Share of fishmeal and oilseed meal in feed ratio

In this trial we aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of 4-O-methyl-glucuronoarabinoxylan (4OMG) on growth performance, thigh meat quality and small intestine development of female Partridge-Shank broilers. A total of 240 1-day-old female Partridge-Shank broilers were randomly distributed to four groups with three replicates of 20 within each group. Groups received either 0, 15, 20 or 25 g 4OMG/kg DM of diet. During the whole experiment of 60 days, broilers had ad libitum access to water and feed. At pen level, feed intake was recorded daily and broilers were weighed at the start and end of the experiment. For each group, three pens with a total of 20 broilers were randomly selected to determine the thigh meat quality and the small intestine development of broilers. Broilers fed diets with higher 4OMG had greater final liveweight (P = 0.004), daily bodyweight gain (P = 0.004) and gain-to-feed ratio (P < 0.001), muscle pH values (P = 0.031) and redness (P = 0.001), duodenal weight index (P = 0.042), jejunal (P = 0.043) and ileal length (P = 0.049), duodenal (P < 0.001) and ileal villus height (P = 0.008), but lower percentage of dead birds (P < 0.001), drip loss (P = 0.042) and shear force value (P = 0.043) of the thigh muscles. These results indicate that increasing dietary supplementation of 4OMG may improve growth performance and meat quality of female Partridge-Shank broilers through better development of small intestine.

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PSIX-9 Impacts of bunk management on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hydrogen sulfide concentration and blood oxygen saturation in steers fed 25 or 50% modified distillers grains plus solubles

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 422-422

Author(s):

Rebecca L Moore ◽

Cierrah J Kassetas ◽

Leslie A LeKatz ◽

Bryan W Neville

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Sulfide Concentration ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Arterial Blood

Abstract One hundred and twenty-six yearling angus steers (initial body weight 445.87 ± 7.13 kg) were utilized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate the impacts of bunk management and modified distillers grains plus solubles (mDGS) inclusion on feedlot performance, hydrogen sulfide concentrations and blood oxygen saturation. Treatments included bunk management strategy either control bunk management (CON; clean bunks at the time of next day’s feeding) or long bunk management (LONG; feed remaining at time of next day’s feeding), and two inclusion rates of mDGS either 25% or 50% (DM Basis). On d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 rumen gas samples were collected via rumenocentesis, and arterial blood samples were collected on two steers from each pen. No differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed for dry matter intake, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio for bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score and quality grade were not affected (P ≥ 0.48) by either bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Back fat was greater (P = 0.04) for CON steers compared to LONG (1.30 vs 1.12 ± 0.05cm, respectively), but was not affected (P = 0.59) by mDGS inclusion. Steers on CON had greater (P = 0.03) yield grades compared to LONG (3.21 vs 2.96 ± 0.11, respectively). Bunk management strategy did not impact hydrogen sulfide concentrations or blood oxygen saturation (P = 0.82). Hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing mDGS inclusion. Blood oxygen saturation was influenced by day of sampling (P = 0.01). Blood oxygen saturation was not affected (P = 0.07) by mDGS inclusion. The fact that ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased while blood oxygen saturation remained similar raises questions about the quantity of hydrogen sulfide and metabolic fate of excess hydrogen sulfide in the blood of ruminant animals.

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Performance Analysis of TiO2-Modified Co/MgAl2O4 Catalyst for Dry Reforming of Methane in a Fixed Bed Reactor for Syngas (H2, CO) Production

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14113347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3347

Author(s):

Arslan Mazhar ◽

Asif Hussain Khoja ◽

Abul Kalam Azad ◽

Faisal Mushtaq ◽

Salman Raza Naqvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Activity ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Dry Reforming ◽

Fixed Bed Reactor ◽

Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽

Catalyst Stability ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Catalyst Loading ◽

Impregnation Method

Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was investigated in a fixed bed reactor for the dry reforming of methane (DRM) process. Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 was prepared by modified co-precipitation, followed by the hydrothermal method. The active metal Co was loaded via the wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA, and FTIR. The performance of Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 for the DRM process was investigated in a reactor with a temperature of 750 °C, a feed ratio (CO2/CH4) of 1, a catalyst loading of 0.5 g, and a feed flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The effect of support interaction with metal and the composite were studied for catalytic activity, the composite showing significantly improved results. Moreover, among the tested Co loadings, 5 wt% Co over the TiO2–MgAl2O4 composite shows the best catalytic performance. The 5%Co/TiO2–MgAl2O4 improved the CH4 and CO2 conversion by up to 70% and 80%, respectively, while the selectivity of H2 and CO improved to 43% and 46.5%, respectively. The achieved H2/CO ratio of 0.9 was due to the excess amount of CO produced because of the higher conversion rate of CO2 and the surface carbon reaction with oxygen species. Furthermore, in a time on stream (TOS) test, the catalyst exhibited 75 h of stability with significant catalytic activity. Catalyst potential lies in catalyst stability and performance results, thus encouraging the further investigation and use of the catalyst for the long-run DRM process.

