scholarly journals Cross-sectional Survey to Assess Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use since the Introduction of Tobacco Heating Products in Japan: Wave 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-220
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Jones ◽  
Jason Adamson ◽  
Claudia Kanitscheider ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Oscar M. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Japanese Residents ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: In this study, we obtained key population-level data on use patterns and behavior relating to tobacco and nicotine products in Japan. Methods: We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of the general population in Japan in 2019 to assess use patterns after the introduction of tobacco heating products (THPs). Eligible participants were Japanese residents, aged 20 years or older who consented to complete the survey. Individuals living in institutions were excluded. A 3-stage probability sampling method was applied that was geographically stratified by street blocks proportionate to population density. Respondents self-reported patterns of product use and reasons for THP use. Results: Complete responses were available from 5306 individuals, of whom 933.5 (17.6%) were current users, 984.2 (18.5%) were former users, and 3388.4 (63.9%) were never users of tobacco products (weighted respondent totals). Cigarettes were used by 14.6% of current tobacco product users and THPs by 5.3%. Cigarettes and THPs were used exclusively by 64.5% and 12.2%, respectively, and both were used by 12.7%. The most common reasons reported for THP use were perceived reduction in harm to self and others compared to cigarettes. Conclusions: Whereas the prevalence of cigarette use in Japan is decreasing, THPs seem to be increasingly used as long-term alternatives to cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals A National Cross-Sectional Survey to Assess Tobacco and Nicotine Product Usage Patterns and Behaviour Since the Introduction of Tobacco Heating Products in Japan: Wave 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Jones ◽  
Jason Adamson ◽  
Claudia Kanitscheider ◽  
Krishna Prasad ◽  
Oscar M. Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Japanese Residents ◽  
Risk Potential ◽  
Current Tobacco

Providing data on usage patterns is key to assessing the reduced-risk potential of novel tobacco and nicotine products at a population level. We performed a nationwide cross-sectional survey of the general population in Japan to assess usage patterns after the introduction of tobacco heating products (THPs). Eligible participants were Japanese residents, aged 20 years or older who consented to complete the survey. Individuals living in institutions were excluded. A three-stage probability sampling method was applied that was geographically stratified by street blocks proportionate to population density. Respondents self-reported patterns of product use and reasons for THP use. Complete responses were available from 5,306 individuals, of whom 933.5 (17.6%) were current users, 984.2 (18.5%) were former users and 3388.4 (63.9%) were never users of tobacco products. Cigarettes were used by 14.6% of current tobacco product users and THPs by 5.3%. Cigarettes and THPs were used exclusively by 64.5% and 12.2%, respectively, and both were used by 12.7%. The most common reasons reported for THP use were perceived reduction in harm to self and others compared to cigarettes. While the prevalence of cigarette use in Japan is decreasing, THPs seem to be increasingly used as long-term alternatives to cigarette smoking.

scholarly journals Characterization of Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites in Cigarette Smokers, Electronic Nicotine Device Users, Dual Users, and Nonusers of Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J Keith ◽  
Jessica L Fetterman ◽  
Olusola A Orimoloye ◽  
Zeina Dardari ◽  
Pawel K Lorkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract Introduction Limited research exists about the possible cardiovascular effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). We therefore sought to compare exposure to known or potentially cardiotoxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ENDS users, smokers, and dual users. Methods A total of 371 individuals from the Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study, a cross-sectional study of healthy participants aged 21–45 years, were categorized as nonusers of tobacco (n = 87), sole ENDS users (n = 17), cigarette smokers (n = 237), and dual users (n = 30) based on 30-day self-reported tobacco product use patterns. Participants provided urine samples for VOC and nicotine metabolite measurement. We assessed associations between tobacco product use and VOC metabolite measures using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Results Mean (SD) age of the population was 32 (±6.8) years, 55% men. Mean urinary cotinine level in nonusers of tobacco was 2.6 ng/mg creatinine, whereas cotinine levels were similar across all tobacco product use categories (851.6–910.9 ng/mg creatinine). In multivariable-adjusted models, sole ENDS users had higher levels of metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and xylene compared with nonusers of tobacco, but lower levels of most VOC metabolites compared with cigarette smokers or dual users. In direct comparison of cigarettes smokers and dual users, we found lower levels of metabolites of styrene and xylene in dual users. Conclusion Although sole ENDS use may be associated with lower VOC exposure compared to cigarette smoking, further study is required to determine the potential health effects of the higher levels of certain reactive aldehydes, including acrolein, in ENDS users compared with nonusers of tobacco. Implications ENDS use in conjunction with other tobacco products may not significantly reduce exposure to VOC, but sole use does generally reduce some VOC exposure and warrants more in-depth studies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Ever Regular Use of Non-combustible Nicotine for One-year or More: A Population Survey in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Cox ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Loren Kock ◽  
Lion Shahab
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Hazardous Alcohol ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
One Year

