Possible Earth‐Tide Modulations of Early Aftershocks in Southern Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi‐Chia Tang ◽  
Li‐Chin Lin ◽  
Yinhe Luo ◽  
Shujun Liu ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matched Filter ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Earth Tide ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
Tidal Stress ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Earthquake Generation ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

Abstract Earth‐tide stresses often have been considered to be incapable of directly triggering large earthquakes, but they do play a role in earthquake modulation. Despite its relatively minor role, tidal stress analysis is valuable for understanding earthquake generation. In this study, we used the matched‐filter technique to detect approximately three times more early aftershocks (EAs) following the 2010 ML 6.4 Jiashian and 2012 ML 6.4 Wutai mainshocks than are listed in the Central Weather Bureau catalog in southern Taiwan. We examined the influence of tidal stresses on the occurrence of EAs and identified that small EAs frequently occurred near or at negative Coulomb and shear stress changes induced by Earth tide. Statistical tests indicated a very low likelihood for the EAs to be randomly distributed across a single day. It is likely that Earth‐tide stresses can modulate these small EA occurrences. We proposed that tidal stresses can affect fluid diffusion and pore pressure of crustal cracks around the mainshock source regions when the regions are under a critically stressed circumstance. Our results were inconclusive regarding a causal relationship between tidal stresses and EA occurrences in the first few hours after the mainshocks.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of Mei-Yu Season Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts in Taiwan River Basins Based on a Conceptual Climatology Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Chieh Wang ◽  
Chu-Ying Kung ◽  
Cheng-Shang Lee ◽  
George Tai-Jen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts ◽  
Southern Taiwan ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Central Weather Bureau ◽  
Rainfall Climatology

Abstract Using rain gauge data during 134 mei-yu frontal cases in May–June 1991–2006, a rainfall climatology in relation to the positions of fronts every 0.5° in Taiwan is obtained, showing widespread precipitation with maxima over windward mountain slopes associated with frontal passages. For six major river basins, rainfall characteristics and synoptic factors are further analyzed to build a conceptual climatology model for short-term quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs). The four basins in central–southern Taiwan exhibit increased heavy-rainfall frequencies (>25%) roughly from 2° south to 1° north of the front, while the two basins in northern Taiwan have lower frequencies with different characteristics mainly due to the differences in their topography. The synoptic factors in the checklist employed by the Central Weather Bureau and important to heavy rainfall are identified for each of the six basins through statistical tests and their threat score (TS). These factors include those related to mei-yu fronts, low-level jets and moisture, upper-level divergence–diffluence, and short-wave troughs. A conceptual climatology model that uses both synoptic and probability forecasting guidance is developed, and in practice the average rainfall climatology is replaced by one obtained for heavy-rainfall periods if either of the two guidance schemes indicates heavy-rainfall possibility. This model for 0–6- and 0–12-h QPFs is also evaluated for its usefulness using cases during the 2007–08 seasons. With typical TSs of 0.2–0.3 (for heavy rainfall), this approach outperforms simple climatology in all six basins especially toward higher thresholds (about 20–50 mm) and for 12-h events, where it also shows advantages over model QPFs in southern Taiwan. Thus, the model can provide useful information for operational use.

scholarly journals Multi-model impacts of climate change on pollution transport from global emission source regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 14219-14237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Doherty ◽  
Clara Orbe ◽  
Guang Zeng ◽  
David A. Plummer ◽  
Michael J. Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Source Regions ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract. The impacts of climate change on tropospheric transport, diagnosed from a carbon monoxide (CO)-like tracer species emitted from global CO sources, are evaluated from an ensemble of four chemistry–climate models (CCMs) contributing to the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). Model time-slice simulations for present-day and end-of-the-21st-century conditions were performed under the Representative Concentrations Pathway (RCP) climate scenario RCP 8.5. All simulations reveal a strong seasonality in transport, especially over the tropics. The highest CO-tracer mixing ratios aloft occur during boreal winter when strong vertical transport is co-located with biomass burning emission source regions. A consistent and robust decrease in future CO-tracer mixing ratios throughout most of the troposphere, especially in the tropics, and an increase around the tropopause is found across the four CCMs in both winter and summer. Decreases in CO-tracer mixing ratios in the tropical troposphere are associated with reduced convective mass fluxes in this region, which in turn may reflect a weaker Hadley cell circulation in the future climate. Increases in CO-tracer mixing ratios near the tropopause are largely attributable to a rise in tropopause height enabling lofting to higher altitudes, although a poleward shift in the mid-latitude jets may also play a minor role in the extratropical upper troposphere. An increase in CO-tracer mixing ratios also occurs near the Equator, centred over equatorial and Central Africa, extending from the surface to the mid-troposphere. This is most likely related to localised decreases in convection in the vicinity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), resulting in larger CO-tracer mixing ratios over biomass burning regions and smaller mixing ratios downwind.

