Rethinking the Seismic History of the Gulf of Patti (Northeast Sicily, Italy): New Insights from the Local Historical Archives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D’Amico ◽  
Viviana Castelli ◽  
Monica Maugeri
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Recurrence Relations ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Historical Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Losses

Abstract Improving the knowledge of the seismic history of a region plays a key role in the evaluation of recurrence relations for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. In this study, we present the results of an investigation carried out in two local historical archives in northeast Sicily, Italy. Several letters, petitions, and reports describing the effects of some earthquakes that occurred between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries in the Gulf of Patti area were found and analyzed. This contributed in filling the knowledge gap about a series of moderate-to-large seismic events that were overshadowed by catastrophic earthquakes with major impacts both on human losses and cultural heritage. We describe this experience in the hope that other historians will take up the work, looking for other northeast Sicily local archives to investigate because we believe this is the right way toward a better definition of the seismic history of one of the most seismically active regions of Italy.

The legal status of emigrants from Russia in the first years after the October Revolution of 1917 (on the example of North Caucasians)

2021 ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
Anzor A. Murdalov ◽  
Rustam A. Tovsultanov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Second World War ◽  
October Revolution ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
International Convention ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Second World

Emigration has been known to mankind for more than a century. We name the factors contributing to emigration, give examples from the history of emigration both abroad and Russia. We emphasize that at the present time, Russian citizens emigrate to other countries, using the right to freely leave the state, and can also have dual citizenship under Russian law, or renounce citizenship, and then get it again. We pay special attention to the settlement of the territory of North Caucasus, which began in the 8th – 7th – 6th – 5th thousand BC. We analyze the features of emigration of people from North Caucasus after the October Revolution of 1917. The specifics of the emigration of people from this region of country are emphasized. Thus, the majority of people emigrated to the Ottoman Empire, and then moved to Europe. We indicate that in fact, after the adoption of the Decrees of the Central Executive Committee, the SNK of RSFSR in 1921, “On the deprivation of the rights of citizenship of certain categories of persons who are abroad” many emigrants from Russia, including North Caucasians, have become disenfranchised. This circumstance greatly influenced the publication of the Nansen passport (it was introduced in 1922 and became widespread in 1924), according to which emigrants were granted a number of legal and social rights. In addition, it is applicable to emigrants from Russia, including from the North Caucasus, in 1922 and 1926. The Geneva definition of “Russian refugee” was given, and the International Convention on the International Status of Refugees of 1933 created an alternative to naturalization for refugees from Russia. Subsequently, before the outbreak of the Second World War, people received, as a rule, the citizenship of the countries in which they began to live.

Between health and salary: The incomplete regulation of working time in European law

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-385
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The European Union competences on health and safety of workplace constituted the legal basis for the 93/104 Directive to be adopted (and for the consolidated text of 2003/88 Directive). The Court of Justice has firmly maintained this approach refusing to take into account the history of international regulation on working time, which links together work and salary in perspective to give the workers the right to fair and equal treatment as regards their working conditions (as has been recently proclaimed also by the European Pillar of Social Rights). Building on these general premises, this article analyses the more recent European pieces of legislation and cases related to on-call time and proposes a new model for the definition of working time in the light of CJEU case law.

scholarly journals History of Ukrainian law: conceptual, istoriografìcal and comparative components of its identification

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
P. Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The approaches to the category "History of Ukrainian Law" are analyzed, its author definition and periodization in the historical dimension is proposed. Doctrinal approach of the Department of History of Law and State of the law Faculty of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv is defined, which consists in recognition of the right of law before the State Institute. In our opinion, with the advent of the state, history of law appears as a history of national legislation in its relationship and interdependence with the state's regulatory activities – its administrative and judicial institutions, organization and activities of the army, police, and punitive agencies etc. The author indicates that the story is indicative that society can develop steadily in the coordinate of the environment, and the function of the instrument of the Zaman environment executes the right. The porpose of article is reserchirg the history of Ukrainian law: conceptual, istoriografìcal and comparative components of its identification It is alleged that for the first time the definition of "history of Ukrainian Law" is not implemented in Ukraine but beyond its borders. The galaxy of lawyers, and among them and historians of law, after the defeat of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917 – 1921, were forced to leave the motherland and settle in the neighboring countries of Eastern Europe. A textbook of such name appeared in the conditions of Ukrainian emigration in the early 1920-ies. This primacy belongs to several researchers of the Ukrainian diaspora, who, with no historical, historical, legal sources and archival materials, have remained in the absolute majority in the libraries and archival funds of Soviet Ukraine. However, in these conditions they were able to lay the foundations for the formation of the appropriate field of scientific knowledge. It is noted that the successor of the traditions preserved in the diaspora can be called the Department of the History of law and State of the law Faculty of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv University, whose members for many years advocate not only the name of the educational The subject "History of Ukrainian Law", but also prove its genetic connection with the right of the Rus state, other national state formations of the later period. A few manuals on the history of Ukrainian law came from the pen of the lecturers. Special emphasis was made on the works of Alexander Shevchenko, who became the author of several textbooks and manuals that are still widely used in the educational process of law faculties in Ukraine. In one of them, O. Shevchenko actualized The problem of periodization of Ukrainian law, where the main criterion was determined by the evolution of the sources of law. In these positions is the author of the proposed publication. In the final part of the work emphasized the examples in the differences in the evolution, essence and content of the Ukrainian law from the Russian.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THEIR ROLE IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN KOSOVO AND CRIMEA. Part 2