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Evaluation of a novel threonine source for nursery pig diets

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dalton Humphrey ◽

Spenser Becker ◽

Jason Lee ◽

Keith Haydon ◽

Laura Greiner

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Covariance Structure ◽

Treatment Phase ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Nursery Pigs

Abstract Four hundred and eighty (PIC 337 X 1050, PIC Genus, Hendersonville, TN) pigs were used to evaluate a novel threonine source (ThrPro, CJ America Bio, Fort Dodge, IA) for nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg body weight (BW). After weaning, pigs were sorted by sex and fed a common diet for 1 wk. Upon completion of the first week, pigs were sorted into randomized complete blocks, equalized by weight, within 16 replications. Pigs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: positive control (POS)—standard ileal digestible threonine-to-lysine ratio (SID; Thr:Lys) 0.60, negative control (NEG)—SID Thr:Lys ≤0.46, and alternative Thr source (TEST)—SID Thr:Lys 0.60. The alternative Thr source included fermentative biomass and was assumed to contain 75% Thr and a digestibility coefficient of 100% based on the manufacturer’s specifications. All other nutrients met or exceeded the NRC recommendations. Growth and intake data were analyzed as repeated measures with a compound symmetry covariance structure using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with pen as the experimental unit. Treatment, phase, the interaction between treatment and phase, and block were included as fixed effects in the model. Differences in total removals were tested using Fisher’s Exact Test of PROC FREQ. Results were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and considered a trend at P > 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10. During the first 14 d, pigs fed TEST had decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 0.77 vs. 0.80, P = 0.022) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.77 vs. 0.73, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. Over days 14–28, pigs fed TEST had similar G:F (0.71 vs. 0.70, P = 0.112) compared to POS and increased G:F (0.71 vs. 0.63, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. Overall (days 0–28), pigs fed TEST had similar average daily gain (ADG; 0.47 vs. 0.47 kg/d, P = 0.982) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.74, P = 0.395) compared to POS and increased ADG (0.47 vs. 0.43 kg/d, P < 0.001) and G:F (0.76 vs. 0.67, P < 0.001) compared to NEG. The average daily feed intake was not significantly different across treatments for the entirety of the study. In conclusion, the replacement of crystalline L-Thr with a novel Thr source resulted in similar growth performance in nursery pigs from approximately 7 to 20 kg.

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Effects of Supplements Differing in Fatty Acid Profile to Late Gestational Beef Cows on Steer Progeny Finishing Phase Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and mRNA Expression of Myogenic and Adipogenic Genes

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11071904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1904

Author(s):

Taoqi Shao ◽

Joshua C. McCann ◽

Daniel W. Shike

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Phase Growth ◽

Pufa Supplementation ◽

Relative Mrna Expression

The objective was to investigate the effects of feeding late gestational beef cows supplements differing in fatty acid profile on steer progeny finishing phase growth performance, carcass characteristics, and relative mRNA expression of myogenic and adipogenic genes. Seventy Angus-cross steers (initial body weight [BW] 273 ± 34 kg) born from dams supplemented with either 155 g DM/d EnerGII (CON, rich in palmitic and oleic acids) or 80 g DM/d Strata + 80 g DM/d Prequel (PUFA, rich in linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid) for the last 77 ± 6 d prepartum were used. Longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose biopsies were collected to evaluate relative mRNA expression of genes related to myogenesis and adipogenesis. Steers were slaughtered at 423 ± 6 d of age. No treatment × time interaction or treatment effect (p ≥ 0.21) was detected for steer finishing phase BW, while steers from PUFA supplemented dams tended (p = 0.06) to have a greater gain to feed ratio (G:F). Neither carcass characteristics nor relative mRNA expression was different (p ≥ 0.11). In conclusion, late gestation PUFA supplementation tended to increase steer progeny finishing phase G:F, but had no effects on finishing phase BW, carcass characteristics, or relative mRNA expression during the finishing phase.

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Steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production: influence of catalyst composition (Ni/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3–CeO2, Ni/Al2O3–ZnO) and process conditions

Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis ◽

10.1007/s11144-021-01945-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 907-919

Author(s):

O. Shtyka ◽

Z. Dimitrova ◽

R. Ciesielski ◽

A. Kedziora ◽

G. Mitukiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Steam Reforming ◽

Catalyst Stability ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Ethanol Conversion ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Catalyst Activation ◽

Catalyst Composition ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Steam Reforming Of Ethanol

AbstractEthanol steam reforming was studied over Ni supported catalysts. The effects of support (Al2O3, Al2O3–ZnO, and Al2O3–CeO2), metal loading, catalyst activation method, and steam-to-ethanol molar feed ratio were investigated. The properties of catalysts were studied by N2 physisorption, TPD-CO2, X-ray diffraction, and temperature programmed reduction. After activity tests, the catalysts were analyzed by TOC analysis. The catalytic activity measurements showed that the addition either of ZnO SSor CeO2 to alumina enhances both ethanol conversion and promotes selectivity towards hydrogen formation. The same effects were observed for catalysts with higher metal loadings. High process temperature and high water-to-ethanol ratio were found to be beneficial for hydrogen production. An extended catalyst stability tests showed no loss of activity over 50 h on reaction stream. The TOC analysis of spent catalysts revealed only insignificant amounts of carbon deposit.

