scholarly journals Analysis of benzotriazole influence on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Allium fistulosum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Test Objects

The increase in anthropogenic pressure has led to the need for model experiments to assess the ability of organisms to adapt to xenobiotics. The study of negative effects is usually carried out in laboratories using animals as test objects, while it is more interesting to study tolerance and adaptive capabilities in plant organisms, because, unlike animals, they are not able to leave an area uncomfortable for existence. In order to obtain an objective response in experiments, it is necessary to choose test objects related to species that are ubiquitous in ecosystems, and xenobiotics that are widely used and able to enter the environment. Allium fistulosum L. was used in model experiments and was affected by benzotriazole to study the possibility of developing an adaptive response in plants to anthropogenic pollutants. Plants were preadapted to a toxic dose of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,1 mg/ml, by exposure to alcohol solutions of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml or 0,001 mg/ml, and the time of preliminary exposure varied from 1 day to 4 days, then test objects germinated in a solution of high concentration. There were three controls, where the seeds were germinated for five days in all three used concentrations of benzotriazole, as well as in a solvent, which was 0,5% isopropyl alcohol. The possibility of adaptive response was assessed using two morphophysiological indicators, these were the germination of seeds and the average root length on the fifth day of the experiment. Experiments have shown that a solution of benzotriazole at a concentration of 0,1 mg/ml inhibits seeds germination and roots growth compared with the control (germination in 0,5% isopropyl alcohol), while at a concentration of 0,0001 mg/ml it stimulates. Exposure to low concentrations reliably creates a preadaptation to the toxic dose, but the responses significantly differ in effectiveness depending on the duration of preadaptation and the concentration of the substance. The greatest effect on the toxic effect of benzotriazole is created by preadaptation in low concentrations over 3 days. Possible preadaptation mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals The influence of germination temperature and ultra-low doses of benzotriazole on morpho-physiological parameters of onions of different species in model experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva ◽  
Maria Olegovna Gryaznova
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Germinating Seeds

The adaptation of plants is manifested in the preservation of their physiological functions when exposed to various extreme environmental factors. In model experiments, we examined the influence of the combined action of such factors as alcohol solutions of benzotriazole in low concentrations (0,00001; 0,0001; 0,001 mg/ml) and contrasting positive temperatures (+12C and +22C) on germinating ability and growth processes of three species of onions ( Allium sulphur , Allium fistulosum and Allium schoenoprasum ) differing in various adaptive capabilities. It was found that, regardless of the germination temperature, with an increase in the concentration of benzotriazole solutions in a selected concentration range, stimulation of seed germination is observed for all studied species compared to the control. Benzotriazole had the maximum stimulating effect at a concentration of 0,001 mg/ml when germinating seeds at a temperature of +12C. The effect on growth processes was determined by the average length of the roots of onions on the fifth day of growth. It was found that the length of the roots of onions of all studied species when germinating in benzotriazole solutions at a temperature of +12C does not significantly differ from that in the control. When germinating seeds at +22C, the root length of only two species ( Allium cepa , Allium fistulosum ) was higher than in the control. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomenon are discussed.

scholarly journals From hepatoprotection models to new therapeutic modalities for treating liver diseases: a personal perspective

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha Rudraiah ◽  
José E. Manautou
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Enhanced Expression

A variety of rodent models of hepatoprotection have been developed in which tolerance to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity occurs. Autoprotection/heteroprotection is a phenomenon where prior exposure to a mildly toxic dose of toxicant confers protection against a subsequently administered higher dose of the same toxicant (as in the case of autoprotection) or to a different toxicant (referred to as heteroprotection). Multiple mechanisms regulate this adaptive response, including hepatocellular proliferation, proteostasis, enhanced expression of cytoprotective genes, and altered tissue immune response. In this review, we will discuss recent findings that highlight the complexity of these adaptive mechanisms and we also outline the usefulness of these findings to devise therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools for acetaminophen-induced liver damage in patients.