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Territorial Integrity ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The second part of the article considers the issue of the contradiction of the realization of the right to self-determination and the principle of territorial integrity of Serbia and Ukraine on the example of Kosovo and Crimea. It presents an analysis of the legitimacy of the will expression of Kosovars and Crimeans and its compliance with the norms of international law. The preconditions and factors of the ethnopolitical conflict are examined and the main problematic issues that caused controversies between the central and local authorities in Kosovo and Crimea are identified. The article emphasizes that the result of the plebiscites in Kosovo (1998) and Crimea (2014) was the declaration of independence, denied by central authorities of Serbia and Ukraine and met with mixed reactions by the international community. The self-proclaimed republics have only external features of statehood and are subject to external administration of other countries. A latent opposition of geopolitical opponents in the international arena is noted, which is to some extent traced through the position on the recognition / non-recognition of Kosovo and Crimea. The article draws attention to the fact that inconsistent interpretations of certain principles of international law promote secession movements in countries where conflicts periodically arise between central and local authorities. The emphasis is placed on the necessity of a clearer definition of the aforementioned international legal norms and obligations undertaken by subjects of international law. The article holds that in order to avoid such situations as in Kosovo or Crimea, to eliminate conflicts related to the possibility of an ambiguous interpretation and application of the principles of international law, an internationally recognized system of more stringent and comprehensive measures should be introduced to cease and prevent threats to the territorial integrity of countries. A strong position of the international community on the abovementioned principles with the history of the liberation movements of these peoples taken into account should become the measure precluding the aggravation of conflict situations related to the aspiration of peoples for self-determination.

scholarly journals A Short History of the Right-Holding Person

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Visa A.J. Kurki
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Legal Personhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Sense

The chapter is a historical survey of the genealogy of legal personhood, offering context for how two central notions of modern legal philosophy—personhood and rights—developed. It traces how the Roman notions of personhood inspired Renaissance-era French and German scholars to start using persona in a distinct legal sense that would then, in nineteenth-century Germany, develop into a definition of persons as right-holders. This view was imported into the English-speaking world by John Austin, who had studied in Bonn, Germany. Austin would later influence the works of such influential jurisprudents as John Salmond and Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld.

A Cultural History of Memory in Antiquity

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Remote Past

The ancient world is a paradigm for the memory scholar. Without an awareness that collective memories are not only different from individual memories (or even the sum thereof) but also highly constructed, ancient research will be fundamentally flawed. Many networks of memories are beautifully represented in the written and material remains of antiquity, and it is precisely the ways in which they are fashioned, distorted, preserved or erased through which we can learn about the historical process as such. Our evidence is deeply characterized by the fact that ancient ‘identity’ and ‘memory’ appear exceptionally strong. Responsible for this is a continuing desire to link the present to the remote past, which creates many contexts in which memories were constructed. The ancient historian therefore has the right tools with which to work: places and objects from the past, monuments and iconography, and textual narratives with a primary purpose to memorize and commemorate. This is paired with our desire to understand the ancient world through its own self-perception. With the opportunity of tapping into this world by way of oral history, personal testimonies are a desideratum in all respects. Memory of the past, however, is profoundly about ‘self-understanding’. This volume surveys and builds on the many insights we have gained from vibrant research in the field since Maurice Halbwachs’ and Jan Assmann’s seminal studies on the idea and definition of ‘cultural memory’. While focusing on specific themes all chapters address the concepts and expressions of memory, and their historical impact and utilization by groups and individuals at specific times and for specific reasons.

