Rochefordi√®re ◽  
K Clough ◽  
A Fourquet ◽  
H Magdelenat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media

The current extension of the indications for adjuvant chemotherapy, which predisposes to early menopause, and the media coverage of the benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have led patients with a history of breast cancer to seek treatments for estrogen deprivation. In breast cancer survivors, most physicians avoid HRT because of concern regarding the potential promotion of growth of occult malignant cells by estrogens, due to the estrogen dependence of breast cancer. Soy phytoestrogens are being promoted as the 'natural alternative' to HRT and have been available without restrictions for several years as nutritional supplements. In this paper, data on the complex mammary effects of phytoestrogens in epidemiological studies, in in vitro studies, as well as in in vivo studies on animal carcinogenesis are reviewed. The potential benefits and risks of phytoestrogens are analyzed, and the prescription of phytoestrogens to postmenopausal women after breast cancer and the coprescription with the anti-estrogen tamoxifen are discussed. The absence of controlled trials and technical checking of extraction and titration in these preparations on 'free sale' raise a new problem in terms of public health and justify close reasoning and a cautious attitude of physicians, as well as straight information given to women, especially after breast cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer: Association or Causation?

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Zakhari ◽  
Jan Hoek
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Molecular Pathological Epidemiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Giant Step ◽  
Meta Analyses

Epidemiological studies have been used to show associations between modifiable lifestyle habits and the incidence of breast cancer. Among such factors, a history of alcohol use has been reported in multiple studies and meta-analyses over the past decades. However, associative epidemiological studies that were interpreted as evidence that even moderate alcohol consumption increases breast cancer incidence have been controversial. In this review, we consider the literature on the relationship between moderate or heavy alcohol use, both in possible biological mechanisms and in variations in susceptibility due to genetic or epigenetic factors. We argue that there is a need to incorporate additional approaches to move beyond the associations that are reported in traditional epidemiological analyses and incorporate information on molecular pathologic signatures as a requirement to posit causal inferences. In particular, we point to the efforts of the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) to evaluate possible causal relationships, if any, of alcohol consumption and breast cancer. A wider application of the principles of MPE to this field would constitute a giant step that could enhance our understanding of breast cancer and multiple modifiable risk factors, a step that would be particularly suited to the era of “personalized medicine”.

scholarly journals Psychoanaliza i patriarchalizm. Uwagi na temat emancypacyjnego przesłania teorii Freuda w kontekście dziejów psychoanalizy w Polsce 1900–1939

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-414
Author(s):  
Paweł Dybel
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries

Psychoanalysis and patriarchalism. Comments on the emancipation claim of Freud’s theory within the history of psychoanalysis in Poland 1900–1939: The article is a polemic with how Eli Zaretsky captures the role of Freud’s psychoanalysis in transforming the self-knowledge of modern societies in his Secrets of the soul. According to Zaretsky, in Central European countries, Poland included, psychoanalysis then served in the democratization of social life and led to the destruction of the patriarchal order; while in Western countries it became medicated, becoming a tool of social control. The author considers both of these claims to be problematic. In the first case, this is due to the limited social impact of Freud’s theory until 1939, in the second, basing this theory on patients’ personal unconscious, it supported their release from the influence of tradition and served them in making free life decisions. This was because in the period up to 1939, in the countries of Central Europe, the second industrial revolution was not as advanced as in the developed countries of Western Europe and the United States. So only in these last countries has psychoanalysis become socially popular and one has witnessed the dynamic development of the psychoanalytic movement.

Prophylactic Mastectomy

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal K. Khurana ◽  
Anne Loosmann ◽  
Patricia J. Numann ◽  
Seema A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background.—According to recently published data, prophylactic mastectomy (PM) appears to prevent about 90% of the expected malignant neoplasms in women with a family history of breast cancer. Objectives.—To identify the frequency of high-risk lesions in PM specimens and to determine occurrence of any new primary breast cancer following PM. Design.—We performed a retrospective study of women undergoing unilateral or bilateral PM. Medical charts and pathologic findings of 35 patients who underwent bilateral mastectomies at University Hospital, Syracuse, NY, from 1989 to 1996 were reviewed. Patients with biopsy-proven bilateral breast cancer were excluded. Patients were divided into 3 groups: (A) positive family history and no known breast cancer (n = 9), (B) positive family history and contralateral neoplasia (n = 13), and (C) negative family history and contralateral neoplasia (n = 13). These findings were compared with those found in reduction mammoplasty specimens from 10 women at standard risk of breast cancer. Results.—The mean age of the control group of women undergoing reduction mammoplasty was 38 years. The pathologic specimens demonstrated no significant pathologic findings in 9 and fibrocystic change in 1. In group A, the mean number of affected relatives was 3.1, and the mean age was 38 years. Two of these 9 women had atypical duct hyperplasia and 1 had atypical lobular hyperplasia in their breasts (ie, 33% with high-risk pathologic findings). Of the 13 group B women (mean age, 46.6 years; mean of 2.5 affected relatives and unilateral breast cancer), the contralateral PM specimen contained duct carcinoma in situ in one and invasive ductal cancer in a second (15% with occult malignant neoplasms). In 13 group C patients (mean age, 47.1 years), 3 (23.1%) of the contralateral PM specimens displayed atypical duct hyperplasia or atypical lobular hyperplasia. At a mean follow-up of 4.8 years, there have been no new breast malignant neoplasms in these 45 women. Conclusions.—The occurrence of unilateral cancer in patients with family history of breast cancer is associated with a 15.4% probability of simultaneous occult malignant neoplasms in the contralateral breast. Patients with a strong family history but no evidence of breast cancer have a substantially similar rate of proliferative disease in their PM specimens as those women who have unilateral cancer but no significant family history.

Comparative Study and Enlightenment of Barrier-Free Laws and Regulations of America, Britain and China

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 790-795
Author(s):  
Wei Yang Jia
Keyword(s):  
Development Trend ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Barrier Free

The barrier-free environment is the guarantee for the vulnerable groups such as the senior citizens and the disabled, which reflects the civilization level of the society. And America and Britain are the most advanced countries which have longer history of barrier-free design. Their barrier-free design laws, regulations and standard system are complete, covering a wide range of security objects and having developed into the universal design or inclusive design stage with their own features. The barrier-free design of China was carried out late and yet within 30 years’ development, China still has made many achievements. However, in terms of scientific research and civil consciousness, the gap to the developed countries is still big. Summarizing the development trend of American and British barrier-free design features, comparison can provide the working direction for the barrier-free design cause of China, namely, the improvement of the researches on barrier-free design, the functions of organizations for the disabled, public participation and regulations enforcement.

scholarly journals Abdominal Tuberculosis Complicated by Intestinal Perforation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Michiel L. Sala ◽  
Samuel M. Verhage ◽  
Frank Zijta
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Abdominal Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Developed Countries

Although relatively rare, there is an increasing incidence of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) in the developed countries, with the peritoneum being the most common site of involvement. Manifestation of abdominal TB should be considered in patients with relevant clinical symptoms and risk factors, including a history of prior TB infection and residence in or travel to an area where tuberculosis is endemic. We report a case of intestinal tuberculosis with a complicated disease course after the completion of treatment. Persisting abdominal symptoms during or after treatment should raise suspicion of subclinical intestinal obstruction. Early clinical recognition and surgical treatment may avoid poor outcome due to intestinal perforation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document