Abstract Introduction: Up-to-date monitoring of non-combustible nicotine products (NNP) is important to assess their impact. To date, there is little evidence on the association between long-term regular use (defined here as one-year or more) of NNP and current smoking status. Aims/methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, and sociodemographic, alcohol and smoking status correlates, of ever regular use of NNP in England in 2020.A cross sectional survey of adults in England between February and June 2020. Results: 8,486 adults were surveyed, 94.9% (8,055) were complete cases. The weighted prevalence of ever regular NNP use was 5.4% (n=436; 95%CI 5.0-6.0), of which 82% (n=360; 95%CI 78.7-85.8) was single, and 18% (n=79; 95%CI 14.8-22) multiple product use. Amongst ever regular NNP users, the prevalence of ever regular nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), e-cigarette and heated tobacco product use was 64.7% (95% CI 60.1-69), 43.4% (95%CI 38.8-48) and 2.5% (95% CI 1.4-4.5), respectively. In regression analysis, ever regular NNP use was independently associated with smoking status, being significantly higher among current (22.3%; Adjusted OR (aOR) 34.9, 95%CI 24.0-50.8) and ex-smokers (12.7%, aOR 19.8, 95%CI 11.1-14.4) than among never smokers (0.6%). More advantaged occupational grade (aOR, 1.27 95% CI 1.02-1.57) and at least hazardous alcohol use (aOR, 1.38 95%CI 1.06-1.78) were independently associated with greater prevalence of ever regular NNP use.Conclusions: Ever regularly using NNP was highest among smokers and ex-smokers and rare among never smokers. Among people who have ever regularly used NNP, NRT is the most popular.

scholarly journals Exclusive, Dual, and Polytobacco Use Among US Adults by Sociodemographic Factors: Results From 3 Nationally Representative Surveys

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712096406
Author(s):  
Jana L. Hirschtick ◽  
Delvon T. Mattingly ◽  
Beomyoung Cho ◽  
Luis Zavala Arciniega ◽  
David T. Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: To provide tobacco product use patterns for US adults by sociodemographic group. Design: A secondary analysis of Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (2014-15), National Health Interview Survey (2015), and Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2015-16). Setting: United States. Sample: Three nationally representative samples of adults (N = 28,070-155,067). Measures: All possible combinations of cigarette, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), other combustible product, and smokeless tobacco use, defined as current use every day or some days. Analysis: Weighted population prevalence and proportion among tobacco users of exclusive, dual, and polyuse patterns by sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, and age. Results: Exclusive cigarette use was the most prevalent pattern (10.9-12.8% of US population). Dual and polyuse were less prevalent at the population level (2.6-5.2% and 0.3-1.3%, respectively) but represented 16.7-25.5% of product use among tobacco users. Cigarette plus ENDS use was similar by sex, but men were more likely to be dual users of cigarettes plus other combustibles or smokeless tobacco. Among race/ethnic subgroups, non-Hispanic (NH) Whites were most likely to use cigarettes plus ENDS, while NH Blacks were most likely to use cigarettes plus other combustibles. Dual and polyuse were generally less common among adults with higher education, income, and age. Conclusion: Differences in product use patterns by sociodemographic group likely represent different risk profiles with important implications for resulting health disparities.

