scholarly journals Young Scientists’ Motivation for the Research Activity in Russian Regional Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 122-153
Author(s):  
R. A. Dolzhenko ◽  
V. A. Karpilianskii ◽  
R. A. Hady ◽  
A. S. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Young Scientist ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Young Researchers

Introduction. In modern Russian science, there is a contradiction between the need for workforce rejuvenation and the orientation of the existing system on established scientists, whose interest in conducting breakthrough research has been weakened. Most promising young researchers are deprived of the freedom to independently choose the field of application of their abilities; also, scientists do not have access to resources to solve complex innovative problems and cannot directly represent the products of their work to those people, who may need them. As a rule, young scientists’ research interests are usually limited by the agenda dictated by scientific supervisors; the list of grant contests available for participation is extremely small; formalised requirements of postgraduate studies and thesis defence are conservative and full of outdated rules. In particular, all the above-mentioned problems are evident in the regions.The aim of the work is to highlight young scientists’ (e.g. employees of provincial scientific and educational organisations) motivational factors influencing the research on relevant topics and conditions for success in such research activities.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework is based on the systemic approach, which involves a comparative analysis method and a hypothetical-deductive method. The empirical material was collected through questionnaire and expert surveys. The cluster sampling involved 148 young scientists (Doctors of Sciences under 40 years old, Candidates of Sciences under 35 years old, postgraduate students and researchers without a degree under 30 years old). In-depth interviews were conducted with the most successful respondents (N = 20) to comprehensively assess the factors of their professional activity, since it is the leaders, who primarily determine the effectiveness of functioning system.Results and scientific novelty. The motivation of a young scientist is considered as a key factor in the productivity of his or her research behaviour, which, in turn, depends on the needs of the individual and the degree of his or her satisfaction with self-realisation in the process of targeted scientific search. The authors formulated a number of hypotheses regarding the motivation of young scientists and the reasons for the decreased scientific activity in recent years based on the analysis of statistics on the state and dynamics of research activities in Russia as a whole, in regions and in individual institutions; on the comparative indicators of such activity and the benchmarking of its best practices beforehand, in the course of the pilot study (in February-March 2018). The authors developed and validated survey tools in order to test the assumptions and to check the final list of assumptions, which included a questionnaire and a list of expert assessments. The generalisation of results based on the questionnaire and the interviews of young researchers made it possible to specify their motivational features and to identify the structural core. There is a clear discrepancy between the desire of respondents to engage in research and the opportunities provided at the state and regional levels, and in the scientific and educational organisations. Traditional support mechanisms for young scientists do not allow using their research and personal potential adequately. The lack of due attention to young scientific personnel will have long-term negative consequences not only for the Russian science, but also for the entire production and economic sector of the country.Practical significance. The proposals and recommendations are made to adjust the management of research activities in the regions and to revise the research policy in order to implement the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The Use of the Foresight Methods in Developing an Algorithm for Conducting Qualitative Examination of the Research Activities Results on the Example of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Rinat Zhanbayev ◽  
Saule Sagintayeva ◽  
Abildina Ainur ◽  
Anton Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Patent Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Republic

In modern conditions, it is interesting to study foresight as an effective tool for identifying new strategic scientific directions. Its purpose is to develop an algorithm for conducting qualitative expertise in the application of the foresight methods with the ability to integrate forecast estimates. Currently, the vast majority of research activities results do not contribute to the innovative development of the state. To solve this problem, it is necessary to ensure a stable systemic relationship between specific sectors of the economy and higher education. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a systematic approach to the foresight methods and the use of the methods of bibliometrics, scientometrics, patent analysis and forecasting. The results and conclusions of this study are: an algorithm has been developed for conducting qualitative examination of the results of scientific activities in order to increase its practical significance, in which the authors propose the foresight methods as the most optimal tool for choosing priority areas of science and technology. Putting this approach into practice will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the foresight methods by both reducing time costs, and rationally using monetary and human resources.

scholarly journals State Service in the Prosecutor’s Office in the System of State Service in the Law Enforcement Sphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
ANDREI V. SMIRNOV
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
State Service ◽  
Moral Principles