A first-in-man phase I/II study of OBI-3424, an AKR1C3-selective bis-alkylating agent prodrug, in subjects with advanced cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. TPS3658-TPS3658
Author(s):  
Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou ◽  
Claire F. Verschraegen ◽  
Pei Hsu ◽  
Tillman E. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alkylating Agent ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Tumor Expression

TPS3658 Background: Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) modulates cellular differentiation and proliferation through indirect regulation of ligand access to hormone and nuclear receptor signaling. AKR1C3 is expressed at high levels in various human cancers, including HCC. In prostate cancer cells exposed to anti-androgen therapies, AKR1C3 is adaptively upregulated. CRPC is a potential indication for this targeted alkylating agent. AKR1C3 tumor expression is associated with poor patient survival and resistance to cancer therapies. OBI-3424 is a nitro-benzene prodrug of a nitrogen mustard that can be selectively cleaved in the presence of AKR1C3 enzyme into a bis-alkylating agent capable of forming intra- and inter-strand crosslinks with DNA, thereby resulting in cell death. The selectivity of OBI-3424 for AKR1C3 distinguishes it from traditional alkylating agents, which are nonselective. The primary objectives of the study are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of single-agent OBI-3424. The dose-escalation phase will determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerable dose (MTD), and recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of OBI-3424 through assessment of PK of OBI-3424 and OBI-2660 in plasma and urine. After determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), the study will enroll subjects with advanced HCC or CRPC, two tumor types with a high likelihood of overexpression of AKR1C3, into the dose expansion portion of the study according to a Simon two-stage phase 2 design. This phase is designed to assess the objective response rate, and progression-free survival in patients with HCC and CRPC. Immunohistochemistry assays are being developed to assess tumor expression of AKR1C3 for this study. The clinical safety and relationship of efficacy to AKR1C3 tumor expression will serve to guide further clinical development of OBI-3424 in these two unmet need settings. Methods: Based on the toxicology and PK results in cynomolgus monkeys, the starting dose is one sixth of the human equivalent dose of the highest non-severely toxic dose observed. Doses of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 14 mg/m2 will be used. OBI-3424 is administered intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1 and 8 of each 21-day cycle. Subjects without clinically significant disease progression may continue on treatment for up to 2 years, if they do not experience a DLT or other significant toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT03592264 .

scholarly journals The Variability of Lake Water Chemistry in the Bory Tucholskie National Park (Northern Poland)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Sojka ◽  
Adam Choiński ◽  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Marcin Siepak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Lake Water Chemistry ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Lobelia Lakes ◽  
Lake Waters

The paper presents the results of chemical analysis of lake waters in Bory Tucholskie National Park (BTNP). The BTNP area is unique due to its location within a single catchment and high variability in geological structure. Moreover, the lakes have different morphometric parameters, represent different hydrological types, trophic types and thermal regimes. Another unique feature is the existence of five lobelia lakes. This name comes from the Latin name of the taxon – Lobelia dortmanna L. which has been included in the Polish Red Data Book of Plants. The chemical analysis included 55 parameters, within macro elements (MEs), trace elements (TEs) and rare earth elements (REEs). Low concentrations of MEs, TEs and REEs confirm the absence of anthropogenic pressure. High variation of ME, TE and REE contents between individual lakes is due to different geological structure. The cluster analysis enabled lakes to be divided into six groups taking into account all analyzed water quality parameters. The lobelia lakes were characterized by the lowest concentrations of MEs and REEs, which mainly result from the small catchment area and their mainly endorheic character. The highest variability of MEs, TEs and REEs occurred in endorheic lakes, where the geological structure was dominant. The lowest variability of MEs, TEs and REEs occurred in the lakes connected by the Struga Siedmiu Jezior stream. The analysis of MEs, TEs and REEs in relation to the environmental factors and trophic, hydrologic and thermal typology allowed a better understanding of their spatial distribution in the BTNP lakes. The obtained results indicate that the values of the studied elements were generally close to the average values noted in surface waters according to the Geochemical Atlas of Europe.

scholarly journals Reactive Carbonyls Induce TOR- and Carbohydrate-Dependent Hormetic Response in Yeast