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Which oilseed meal provides a higher yield and better nutrient profile of milk in grazing cows?

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-020-02518-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. S. V. Salles ◽

L. C. Roma Junior ◽

D. P. D. Lanna ◽

R. D. Signoretti

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Meal ◽

Nutrient Profile

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Optimizing the Step-Feed Ratio and Modeling the Effluents of Aerobic Tank with ASM1 in ECOSUNIDE Process

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.526 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 178-181 ◽

pp. 526-530

Author(s):

Ruo Gu Li ◽

Yan Qiu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Optimum Ratio ◽

Matlab Simulink ◽

Activated Sludge Model ◽

Model Based ◽

Autotrophic Bacteria ◽

Optimum Model

The step feed model based on the Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) and the optimum model of the ammonia nitrogen (SNH) removal in wastewater were established. Four aeration tanks under the different step feed ratios were simulated by Matlab Simulink. The results show that single-feeding is conducive to the removal of readily biodegradable substrate (SS) and the growth of heterotrophic organisms (XBH), and to lower the biodegradable substrate (XS) at the same time. The SS, XS, and SNH concentrations are 1.36, 5.98, and 3.02 mg/L respectively in effluent. However, the step-feeding is conducive to the SNH removal, and the autotrophic bacteria (XBA) growth. Under the step feed ratio (25/25/25/25%), the SS, XS, and SNH concentrations are 2.64, 10.79, and 2.61 mg/L respectively. Under the optimum ratio (28.7/23.6/20.4/27.2%), step-feeding could further facilitate the removal of SNH and hinder the removal of organic matter, their concentrations are 2.70, 10.98, and 2.47 mg/L respectively.

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Synthesis, characterisation and properties of aramid copolymers prepared from AB and AB2 monomers

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2003.3.1.708 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Orietta Monticelli ◽

Stefano Fiori ◽

Alberto Mariani ◽

Saverio Russo ◽

Hartmut Komber

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Aromatic Polyamide ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Structure Evolution ◽

Monomer Composition ◽

Degradation Temperature ◽

Monomer Feed ◽

Monomer Feed Ratio

Abstract Aromatic polyamide (aramid) copolymers having a highly branched architecture were prepared by direct polycondensation of an AB2 monomer (5-(4-aminobenzoylamino) isophthalic acid) with an AB monomer (N-(4-aminophenyl)terephthalamic acid). Two synthetic routes have been followed for copolymer preparation, differing from each other in the overall monomer content and the type of salts added to the reaction medium (LiCl or LiCl + CaCl2). Otherwise, both methods used the same conditions and the same condensing agent (triphenyl phosphite). The feed ratio of the monomers affected the copolymer solubility in aprotic polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethyl sulfoxide. Only high AB2/AB monomer ratios allowed obtaining completely soluble polymers in the above media. Also copolymer intrinsic viscosity was influenced by that ratio as well as by the polymerisation routes. IR measurements gave an indication of polymer structure evolution as a function of the monomer feed ratio, while 1H NMR experiments verified the actual monomer composition in the synthesized polymers. The monomer feed ratio turned out to influence polymer properties, such as degree of crystallinity, thermal degradation temperature and liquid crystalline behaviour. Some of the characterisation techniques we used (1H and 31P NMR, IR, SEM-EDS) revealed the presence of phosphorus derivatives in the copolymers, despite extensive sample purification. This presence is coming from derivatives of the condensing agent, and is directly related to the content of AB2-type structures present in the copolymers.

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Nutritive value of corn, barley, wheat and oats fed with medium quality hay to fattening steers

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas92-044 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 367-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Dion ◽

J. R. Seoane

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Finishing Diets ◽

Fiber Digestibility ◽

Grass Hay ◽

Medium Quality ◽

Daily Gain

Thirty-two large-frame crossbred steers (443 ± 5 kg) were used to determine the nutritive value of cracked corn, rolled barley, rolled oats and rolled wheat in finishing diets for beef cattle fed medium-quality grass hay. Diets contained about 54% grains, 40% grass hay and 6% of a supplement of minerals, vitamins and lasalocid. Total daily dry matter (DM) intake ranged from 9.52 to 10.24 kg, average daily gain from 1.09 to 1.17 kg and gain to feed ratio from 0.113 to 0.121, but these values were not statistically different (P > 0.05). Apparent digestibilities of DM and energy of steers receiving the oats diet were lower than those of steers receiving the wheat diet (P < 0.05), the other diets having intermediate values. Apparent digestion coefficient of protein was higher for the oats diet (P < 0.05) than for other diets. Acid detergent fiber digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) and starch digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) in steers receiving corn than in those receiving barley, oats or wheat. The results indicate that nutritive value of all diets was similar. Key words: Grains, fattening steers, digestibility

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