scholarly journals Changes in substance use among young adults during a respiratory disease pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212096532
Author(s):  
Pravesh Sharma ◽  
Jon O Ebbert ◽  
Jordan K Rosedahl ◽  
Lindsey M Philpot
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use

Background: News articles, commentaries, and opinion articles have suggested that ongoing social distancing measures coupled with economic challenges during COVID-19 may worsen stress, affective state, and substance use across the globe. We sought to advance our understanding of the differences between individuals who change their substance use patterns during a public health crisis and those who do not. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of young adults (18–25 years of age) assessing respondent characteristics and vaping, tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana use. We calculated prevalence estimates, prevalence changes, and prevalence ratios with associated 95% confidence intervals and looked for differences with the chi-square test. Results: Of the total sample, 53.2% ( n = 542/1018) young adults reported vaping or using tobacco, alcohol, and/or marijuana. Among the 542 respondents reporting use, 34.3% reported a change in their use patterns. Among respondents reporting changes in substance use patterns during the pandemic ( n = 186), 68.8% reported an increase in alcohol use, 44.0% reported a decrease in vaping product use, and 47.3% reported a decrease in tobacco product use due to COVID-19. Substance use changed significantly for respondents with increasing degree of loneliness (continuous loneliness score: prevalence ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.25), anxiety (prevalence ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–1.85), and depression (prevalence ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.13–1.82). Conclusion: Self-reported substance use among young adults was observed to change during a pandemic, and the degree of loneliness appears to impact these changes. Innovative strategies are needed to address loneliness, anxiety, depression, and substance use during global health crises that impact social contact.

scholarly journals Smoking and Vaping Among a National Sample of U.S. Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kalkhoran ◽  
Douglas E Levy ◽  
Nancy A Rigotti
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use

Introduction: With concerns about cigarette smoking as a risk factor for severe disease from COVID-19, understanding nicotine and tobacco use patterns is important for preventive efforts. We aimed to understand changes in product use behaviors among U.S. adult combustible cigarette smokers and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users. Methods: In August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally-representative sample of adults age >18 in the NORC AmeriSpeak Panel who reported past 6-month use of combustible cigarettes or e-cigarettes. Multivariable logistic regression assessed factors associated with increased product use and quit attempts since hearing about COVID-19. Results: 1024 past 6-month cigarette smokers and/or e-cigarette users were surveyed. Among cigarette smokers, 45% reported no change in cigarette smoking and 33% increased cigarette smoking since hearing about COVID-19. Higher stress was associated with increased cigarette smoking. Among e-cigarette users, 41% reported no change in and 23% reported increasing e-cigarette use. 26% of cigarette smokers and 41% of e-cigarette users tried to quit because of COVID-19. Higher perceived risk of COVID-19 was associated with attempts to quit combustible cigarettes (AOR 2.37, 95% CI 1.59-3.55) and e-cigarettes (AOR 3.14, 1.73-5.70). Conclusions: Cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns varied in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users perceived product use as increasing COVID-19-related health risks, and this was associated with attempts to quit. Others, especially those reporting higher stress, increased product use. Proactive provision of cessation support to smokers and e-cigarette users may help mitigate stress-related increases in product use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Access of Key Population to Available HIV and TB Services in Nepal: A Cross Section Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
B.B. Subba ◽  
N. Rimal ◽  
B.M. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Population ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: TB is considered one of the opportunistic infection among PLHIV. The increasing burden of HIV/TB co-infection among key population cause problem to maintain adherence to ART and DOTS services. The emergence of MDR-TB is one of the greatest challenge to control and management of both diseases. However, having knowledge and information of both diseases are important role to access the available HIV/TB services. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among key population who had HIV/TB co-infection in two-epidemic zone of Nepal. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. ANOVA test was done to analyze the collected data by using SPSS version 20.0. Results: A total of 343 HIV/TB co-infected individuals were enrolled to the study. Most of participants were from ART and DOTS clients. Therefore, the study found that there was significance difference found between knowledge about TB (F=4.400, p= 0.005), causative agent of TB (F=3.160, p=0.025), risk of TB illness among PLHIV (F=8.491, p=0.001) and among key affected population. Moreover, there was significance difference found between access to OI treatment (F=5.113, p=0.002) and access to viral load (F=4.642, p=0.003) among key study population. In gender perspective, there was no significance difference to use and access to available HIV/TB services. Conclusion: The general knowledge on HIV/TB co-infection was significant association with key population. The knowledge on HIV/TB and access to NGOs’ help can significant effect to access the available HIV and TB services.