Temporal b-value variation before and after ML ≥ 6.0 Taiwan earthquakes from 2012 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yuan Chen ◽  
Sean Kuanhsiang Chen ◽  
Yih-Min Wu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Process ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
B Value ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
B Values ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

<p>Recent studies show that earthquake b values gradually decrease before large earthquakes at the epicenters and then immediately increase after the earthquakes. Temporal b-value variations may result from crustal stress changes associated with a large earthquake. However, the physical process is rarely observed and remains unclear. Taiwan island is a young orogeny leading to frequent earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M<sub>L</sub> 6.0, which provides an excellent laboratory to examine the physical process. We calculated b-value variation before and after M<sub>L</sub> ≥ 6.0 Taiwan earthquakes at the epicenters from 2012 to 2019. The time period is based on an enhancement of earthquake detection capability from the Central Weather Bureau Seismic Network in Taiwan, which allows the magnitude of completeness (M<sub>c</sub>) down to 1.5 in the inland region. We used a relocated earthquake catalog to precisely estimate b value and M<sub>c </sub>by the maximum likelihood method and maximum curvature method, respectively. We designed three steps in our research. First, we calculated the b value and M<sub>c</sub> at the epicenters of the M<sub>L</sub> ≥ 6.0 earthquakes in overall 8 years to know the background seismic activity. Based on this, second, we calculated b values and M<sub>c</sub> per half year to test the sensitivity between the radius from epicenters (r) and the number of earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M<sub>c</sub> (n). Finally, we will apply moving window approach with specific criteria to continuously calculate temporal b-value variations. Our results showed that spatial b values in Taiwan in overall 8 years have an average of 1.0. The b values are systematically lower in the epicenters of M<sub>L</sub> ≥ 6.0 earthquakes from 2012 to 2019. We have determined suitable r and n values for each earthquake at the epicenters and some epicenters share similar r and n values. We preliminarily observed temporal b-value decreases before the 2018 M<sub>w</sub> 6.4 Hualien earthquake. Considering temporal b-value variation by moving windows, we aim to realize whether temporal b-value variation by a large earthquake can be frequently observed in Taiwan.</p>

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in Southern Taiwan

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee C.-M. ◽  
Chen C.-H. ◽  
Lu S.-N. ◽  
Tung H.-D. ◽  
Chou W.-J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Southern Taiwan

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Use of Different Tissue Thromboplastins in the Control of Anticoagulant-Therapy

1958 ◽  
Vol 02 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verstraete ◽  
Patricia A. Clark ◽  
Irving S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor

SummaryAn analysis of the results of prothrombin time tests with different types of thromboplastins sheds some light on the problem why the administration of coumarin is difficult to standardize in different centers. Our present ideas on the subject, based on experimental data may be summarized as follows.Several factors of the clotting mechanism are influenced by coumarin derivatives. The action of some of these factors is by-passed in the 1-stage prothrombin time test. The decrease of the prothrombin and factor VII levels may be evaluated in the 1-stage prothrombin time determination (Quick-test). The prolongation of the prothrombin times are, however, predominantly due to the decrease of factor VII activity, the prothrombin content remaining around 50 per cent of normal during an adequate anticoagulant therapy. It is unlikely that this degree of depression of prothrombin is of major significance in interfering with the coagulation mechanism in the protection against thromboembolism. It may, however, play a minor role, which has yet to be evaluated quantitatively. An exact evaluation of factor VII is, therefore, important for the guidance of anticoagulant therapy and the method of choice is the one which is most sensitive to changes in factor VII concentration. The 1-stage prothrombin time test with a rabbit lung thromboplastin seems the most suitable method because rabbit brain preparations exhibit a factor VII-like activity that is not present in rabbit lung preparations.

Produktivkraft als Versprechen

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siefkes
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
A Minor

The ‘Fragment on Machines’ from Marx’s Grundrisse is often cited as an argument that the internal forces of capitalism will lead to its doom. But the argument that the progressive reduction of labor must doom capitalism lacks a proper foundation, as a comparison with the ‘Schemes of Reproduction’ given in Capital II shows. The latter, however, aren’t fully convincing either. In reality, more depends on the private consumption of capitalists than either model recognizes. Ultimately, most can be made of the ‘Fragment on Machines’ by reading it not as an exposure of capitalism’s internal contractions, but as a discussion of a possible communist future where labor (or work) will play but a minor role.

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

HUBUNGAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN ANAK RETARDASI MENTAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Dwi Indah Iswanti ◽  
Fery Agusman Motuho Mendrofa ◽  
Diyanto Diyanto
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Need Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mentally Retarded Children

Kemandirian bukanlah keterampilan yang muncul secara tiba-tiba tetapi perlu diajarkan dan dilatih pada anak agar tidak menghambat tugas- tugas perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Terutama pada anak yang mengalami retardasi mental akan sangat membutuhkan dukungan dari keluarga. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan  dukungan keluarga dengan tingkat kemandirian anak retardasi mental di SLB Negeri Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orang tua siswa kelas IV-VI di SLB Negeri Semarang yang berjumlah 64 siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah total sampling. Dukungan keluarga pada anak retardasi mental sebagian besar adalah mendukung yaitu sebanyak 53,1%, kemandirian anak retardasi mental sebagian besar adalah kurang mandiri yaitu sebanyak 53,1%. Hasil uji statistik menemukan ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kemandirian anak retardasi mental di SLB Negeri Semarang, dengan p value sebesar 0,000.   Kata kunci : dukungan keluarga, kemandirian anak retardasi mental THE CORRELATION BETWEEN FAMILY SUPPORT AND THE LEVEL OF INDEPENDENCE OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN   ABSTRACT Independence is not a skill that emerges suddenly but needs to be taught and trained in children so as not to inhibit the tasks of further child development. Especially for children who are mentally retarded, they will need support from the family. Research objectives to find out the correlation between family support and the level of independence of mentally retarded children in extraordinary school State of Semarang. This study uses a quantitative method with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all parents of students in class IV-VI in Semarang State SLB, amounting to 64 students. The sampling technique used is total sampling. Family support for mentally retarded children was mostly supportive, as much as 53.1%, the independence of most mentally retarded children was less independent, which was as much as 53.1%. The results of statistical tests found that there was a correlation between family support and the independence of mentally retarded children in Semarang State SLB, with a p value of 0,000.   Keywords: family support, independence of mentally retarded children

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