A review of exercise pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237
Author(s):  
Faisal Shaikh ◽  
Zafia Anklesaria ◽  
Tasneam Shagroni ◽  
Rajeev Saggar ◽  
Luna Gargani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prognostic Implications ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

In general, pulmonary vascular disease has important negative prognostic implications, regardless of the associated condition or underlying mechanism. In this regard, systemic sclerosis is of particular interest as it is the most common connective tissue disease associated with pulmonary hypertension, and a well-recognized at-risk population. In the setting of systemic sclerosis and unexplained dyspnea, the concept of using exercise to probe for underlying pulmonary vascular disease has acquired significant interest. In theory, a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis–associated exercise pulmonary hypertension may allow for earlier therapeutic intervention and a favorable alteration in the natural history of the pulmonary vascular disease. In the context of underlying systemic sclerosis, the purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the evolving definition of exercise pulmonary hypertension, the current role and methodologies for non-invasive and invasive exercise testing, and the importance of the right ventricle.

scholarly journals Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Bayankhongor aimag of Mongolia

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Ankhtsetseg D ◽  
Odonbaatar Ch ◽  
Mоngоnsuren D ◽  
Bayarsaikhan E ◽  
Dembereldulam M
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Probability Of Exceedance ◽  
Area Source

Central Asia is one of the seismically most active regions in the world. Its complex seismicity is due to the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates, which has resulted in some of the world’s largest intra-plate events over history. The region is dominated by reverse faulting over strike slip and normal faulting events.The GSHAP project, aiming at hazard assessment on a global scale, indicates that the territory of Bayankhongor aimag, Mongolia, in Central Asia is characterized by maximum bedrock peak ground accelerations for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years as medium as in range of 80 to 160cm/s2. In this study, which has been carried out within the framework of the project “Seismic microzoning map of center of 12 aimags, Mongolia”, the area source model and different kernel approaches are used for a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for the Mongolia. The seismic hazard is assessed considering shallow (depth <50 km) seismicity only and employs an updated (with respect to previous projects) earthquake catalogue for the region. The hazard maps, shown in terms of 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, are derived by using the Open Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (ODPSHA), which is based on the Cornell methodology. The maximum hazard observed in the region reaches 93-98 cm/s2 , which in intensity corresponds to VII in MSK64 scale in the centre of Bayankhongor aimag for 475 years mean return period.

Legal State is the Goal of the Rule of Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
V.V. Ershov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Understanding

Introduction. The term “legal state” can be found in numerous international and national legal instruments, as well as in the works of contemporary scholars and scholars of previous generations. This word combination is widely used by politicians and lawyers. Its various applications dictate the need for a definition of the essence of the “rule of law” and its manifestations. Theoretical Basis. Methods. From the position of scientifically grounded concept of integrative legal understanding, according to which only principles and norms of law contained in a single, multilevel and developing system of national and international law forms implemented in the state, the article concludes that it is theoretically debatable that in the special literature, international and national legal documents and legal acts two separate concepts of “rule of law” and “legal state” exist. Results. The notion of the rule of law has a long history of development. In the relevant context, the concept appeared as early as in the writings of Plato and Aristotle. At present, there are also many scientific works devoted to the study of this issue, which is still relevant. The article analyses the notion of the “rule of law” from the perspective of legal positivism as well as the scientifically grounded and scientifically debatable concept of integrative legal understanding. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that the concept of “the rule of law” has evolved in different historical epochs under the influence of social, economic factors, emerging scientific views, but is still incomplete. From the perspective of the scientifically based concept of an integrative legal understanding, the author believes that it is theoretically more reasonable to view the rule of law as the goal of regulating legal relations in a legal state, self-limited not only by “internal” law, but also limited by “external” law. Discussion and Conclusion. Concepts of the rule of law according to the types of legal understanding of the researchers can be classified into concepts developed on the basis of: legal positivism (‘thin’ concepts; scientifically debatable concepts of integrative legal understanding, arguably synthesising both the right and the wrong); scientifically substantiated concepts of integrative legal understanding. According to the latter approach, a valid legal state is not only self-limited by “internal” law, but is also limited by “external” law, and theoretically more precisely by the principles and norms of law contained in a single, evolving and multilevel system of national and international law forms.

scholarly journals Terminai kepenų anatomijai ir rezekcijoms apibūdinti: Brisbane 2000 metų sistema būtina naudotis ir Lietuvoje

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Raimundas Lunevičius
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Liver Anatomy ◽  
Left Liver ◽  
Liver Section ◽  
Basic Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
National Languages