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Semchyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Carbonyl Stress ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Hormetic Response

The induction of the beneficial and detrimental effects by reactive carbonyl species in yeast has been investigated. In this study, we have presented evidence that glyoxal and methylglyoxal at low concentrations were able to induce a hormetic adaptive response in glucose-grown but not fructose-grown yeast. The hormetic effect was also TOR-dependent. The mutation in genes encoding either TOR1 or TOR2 protein makes yeast highly sensitive to both α-dicarbonyls studied. Simultaneous disruption of TOR1 and TOR2 resulted in higher yeast sensitivity to the α-dicarbonyls as compared to parental cells, but double mutant survived better under carbonyl stress than its single mutant counterparts. The data obtained are consistent with the previous works which reported high toxicity of the α-dicarbonyls and extend them with the report on the beneficial TOR-dependent hormetic effect of glyoxal and methylglyoxal.

scholarly journals Spatial Characterization of the marine sediments in the Bay of Jounieh (North of Beirut) Environmental status of the Bay of Jounieh through the evaluation of its marine sediments’ characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-388
Author(s):  
Milad Fakhri ◽  
◽  
Abir Ghanem ◽  
Myriam Ghsoub ◽  
Afif Ghaith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
The North ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
The Impact

Increasing anthropogenic pressure on oneof the most frequented touristic coastal region of Lebanon, Bay of Jounieh, located to the North of Beiruturgesthe assessment of itscoastal marine environmental state. Therefore, the geochemical, physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics of its sedimentsareanalyzed andevaluated. The samples are collected from 3 three transects (North, Middle & South) at 3 consecutive depths 15, 30 and 60 m using the platform of the Lebanese scientific vessel “CANA-CNRS”. The sediments of shallower sampling points, 15 and 30 m, are mainly composed of fine sandand are poor in most of the studied parameters except chlorophyll-a.While those of 60 m are exclusively represented by the fine fractionand contain maximumconcentrations of organic matter (2.97%), calcium carbonates(47.7 %), phosphates (264 μg/g) and pheopigments(7.03 μg/g). The labile fraction through the 3 transects isrepresented by low concentrations of carbohydrates (0.011 -0.06 mg/g), low concentrations of proteins (0.009 -0.051 mg/g) and highlevels of lipids (0.324 -1.036 mg/g).The results show thatthe deep points (60 m) of Jounieh Bay are the most affected by the anthropogenic pressure combined with hydrodynamic factors and geomorphological issues. Theenvironmental conditionof Jounieh’sBay appears to betolerantto the impact of multiformof contaminantsto which itis been exposed since longtime andit isstill able to show a meso-oligotrophic systemwith acceptable nutritive values for the proliferation of benthic organisms.Thisstudy is expected to provide a valuable tool for monitoring and research programs in other marine areas of the Lebanese coast.

scholarly journals Assessment of the integrated reaction of onions of different types for the action of xenobiotics for use in ecological-genetic monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Selezneva ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Saksonov
Keyword(s):  
Biological Response ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Test Objects

The influence of many anthropogenic xenobiotics constantly falling into natural ecosystems is poorly understood, so laboratory experiments are needed to understand the consequences of such actions. It is especially important to study this effect on plants that are unable to avoid uncomfortable conditions. It is necessary to use a variety of test objects and screening tests that give an integral assessment of biological responses. Such tests include the Allium -test, which allows to evaluate toxicity at both the organismic and cellular levels, as well as mutagenicity of xenobiotics. We analyzed the response of three species of the genus Allium ( Allium cepa, Allium ramosum, Allium fistulosum ) to exposure to alcohol solutions of benzotriazole in extremely low concentrations. This heterocyclic compound is widely used in industry as a light stabilizer for polymers and as an anti-corrosion agent protecting various metals and alloys. The biological activity of two concentrations (0,0001; 0,001 mg/ml) was studied. The solvent was 0,5% isopropyl alcohol. Allium test was used to analyze a biological response of the selected onions. The duration of the experiment was 5 days. The effect of benzotriazole stimulated growth processes in A. cepa and A. ramosum in the lowest concentration and inhibited growth processes in a higher dose compared to the control. Benzotriazole had a stimulating effect on A. fistulosum in both of the concentrations studied, however, the stimulating effect in a high concentration was less pronounced. The solution in low concentration stimulates the proliferative activity in the cells of the root meristem of all species. However, cells of A. cepa and A. ramosum meristem are not sensitive to the action of a higher concentration of benzotriazole solution, unlike A. fistulosum , in which cell division is inhibited in comparison with the control. It was found that A. fistulosum , in which benzotriazole causes a block at the anaphase stage in both concentrations studied, is the most sensitive to the mitosis-modifying action of benzotriazole. In the other two species, only exposure to benzotriazole in high concentration led to inhibition of mitosis at the prophase stage. A. ramosum is resistant to the genotoxicity of model xenobiotics, and A. cepa is highly sensitive to benzotriazole mutagenicity. The paper discusses the relationship between the adaptive capabilities of a species and its resistance to anthropogenic xenobiotics, as well as the use of tolerant species as test objects for ecological genetic monitoring.