Introduction: the paper analyzes current Russian legislation regulating the functioning of the institute of state service. Aim: to study federal legislative acts containing provisions that define the list of state bodies that are classified as law enforcement agencies, and to look into the reasons why the legislator abandons the term “law enforcement service”. Methods: general scientific and special methods, including comparative legal, comprehensive, logical methods, analysis and synthesis. Results: we reveal certain inconsistencies in the regulatory framework that make it difficult to establish common features and specifics of administrative and legal status of such bodies; these inconsistencies also impede further development of the theory of administrative law when studying the institution of state service. Conclusion: based on the analysis of the types of functional activities of state bodies, we conclude that the service in the prosecutor’s office is classified as the state service related to law enforcement activity; we note its similarity and difference in relation to the service in other state bodies that perform law enforcement functions, including institutions and bodies of the penal system. In line with the methodology of integrative legal understanding, we define the service in the prosecutor’s office as the professional activity carried out on behalf of the state by employees holding positions in authorized federal state bodies and empowered by law to apply state enforcement measures aimed at protecting law and order, human rights and freedoms, public and state interests, combating crimes and other offenses, or the professional activity related to the performance of the functions of internal administration and staffing of these bodies. We emphasize that such service is implemented in strict accordance with the rules established by administrative and legal norms, and on the basis of ethical principles and moral principles that form the orientation of employees toward achieving socially useful goals and interests of the state itself. Scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the conclusions made in it can be used in scientific, educational and law-making activities. Key words: state service; law enforcement agencies; law enforcement activities; control and supervisory activities; human rights activities; prosecutor’s office agencies; prosecutor’s office employees.

scholarly journals BUILDING RESEARCH COMPETENCE OF PHD STUDENTS: AN ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF A PHD SCHOOL

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. А. Strokova
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Research Competence ◽  
Research Activities

Introduction.Postgraduate education of the Russian higher school is traditionally considered as a strategic reserve, which provides the continuity of academic and teaching personnel and the efficiency of education of future experts. However, the total number of this key resource of the higher education system, which guarantees its stable functioning and further forward development, has been reduced in recent years. Postgraduate admission has decreased, in particular, pedagogical training programmes. What is most important, the PhD student quality has substantially dropped.Theaimof the present publication was to identify the level of research skills of PhD students of pedagogical specialisation and present the most productive ways for the formation of skills to carry out research activities.Methodology and research methods.The study was based on the ideas of systemic-activity approach, competency-based approach and major provisions of the theory of action. Scientific publications on research projects of PhD students and the concept of “new” post graduate school in the Russian education were analysed. Online survey and questionnaire survey of PhD students, their supervisors and members of dissertation boards were conducted. The assessment of results of research conducted by PhD students, synthesis and description of productive teaching practices and positive pedagogical experience gained at Tyumen State University (TSU) were applied.Results and scientific novelty.Based on the classical interpretation of nature and contents of human activity, a definition of research activity is formulated. It constitutes as the grounds for development of the contents and procedure for the list of research tasks for PhD students to master in order to successfully complete their PhD studies (as yet, the similar register has been compiled and scientifically based only for a bachelor degree). Insufficient competence of many PhD students to organise and conduct an independent scientific and pedagogical search is proved. Unstable components of their research competence are revealed: inability to use the most important elements of the methodology corpus and problems in writing scientific texts. Practically verified methods and means to develop the research competence of PhD students, doctoral candidates, applicants on academic degrees and their research supervisors are described: methodological seminars of the education department, a group analysis of scientific texts for publication, group visits and discussion of open lectures and seminars for teachers of the education department and PhD students, role mini-plays, public preliminary dissertation defense, participation in the events held by the department, etc.Practical significance.Knowledge of the gaps in research competence of PhD students will allow their supervisors to selectively improve the students’ skills, which are necessary for writing and defending the dissertation. Creative application and systematically scientific-pedagogical work will help achieve a significant improvement in building PhD student competence for scientific and teaching activities.

scholarly journals The topic matter of research project activity of student’s in line with the directions of anthropological linguistics: the achievement of subject outcomes and the development of language competencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Jana A. Solunova ◽  
Juliya J. Danilova
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
The Russian Language

