Overview of Research on Skeletal System And The Related Functional Structures Based on Evolutionary Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-796
Author(s):  
Yuying Zhang ◽  
Joff Zhang ◽  
Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Medicine ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
Medicine Review

The combination of evolutionary medicine and biomedicine is a breakthrough development direction in the field of medical research in recent years, and the connection between the occurrence and development of diseases of the skeletal system and its related functional structures and biological evolution has been a topic of discussion and research. In this paper, we systematically summarize the relevant domestic and foreign literature in this field over the past few years, from the theory of Darwinian medicine, clarify the research ideas of domestic and foreign scholars on the combination of diseases of the skeletal system and evolutionary medicine, review the mechanisms of related diseases that have been revealed, clarify the unique ideas of the current research methods and theories of scholars in this field that are different from traditional science, and then propose relevant reference theories for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the skeletal system. We will present the relevant referential theories for the clinical management of skeletal system diseases to provide reference for further research.

Behind the stage of a literary text. ‘Custom is despot among men’

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
E. N. Tsimbaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
World War ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fiction Writers

The article analyzes physical and physiological problems caused by fashionable clothing in the mid-18th to early 20th cc. that shaped people’s appearances and lifestyles in the past. Affecting the skeletal system and the functioning of internal organs and brain in particular and causing various illnesses, these problems went largely unrecognized by contemporaries, including writers, but would inevitably surface in literary works as part and parcel of everyday life. Without understanding their role, one may struggle to comprehend not only plot twists and characters’ motivations but also the mentality of the bygone era as portrayed in fiction. Chronologically, the research covers the period from the mid-18th c. to World War I. The author only focuses on so-called respectable society (a very tentative term that covers members of the aristocracy and other classes with comparable lifestyles), since it was this group which drew the most attention from fiction writers of the period. The scholar chose to concentrate on the kind of daily realia of ‘noble society’ that permeate works by Russian, English, French and, to some extent, German authors, considered most prominent in Europe at the time.

An Atlas of Congenital Heart Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1077
Author(s):  
NORMAN J. SISSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Despite the vast experience accumulated during the past decade with all aspects of the lives and deaths of patients with congenital heart disease, there is still room for the clarification and direction that careful, informed, imaginative analysis of the results of pathological examination of postmortem material can give to the clinical management of these patients. Dr. Sherman has made a notable contribution in this area with the present volume. The atlas was compiled from 503 specimens collected in the Museum of Congenital Heart Disease at the Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh since 1954.

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Psychiatry Patients of Rural Homoeopathic Hospital, Palghar, Maharashtra, India, from 2014 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Sunita Nikumbh ◽  
Abhishek Kukde ◽  
Manoj Patel ◽  
Bhavik Parekh ◽  
Anoop Nigwekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conversion Disorders ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Inpatient Psychiatric Unit ◽  
Demographic Features

Abstract Background Rural Homoeopathic Hospital has been serving the community in and around Palghar for the past 20 years. Through a Central Government Scheme of Centre of Excellence, it received funds for setting up an inpatient psychiatric unit in 2012 whereby it could serve the wider community by admitting the patients with mental illness in a secure ward. This is the first part of two papers which deals with demographic analysis of the patients admitted in the psychiatry ward between 2014 and 2018. Objectives The case records were studied with a view to determine the demographic features, the clinical diagnosis and the duration of stay. Methodology All case records were studied as per a predetermined format to establish the demographic features, the clinical diagnosis and the duration of stay in the ward. Results Out of 1,015 patients seen, 35% were having alcohol withdrawal, 12.7% were having conversion, 9.8% were having suicidal attempt and 9.7% were suffering from anxiety. The duration of stay in the hospital was noticeably shorter than what has been reported from the allopathic admissions. Conclusion Alcoholism followed by conversion disorders, suicidal attempts and anxiety-panic conditions was the most common psychiatric condition with which patients were admitted. Males were predominating mainly due to their alcoholic condition. The duration of stay was reasonably short. The reasons for this would need further exploration.

