High-Quality Revision of the Israeli Seismic Bulletin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Schardong ◽  
Yochai Ben Horin ◽  
Alon Ziv ◽  
Stephen C. Myers ◽  
Hillel Wust-Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hierarchical Location

Abstract Seismic bulletins, with trustworthy phase picks, origin times, and source locations are key for regional seismic studies, such as travel-time (TT) tomography, attenuation tomography, and anisotropy studies. To lay the groundwork for such studies in Israel, we revised the seismic bulletin of Israel and the surrounding area and obtained a trustworthy TT data set. From the earthquake and explosion bulletins of the Geophysical Institute of Israel, we compiled a starting data set of about 123,000 earthquakes and explosions that occurred during the past 40 yr. After screening out the poorly recorded events, we were left with a data set of ∼38,000 well-recorded events. We then revised the remaining data set in two consecutive steps. In the first, we reviewed and updated station metadata, including changes in station metadata parameters over time. In the second step, we jointly relocated a list of selected seismic events, using the Bayesian hierarchical location software package (BayesLoc) of Myers et al. (2007) that performs joint relocation of multiple events. We observed striking dissimilarities between the spatial distributions of the newly relocated catalog and the initial locations. Although the depth distribution of the starting catalog is trimodal with peaks at 0, 5, and 10 km, the distribution in this study is unimodal, with a broad peak between 7.5 and 12.5 km. By differencing the observed arrival times and the origin times obtained through relocation with BayesLoc, we obtained a revised TT database that consists of 261,336 Pg, 132,876 Pn, 114,816 Sg, and 60,394 Sn arrivals, from a set of 30,458 jointly relocated seismic sources. We compared prerevision and postrevision TTs as a function of epicentral distance and concluded that the revised data set contains far fewer outliers and inconsistencies than the original data set. The revised TT data set may be used for seismic studies, such as TT tomography, attenuation tomography, and anisotropy studies.

scholarly journals Interferometric identification of surface-related multiples

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. Q41-Q52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Boullenger ◽  
Deyan Draganov
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Interferometric Method ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Multiple Prediction ◽  
Virtual Events

The theory of seismic interferometry predicts that crosscorrelations of recorded seismic responses at two receivers yield an estimate of the interreceiver seismic response. The interferometric process applied to surface-reflection data involves the summation, over sources, of crosscorrelated traces, and it allows retrieval of an estimate of the interreceiver reflection response. In particular, the crosscorrelations of the data with surface-related multiples in the data produce the retrieval of pseudophysical reflections (virtual events with the same kinematics as physical reflections in the original data). Thus, retrieved pseudophysical reflections can provide feedback information about the surface multiples. From this perspective, we have developed a data-driven interferometric method to detect and predict the arrival times of surface-related multiples in recorded reflection data using the retrieval of virtual data as diagnosis. The identification of the surface multiples is based on the estimation of source positions in the stationary-phase regions of the retrieved pseudophysical reflections, thus not necessarily requiring sources and receivers on the same grid. We have evaluated the method of interferometric identification with a two-layer acoustic example and tested it on a more complex synthetic data set. The results determined that we are able to identify the prominent surface multiples in a large range of the reflection data. Although missing near offsets proved to cause major problems in multiple-prediction schemes based on convolutions and inversions, missing near offsets does not impede our method from identifying surface multiples. Such interferometric diagnosis could be used to control the effectiveness of conventional multiple-removal schemes, such as adaptive subtraction of multiples predicted by convolution of the data.

Being There Is Half the Battle: Group Inclusion, Constitution-Writing, and Democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2135-2170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Eisenstadt ◽  
Tofigh Maboudi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Popular Participation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Being There ◽  
Individual Participation ◽  
What Matters

Using an original data set assessing the effect of the 195 new constitutions worldwide over the past 40 years on levels of democracy, this article argues that when popular participation and group inclusion are both considered, inclusion is what matters. After showing that group inclusion generates more improvements in levels of democracy than mere participation in our data set of implemented constitutions, we address some of the prominent cases of constitution-writing failure that occur when individual participation is valued more highly than group inclusion. The article shows that even after unprecedented waves of popular participation through social media feedback (Egypt and Iceland) and focus groups and workshops (Chile), participation alone cannot generate constitutions that improve levels of democracy, or, sometimes, even the very promulgation of new constitutions. Indeed, using these cases as illustrations, we show how participation without inclusion is doomed to failure. We then show that high inclusion cases, even if they involve low participation (such as Tunisia 2014 and Colombia 1991), do generate democracy improvements.

Floristic description and environmental relationships of Tasmanian Sphagnum communities and their conservation management

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Whinam ◽  
L. A. Barmuta ◽  
N. Chilcott
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Dimensional Solution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Scaling ◽  
Vegetation Surveys ◽  
Floristic Data ◽  
Reserve System

A floristic data set spanning 15 years was compiled from vegetation surveys of Sphagnum peatlands across Tasmania. The data were ordinated by hybrid multi-dimensional scaling and a three-dimensional solution was most satisfactory. The strongest floristic gradient corresponded to changes in altitude and moisture. Original data were included from Sphagnum peatlands outside their commonly recorded altitudinal, geologic and geographic ranges. Several new types of Sphagnum peatland are described. While many of Tasmania’s subalpine and alpine Sphagnum peatlands are protected within reserves, this is not the case for montane and lowland Sphagnum peatlands. During the past decade, the pressure on Sphagnum peatlands outside the Tasmanian reserve system has continued to increase. Threats such as Sphagnum-moss harvesting, peat mining, burning, grazing and forestry operations have an impact on both the number and condition of Sphagnum peatlands.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