The topic matter of the research is the system of methods, forms and means of organizing the project-research activities among middle school students in the Russian language classes. This fact determines the work as practice-oriented: the authors of the article make an attempt to formulate and propose their own topics of projects and researches in Russian lessons within project-research activity in accordance with the feasibility and expected substantive studying outcomes. In the course of the work, with the aim of a comprehensive analysis of the indicated issue at different stages, general scientific methods were used: the method of continuous sampling; systematization and generalization; observation, analysis, classification, descriptive-analytical method; modeling method, which altogether have provided a full picture. Among the most significant results of the study, the author’s development of themes and a construct (algorithm with development and description) of the project-research activity of 5-7 grades schoolchildren within the modern directions of linguistics with possible subsequent implementation in Russian lessons and/or in extracurricular activities as a way to achieve a fairly wide range of substantive studying outcomes is showed up. The work’s resulting outcomes determine the practical significance of the research: the research materials can be used in the Russian language classes, in the organization of research activities for middle and high school students, in the development of special courses and special seminars, in the compilation of textbooks on relevant subject. The work concludes the next: the topic matter of project-research activity should be reasonable, appropriate for children’s age in order to increase students’ interest in learning and participation in project-research activity. It is especially important to ensure that they can understand its structure: their own goals in this activity, possible methods of solutions, etc. It is also important that students can search for information on their own, present their project or its fragment, etc.

How Do the Romanian Students Consider the Research Competencies Appropriate for Their Future Career?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-179
Author(s):  
Roxana Constanţa Enache ◽  
Gabriel Gorghiu ◽  
Laura Monica Gorghiu ◽  
Ana-Maria Aurelia Petrescu ◽  
Camelia Stăiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Research Competencies ◽  
The Individual

Students’ research competencies are seen today, for any specialist, as necessary, both in terms of their use in academic training but also for the future careers. The analysis of educational practices in various education systems shows that the development of those skills starts sooner or later along the educational paths. We consider that research competencies are necessary in more and more diverse contexts, together with the development of educational practices that should develop the research competences in the initial and continuous training processes. This study aims to capture the correlation between the perceptions of Romanian students concerning the need to develop research competencies, and the extent to which they are effectively formed in actual higher education programs. The steps made for the development of each career, but also the successful completion of the university studies imply the development and practice of research competencies. The research aims to identify how students from several Romanian universities perceive the need to gather research competencies, what is the meaning of those skills, in what situations are used, but also what barriers are encountered in the research activity. Seeking to minimize any negative impact of research on the well-being status, we believe that a key factor in facilitating well-being is related to responsible research and innovation. Another important aspect of this research is offered by the identification of the respondents’ perceptions considering the importance of research in the students’ future professional activity, which could implicitly determine the interest in ensuring the individual and organizational well-being. For the present research, we aim to find a correlation of research competencies with the well-being status, to identify the necessary research competencies among the objectives of training, to determine the structural elements of research competencies, to identify situations / contexts in which such skills may be useful, to identify aspects that alters the well-being status in research activities, as well as solutions for promoting the well-being status in research activities.

scholarly journals Interconnection of reflexivity and meaningful orientations as a factor in the formation of professional responsibility of future military specialists

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Monahov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Responsibility ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Life Meaning ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that qualitative changes in military professional activity necessitate high-quality professional training of future military specialists capable of manifesting professional responsibility in the context of constantly changing social and military practices. The purpose of the article is to present the results of a study demonstrating the psychological and pedagogical potential of the relationship between reflexivity and life-meaning orientations in the formation of professional responsibility in future military specialists. To obtain empirical data, the technique for determining the level of reflexivity by A.V.Karpova, a test of life-meaning orientations (in the adaptation of D.A.Leontiev), and also mathematical and statistical methods of data processing. In the course of the study, the interrelation of reflexivity and life-meaning orientations of future military specialists was revealed, which provides an assessment of the productivity of a lived segment of life, the degree of comprehension of prospects and direction of actions; developing the ability to control behavior in professional and life situations; awareness of freedom of choice in accordance with the goals set, understanding of responsibility for the successes and failures in their activities, due to its capabilities. The methodological support of the formation of professional responsibility of future military specialists on the basis of the relationship between reflexivity and life-meaning orientations has been determined, which includes: reflexive seminars aimed at the development of self-governing personality mechanisms; the use of situational tasks as a methodological technique that imitates a practically significant professional situation; the method of projects, which allows to apply in practice the intellectual resources of the student, to form teamwork skills and responsibility for the result in the conditions of educational and professional activities; organization of research activities, providing search and research activity in relation to non-standard professional tasks. The productivity of the influence of the interrelation of reflection and the peculiarities of life-meaning orientations on the formation of professional responsibility of future military specialists has been confirmed.