Raimundas LunevičiusVilniaus universiteto Gastroenterologijos, nefrourologijos ir chirurgijos klinikos Bendrosios chirurgijos centras,Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinė ligoninė, Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Tarptautinės hepatopankreatobiliarinės asociacijos (IHPBA) terminologijos komitetas 2000 metais Brisbane (Australija) vykusiame kongrese unifikavo terminus kepenų anatomijai ir rezekcijoms apibūdinti. Šio straipsnio pagrindinis tikslas – gimtąja kalba publikuoti 2000 metais paskelbtą Brisbane sistemą. Nomenklatūros terminų vertimas į lotynų kalbą, jų apibūdinimas, reikšmės ir problematikos įvardijimas yra kiti šio straipsnio tikslai. Medžiaga 2000 metais Brisbane (Australija) paskelbta IHPBA terminologijos komiteto kepenų anatomijos ir rezekcijų nomenklatūra. Rezultatai IHPBA Brisbane 2000 metų terminai išversti į lietuvių ir lotynų kalbas. Terminas hemiliver neturi loginio pagrindimo, nes dešinioji ir kairioji kepenų dalys pagal savo tūrius yra nelygios. Šių anglų kalbos terminų vertimas į lietuvių kalbos medicininius terminus yra problemiškas: hemiliver, right liver, left liver, section, sectionectomy, trisectionectomy. Terminas hemiliver į lotynų kalbą neišverčiamas. Žodis lobe, t. y. skiltis, yra tinkamesnis nei žodis hemiliver (taip pat jis tinkamesnis apibūdinant terminus right liver ir left liver). Diskusija apie žodžio "skiltis" tinkamumą nomenklatūroje turi būti atnaujinta dar kartą. Nors lotyniško termino sectio reikšmė išlieka prieštaringa, šis terminas galėtų būti vartojamas. Termino sector vertiniai iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių ir lotynų kalbas yra tinkamesni nei termino section. Vilniaus universiteto profesorius Juozas Serapinas 1961–1972 metais tirdamas kepenų anatomiją apibūdino devynis kepenų segmentus. Išvados Terminai lobe (anglų k.), skiltis (lietuvių k.), lobus (lotynų k.) yra tinkamesni kepenų anatomijos ir rezekcijų nomenklatūrai nei panašią prasmę turintys terminai hemiliver ir liver (skiltis "skiriant" vidurinei kepenų plokštumai). Brisbane 2000 metų sistema išlieka prieštaringa pagal terminams keliamus reikalavimus. Ne anglų kalba, o lotynų kalba, kuri išlieka tradicine akademine medicine kalba, galėtų būti bazine kalba parenkant ir nustatant anatominius ir chirurginius terminus kepenų anatomijos ir rezekcijų terminų nomenklatūrai. J. Serapino įnašas į devynių segmentų kepenų struktūros koncepcijos tyrimo istoriją turi būti įvertintas iš naujo. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kepenų anatomija, kepenų terminija, kepenų chirurgija, hepatektomija, kepenų rezekcija, hemihepatektomija, sekcioektomija, sektorektomija, segmentektomija Terminology for definition of liver anatomy and resections: it is essential to use Brisbane 2000 system in Lithuania Raimundas LunevičiusVilnius Universitety, Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nefrourology and Surgery, Center of General Surgery,Vilnius University Emergency Hospital, Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected] Background / objective Translation of the universal Brisbane 2000 terminology of liver anatomy and resections into Lithuanian and Latin languages and pointing out how the translated versions correspond to specific attributes for the terminology. Material Terminology of Liver Anatomy and Resections by Terminology Committee of the IHPBA, Brisbane 2000, Australia. Results The IHPBA Brisbane 2000 terminology of liver anatomy and resections is introduced in the Lithuanian language. The terminology of this nomenclature was translated into and introduced in the Latin language, too. The term hemiliver has no logistic explanation and translation because the right hemiliver and the left hemiliver are not equal in volume. The following terms were translated with difficulty into Lithuanian: hemiliver, right liver, left liver, section, sectionectomy, trisectionectomy. In fact, they are not translatable directly word by word in this national language. The term hemiliver, is not translated into Latin at all. The use of word lobe instead of word hemiliver (in addition, instead of right liver and left liver) can be discussed further. The meaning of the term section still remains controversial in Latin. Nevertheless, it could be acceptable. The term sector is more suitable than the term section both in Lithuanian and in Latin. Professor of Vilnius university (Lithuania) Juozas Serapinas defined 9 hepatic segments and described them in scientific literature in the period of his research in 1961–1972. Conclusions The term lobe (by midplane of the liver) is more suitable in the nomenclature of hepatic anatomy and resections than the terms hemiliver or liver. The terms of Brisbane 2000 system are still controversial regarding attributes for the terminology (translatability and others). Not English but Latin, which still remains a traditional academic medical language, might be the basic language for constructing anatomical and surgical terms for the nomenclature of liver anatomy and resections. If so, terms have to be constructed in Latin and translated from Latin into English and other national languages. The contribution of J. Serapinas to the history of development of the 9-segment structure of the human liver should be re-evaluated. Keywords: liver anatomy, liver terminology, liver surgery, hepatectomy, liver resection, hemihepatectomy, sectionectomy, sectorectomy, segmentectomy

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