New forms of intra-European migration, labour market dynamics and social inequality in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Verwiebe ◽  
Laura Wiesböck ◽  
Roland Teitzer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Migration

This article deals mainly with new forms of Intra-European migration, processes of integration and inequality, and the dynamics of emerging transnational labour markets in Europe. We discuss these issues against the background of fundamental changes which have been taking place on the European continent over the past two decades. Drawing on available comparative European data, we examine, in a first step, whether the changes in intra-European migration patterns have been accompanied by a differentiation of the causes of migration. In a second step, we discuss the extent to which new forms of transnational labour markets have been emerging within Europe and their effects on systems of social stratification.

Electing the Senate

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Schiller ◽  
Charles Stewart III
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
State Legislators ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Senate Elections ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Seventeenth Amendment ◽  
The People ◽  
Election Process

From 1789 to 1913, U.S. senators were not directly elected by the people—instead the Constitution mandated that they be chosen by state legislators. This radically changed in 1913, when the Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, giving the public a direct vote. This book investigates the electoral connections among constituents, state legislators, political parties, and U.S. senators during the age of indirect elections. The book finds that even though parties controlled the partisan affiliation of the winning candidate for Senate, they had much less control over the universe of candidates who competed for votes in Senate elections and the parties did not always succeed in resolving internal conflict among their rank and file. Party politics, money, and personal ambition dominated the election process, in a system originally designed to insulate the Senate from public pressure. The book uses an original data set of all the roll call votes cast by state legislators for U.S. senators from 1871 to 1913 and all state legislators who served during this time. Newspaper and biographical accounts uncover vivid stories of the political maneuvering, corruption, and partisanship—played out by elite political actors, from elected officials, to party machine bosses, to wealthy business owners—that dominated the indirect Senate elections process. The book raises important questions about the effectiveness of Constitutional reforms, such as the Seventeenth Amendment, that promised to produce a more responsive and accountable government.

Phänologische Trends bei den Waldbäumen in der Schweiz | Phenological trends regarding the forest trees in Switzerland

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
The Alps

Numerous publications are devoted to plant phenological trends of all trees, shrubs and herbs. In this work we focus on trees of the forest. We take into account the spring season (leaf and needle development) as well as the autumn (colour turning and shedding of leaves) for larch, spruce and beech, and,owing to the lack of further autumn phases, the horse chestnut. The proportion of significant trends is variable, depending on the phenological phase. The strongest trend to early arrival in spring was measured for needles of the larch for the period between 1951 and 2000 with over 20 days. The leaves of the horse chestnut show the earliest trend to turn colour in autumn. Beech leaves have also changed colour somewhat earlier over the past 50 years. The trend for shedding leaves, on the other hand, is slightly later. Regional differences were examined for the growth of needles in the larch where the weakest trends towards early growth are found in Canton Jura and the strongest on the southern side of the Alps. The warming of the climate strongly influences phenological arrival times. Trees in the forest react to this to in a similar way to other plants that have been observed (other trees, shrubs and herbs).

Styles of Representation in Constituencies in the Homeland and Abroad: The Case of Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Østergaard-Nielsen ◽  
Stefano Camatarri
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
At Home

Abstract The role orientation of political representatives and candidates is a longstanding concern in studies of democratic representation. The growing trend in countries to allow citizens abroad to candidate in homeland elections from afar provides an interesting opportunity for understanding how international mobility and context influences ideas of representation among these emigrant candidates. In public debates, emigrant candidates are often portrayed as delegates of the emigrant constituencies. However, drawing on the paradigmatic case of Italy and an original data set comprising emigrant candidates, we show that the perceptions of styles of representation abroad are more complex. Systemic differences between electoral districts at home and abroad are relevant for explaining why and how candidates develop a trustee or delegate orientation.

Do the Heterogeneous Determinants of Repayment Affect Differently across Borrowers of Diverse Credit Sources in Rural Assam? A Double Hurdle Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 245513332110316
Author(s):  
Tiken Das ◽  
Pradyut Guha ◽  
Diganta Das
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit ◽  
Instrumental Variable Probit Model

This study made an attempt to answer the question: Do the heterogeneous determinants of repayment affect the borrowers of diverse credit sources differently? The study is based on data collected from 240 households from three districts in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam through a carefully designed primary survey. Besides, the study uses the double hurdle approach and the instrumental variable probit model to reduce possible selection bias. It observes better repayment performance among formal borrowers, followed by semiformal borrowers, while occupation wise it is prominent among organised employees. It has been found that in general, the household characteristics, loan characteristics and location-specific characteristics significantly affect repayment performance of borrowers. However, the nature of impact of the factors influencing repayment performance is remarkably different across credit sources. It ignores the role of traditional community-based organisations in rural Assam while analysing the determinants of repayment performance. The study also recommends for ensuring productive opportunities and efficient market linkages in rural areas of Assam. The study is based on an original data set that has specially been collected to examine question that—do the heterogeneous determinants of repayment affect the borrowers of diverse credit sources differently in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam—which has not been studied before.

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