State Service in the Prosecutor’s Office in the System of State Service in the Law Enforcement Sphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
ANDREI V. SMIRNOV
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
State Service ◽  
Moral Principles

Introduction: the paper analyzes current Russian legislation regulating the functioning of the institute of state service. Aim: to study federal legislative acts containing provisions that define the list of state bodies that are classified as law enforcement agencies, and to look into the reasons why the legislator abandons the term “law enforcement service”. Methods: general scientific and special methods, including comparative legal, comprehensive, logical methods, analysis and synthesis. Results: we reveal certain inconsistencies in the regulatory framework that make it difficult to establish common features and specifics of administrative and legal status of such bodies; these inconsistencies also impede further development of the theory of administrative law when studying the institution of state service. Conclusion: based on the analysis of the types of functional activities of state bodies, we conclude that the service in the prosecutor’s office is classified as the state service related to law enforcement activity; we note its similarity and difference in relation to the service in other state bodies that perform law enforcement functions, including institutions and bodies of the penal system. In line with the methodology of integrative legal understanding, we define the service in the prosecutor’s office as the professional activity carried out on behalf of the state by employees holding positions in authorized federal state bodies and empowered by law to apply state enforcement measures aimed at protecting law and order, human rights and freedoms, public and state interests, combating crimes and other offenses, or the professional activity related to the performance of the functions of internal administration and staffing of these bodies. We emphasize that such service is implemented in strict accordance with the rules established by administrative and legal norms, and on the basis of ethical principles and moral principles that form the orientation of employees toward achieving socially useful goals and interests of the state itself. Scientific and practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the conclusions made in it can be used in scientific, educational and law-making activities. Keywords: state service; law enforcement agencies; law enforcement activities; control and supervisory activities; human rights activities; prosecutor’s office agencies; prosecutor’s office employees.

scholarly journals Ways of improving teachers’ professional competencies in the field of training schoolchildren in project and research activity

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
I. A. Podrugina ◽  
O. N. Levushkina ◽  
D. V. Sergeeva ◽  
I. V. Ilyicheva
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Theoretical Significance

The article reflects the current trends in education associated with the active development of project and research activities in a modern high school and the importance of identifying the most effective ways to improve the general professional and professional competencies of teachers in this direction. The newness of the study is in the disclosure of an approved system for improving the professional qualifications of teachers in the field of modeling project and research activities of schoolchildren. The theoretical significance of the study is in the description of the main elements of the teacher’s competence development modules on the basis of a theoretical analysis of educational design and the creation of an idea about the expertise of a research project as a form of assessing the level of forming the students’ universal educational actions. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the provisions of the study, reflecting the specifics of the development and support of children’s giftedness by the pedagogical community, can be widely used in the process of preparing and implementing programs of interaction between high schools and universities.

scholarly journals The Development of Medical Criminal Law in Germany and in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-465
Author(s):  
Arseniy Bimbinov ◽  
Diana Stage
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Legal Assessment