scholarly journals Comparison of sun safety knowledge and behavior of Hispanic and non-Hispanic mothers in Miami: A cross-sectional survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather B. Barkin ◽  
Samantha B. Saltz ◽  
Joshua D. Fox ◽  
Katherine L. Baquerizo Nole ◽  
Gazelle Rouhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sun Safety ◽  
Hispanic Mothers ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Safety Knowledge

scholarly journals A Comparison of Tobacco Product Prevalence by Different Frequency of Use Thresholds Across Three US Surveys 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz María Sánchez-Romero ◽  
Christopher J. Cadham ◽  
Jana L. Hirschtick ◽  
Delvon T. Mattingly ◽  
Beomyoung Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Product Group ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
Frequency Threshold

Abstract Background: With the increasing changes in tobacco use patterns, “current use” definition and the survey used may have important implications for monitoring population use trends. Methods: Using three US surveys (2014/15 TUS-CPS, NHIS and PATH), we compared the adult (age 18+) prevalence of four product groups (cigarettes, other combustibles, smokeless tobacco, and e-cigarettes) based on three past 30-day frequency of use thresholds: 1+, 10+, and 25+ days. We also examined mutually exclusive single, dual, and polytobacco users as a percentage of total users for each product group. Results: Regardless of threshold or product, the prevalence was higher in PATH followed by NHIS and TUS-CPS, in some cases by large percentages. The differences in cigarette and smokeless tobacco use prevalence in going from the 1+ to 10+ days and to the 25+ days threshold were minimal. Applying different frequency thresholds had the largest impact on other combustibles prevalence, with a 60% reduction with the 10+ days threshold and a 80% reduction with the 25+ days threshold, compared to the 1+ days threshold, followed by e-cigarettes with 40% and 60% reductions, respectively. The proportion of dual and polytobacco users decreased considerably when using the 10+ vs. the 1+ days threshold and polytobacco use was almost non-existent with the 25+ days threshold. Conclusion: The estimated prevalence of each tobacco product use depends largely on the survey and frequency of use threshold adopted. The choice of survey and frequency threshold merits serious consideration when monitoring patterns of tobacco use.

scholarly journals People's Knowledge and Practice of Salt Iodization, as Well as the Assessment of Iodine Content in Salt in the Cumilla Region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
Sadia Jahan ◽  
Md. Saddam Hossain ◽  
Md. Anisur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Susmita Roy Lisa ◽  
Somaia Haque Chadni
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Behavior

Aim: To evaluate the household iodine content and knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding salt iodization among the residents of Cumilla, Bangladesh. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 700 inhabitants in Cumilla's urban and rural areas to determine the iodine concentration of salt they consume. The participants were asked about what they know about iodine deficiency and salt iodization as well as how their salt was packaged and stored. Among them, 338 people provided a sample of salt to be tested of its iodine content by the titrimetric method. Results: 46.57% of people knew that iodization was the best way to prevent iodine deficiency while 35.14% considered salt iodization during purchasing. Most people stored salt in plastic boxes (89.7%) and closed containers (84.14%).Among all participants, only 37.14% of people were aware of the iodine requirement during pregnancy. In urban regions, the median iodine content was 36.76 ppm (OR=0.658, 95% CI, 0.469-0.925), while in rural areas, the median iodine content was 40.92 ppm (OR=1.188, 95% CI, 1.022-1.380). Iodine levels were less than 15 ppm (minimum limit) in 6.8% of samples and greater than 40 ppm (maximum limit) in 56.5%. Only 36.7% of the salt samples contained adequate iodine. Conclusion: An effective and consistent approach for controlling iodine concentration in distributed salt is required at Cumilla, Bangladesh.

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