scholarly journals Solvent effects on photodegradation of CI Reactive Orange 16 by simulated solar light

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Mijin ◽  
Dragana Zlatic ◽  
Gordana Uscumlic ◽  
Petar Jovancic
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Simulated Solar Light ◽  
Reactive Orange 16 ◽  
Photodegradation Efficiency ◽  
Protic Solvents ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Reactive Orange

Organic solvents may appear in wastewaters and other industrial waste streams containing dyes, therefore, their photodegradation catalyzed by TiO2 should be investigated. Solvent effect on photodegradation of CI Reactive Orange 16 has been studied using simulated solar light and P-25 TiO2. Methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohol as well as acetone were used as solvents. Photodegradation reaction was faster in methyl than in ethyl alcohol while in water was the slowest. RO16 photodegradation efficiency and reaction rate decreased in the presence of small concentration of ethanol. Higher photodegradation efficiency was observed for higher ethanol concentration. For acetone, photodegradation decreased as concentration of acetone increased. It seems that protic solvents at higher concentrations promote reaction, while at low concentrations slow down reaction. Aprotic solvents slow down reaction.

scholarly journals Structural and Functional Characteristics of the Liver Under the Effect of Different Doses of Sodium Tetraborate

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. K. Berdalinova ◽  
T. Zh. Umbetov ◽  
N. N. Shevlyuk ◽  
G. A. Zhurabekova
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Sodium Tetraborate ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Blood Elements

The aim of the study was to clarify the morphological and functional changes in the liver under the effect of sodium tetraborate.Material and methods. Morphological and functional characteristics of the liver of white outbred rats under single and long-term exposure to sodium tetraborate were studied using histological, histochemical, immunocytochemical and morphometric methods. Experimental animals were divided into 2 groups. Animals of the first group once intragastrically administered sodium tetraborate at a dose of LD50, animals of the second group daily for a month administered sodium tetraborate at a dose of 1/10 LD50. Animals of the first group were removed from the experiment a day after the introduction of sodium tetraborate, animals of the second group – 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after the start of the experiment.Results. Both single and long-term exposure to sodium tetraborate in the liver lobules marked multiple focal death of hepatocytes, microcirculation, bile stagnation in the biliary tract. The degree of damage and death of hepatocytes increases from the periphery to the center of the lobule. With prolonged exposure to sodium tetraborate in the first half of the experiment, stagnation of the blood elements in the capillaries was rare, and with an increase in the duration of the experiment (from 7 to 30 days), the proportion of intra-lobular sinusoid capillaries with stagnation of the shaped elements in them increased and more than half of the capillaries showed stagnation of the blood elements in them. Destructive changes in the liver were more pronounced when exposed to sodium tetraborate at a dose of LD50.Conclusion. In the conditions of low concentrations of sodium tetraborate in the liver, both destructive processes and transformations aimed at compensating for damage occur. With an increase in the dose of sodium tetraborate, the adaptive capabilities of the organ are exhausted and do not compensate for the damage to the cell structures of the organ.

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