Negative consequences of the actions of medical professionals have always been subject to controversial assessment from the legal standpoint. There were periods in Russian history when doctors were prosecuted even without establishing their guilt first, and the periods when doctors were not held responsible at all for the violations that they committed. Currently, medical and pharmaceutical work is a complicated process of performing professional functions connected with the observance of established standards and requirements of its organization. Most medical tests and manipulations of prevention, research, diagnostic, treatment or rehabilitation character are regulated by formal protocols which could, in some cases, prevent a qualified doctor from saving a patient’s life and in others — inflict forced harm on their health. Both of these situations require a legal assessment of the actions, the mechanism of which has not yet been fully determined. This circumstance could lead to a criminal prosecution of a medical professional whose fault is absent (or non-obvious). On the other hand, a structurally complex professional activity, for which there are no recognized methods of legal assessment, creates preconditions for various violations and abuses on the part of medical professionals. Changing relationships between a doctor and a patient, as well as the commercialization of modern medical practices have made the healthcare system one of the most delicto- and even criminally-oriented. These factors act as causes for the growing complexity of legislation (in the wide sense of the word) on criminal liability of medical professionals and the controversial law enforcement practice which, in its turn, leads to the interest of researchers in these problems. The results of such research often remain unconnected with other achievements of the criminal law science; due to this, it is necessary to study the development of law, including the practice of law enforcement and the doctrine, on criminal liability of medical professionals – medical criminal law. Taking into consideration that such a sub-branch of law is not traditional for Russian science, the authors present the results of researching the development of medical criminal law not only in Russia, but also in Germany, where this sphere of law has long been established as independent.

scholarly journals Research activity in the structure of the future doctor’s psychological readiness to the profession

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
E. A. Zakharova ◽  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
E. A. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Medical Activity ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Medical University

Introduction: modernization of Russian education is the central task of Russian educational policy. One of its distinctive features is the transition from the teaching and educational to the scientific and educational process, which allows the introduction of students' research work into it. A feature of the work of a practicing physician is the ability to analyze his own activities from a scientific point of view, knowledge and ability to work with methods of clinical research. Based on this, changes were made to the legislation, and in accordance with the Federal Standards2016 in the specialty of “Medicine”, a graduate who has mastered the program in his specialty should have professional competences that, along with competences in the field of medical activity, include competencies in research activities. Also, in accordance with the Federal Law of 21.11.2011 No. 323-FZ “Concerning the Basics of Citizen Health Protection in the Russian Federation”, a new system of continuous medical and pharmaceutical education was introduced, being aimed at continuous improvement of professional knowledge and skills throughout the entire working period of medical workers as well as the acquisition in practice of new professional skills.Psychological readiness of students for professional activity is a question that has been discussed by the scientific community for quite a long period of time. The structure of this construct has also been repeatedly discussed by many authors, but there is no consensus on this issue. The article presents the points of views of various scientists on the problem of readiness for research activities. The structure is proposed, which is a synthesis of several components: motivational, operational, and reflexive-evaluative ones. Many scientists studied this issue both Russian and foreign ones (L.S. Vygotsky, E.P. Ilyin, A.N. Leontyev, A.N. Poddyakov, E.A. Shashenkova, Zier K. Rosenberg I.E., Dantas J.B., Ley T.J., Rosenberg I.E., Solomon S.S., Tom S.C. et al.) Special attention is paid to the motivational component of psychological readiness for the research activities of future doctors. The problem of the necessity to develop this component is being actualized.Materials and methods: 76 students of the 1st course of the medical and pediatric faculties of thePrivolzhskyResearchMedicalUniversity were randomly selected for this study. The study was carried out in 3 stages: diagnostic, training, final diagnostic. At the initial and final stages 2 diagnostic procedures were used. The first one is the methodics for diagnosing the motives of students' learning activities according to A.A. Rean and V.A. Yakunin modified by N.Ts. Badmaeva. In this method, there are seven grading scales: scale 1 "Communicative motives"; scale 2 “Motives for avoiding failure”; scale 3 "Motives of prestige"; scale 4 "Professional motives"; scale 5 "Motives for creative self-realization"; scale 6 "Educational and cognitive motives"; scale 7 "Social motives". 2) Methods of studying the motivation of learning in the university by T.I. Ilyin ". The method presents three scales: “the acquisition of knowledge” (the desire to acquire knowledge, curiosity); “Mastering a profession” (striving to master professional knowledge and form professionally important qualities); "Obtaining a diploma" (the desire to acquire a diploma in the formal assimilation of knowledge, the desire to find workarounds for exams and tests).The results of the study: statistical results before and after the training in the framework of English language classes at the medical university demonstrate changes in the motivational field of students.Discussion and conclusions: the implementation of a collective training program in foreign language classes with the aim of the motivational component development to research activities of students at a medical university can be considered as an effective tool for the development of psychological readiness for further professional medical activity. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to solving this problem.

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