Ear, nose, and throat

2019 ◽  
pp. 819-840
Author(s):  
Laurent Bonnardot ◽  
Olivier Malard ◽  
Elisabeth Sauvaget ◽  
Sarah Giles
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Humanitarian Settings ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Nose And Throat

This chapter covers the essential background and clinical management of ear, nose, and throat conditions as seen in humanitarian settings. It provides essential guidance on disorders of the ear, nose, and throat, including congenital, infectious, neoplastic, or acquired conditions, with special attention to paediatric problems, and guides the reader through clinical diagnosis and management in low-resource humanitarian settings.

scholarly journals A hybrid AI approach for supporting clinical diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Tachmazidis ◽  
Tianhua Chen ◽  
Marios Adamou ◽  
Grigoris Antoniou
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes symptoms such as inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is considered as an important public health issue and prevalence of, as well as demand for diagnosis, has increased as awareness of the disease grew over the past years. Supply of specialist medical experts has not kept pace with the increasing demand for assessment, both due to financial pressures on health systems and the difficulty to train new experts, resulting in growing waiting lists. Patients are not being treated quickly enough causing problems in other areas of health systems (e.g. increased GP visits, increased risk of self-harm and accidents) and more broadly (e.g. time off work, relationship problems). Advances in AI make it possible to support the clinical diagnosis of ADHD based on the analysis of relevant data. This paper reports on findings related to the mental health services of a specialist Trust within the UK’s National Health Service (NHS). The analysis studied data of adult patients who underwent diagnosis over the past few years, and developed a hybrid approach, consisting of two different models: a machine learning model obtained by training on data of past cases; and a knowledge model capturing the expertise of medical experts through knowledge engineering. The resulting algorithm has an accuracy of 95% on data currently available, and is currently being tested in a clinical environment.

scholarly journals The ambiguous victim: Miklós Nyiszli's narrative of medical experimentation in Auschwitz-Birkenau

HISTOREIN ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Turda
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Nazi Concentration Camp ◽  
Primo Levi ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Experimentation ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Eyewitness Account ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

While recent scholarship has – for the past two decades – endeavoured to transcend initial reservations about memoirs of Holocaust survivors, the difficulty with some of these memoirs – namely their authors’ implicit complicity in unethical medical research and in the Nazi Holocaust in general – remains however problematic. To address this thorny issue, this article considers the memoirs of a Jewish inmate doctor, Miklós Nyiszli, who worked with and for SS medical officers in Auschwitz, and his Auschwitz: A Doctor’s Eyewitness Account. His memoirs can help us understand wider truths about the “bond of complicity” that, according to Primo Levi, existed between perpetrators and victims in the Nazi concentration camp.<br />

Current Concepts in Extra-articular Impingement of the Hip: Clinical Diagnosis, Imaging, and Treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 547-560
Author(s):  
Sarah Koles ◽  
Peter Salat ◽  
Andrea Veljkovic ◽  
Óliver Marín-Peña ◽  
Ara Kassarjian
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Impingement Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hip Impingement ◽  
Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome ◽  
Anterior Posterior

AbstractHip impingement syndromes, particularly femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, have attracted tremendous attention in the past decade. We address some of the less common hip impingement syndromes, mainly the extra-articular hip impingement syndromes. The clinical presentation, imaging, and treatment of anterior, posterior, and lateral hip impingement syndromes are discussed.

scholarly journals BP Neural Network Could Help Improve Pre-miRNA Identification in Various Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Jiang ◽  
Jingjun Zhang ◽  
Ping Xuan ◽  
Quan Zou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mirna Identification

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a set of short (21–24 nt) noncoding RNAs that play significant regulatory roles in cells. In the past few years, research on miRNA-related problems has become a hot field of bioinformatics because of miRNAs’ essential biological function. miRNA-related bioinformatics analysis is beneficial in several aspects, including the functions of miRNAs and other genes, the regulatory network between miRNAs and their target mRNAs, and even biological evolution. Distinguishing miRNA precursors from other hairpin-like sequences is important and is an essential procedure in detecting novel microRNAs. In this study, we employed backpropagation (BP) neural network together with 98-dimensional novel features for microRNA precursor identification. Results show that the precision and recall of our method are 95.53% and 96.67%, respectively. Results further demonstrate that the total prediction accuracy of our method is nearly 13.17% greater than the state-of-the-art microRNA precursor prediction software tools.

Proposed Improvements of the ASME B&PV Code and Future Directions of CIWG

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinquan Yan ◽  
Yinbiao He ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Hao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Development Direction ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

The ASME B&PV Code, Section III, is being used as the design acceptance criteria in the construction of China’s third generation AP1000 nuclear power plants. This is the first time that the ASME Code was fully accepted in Chinese nuclear power industry. In the past 6 years, a few improvements of the Code were found to be necessary to satisfy the various requirements originated from these new power plant (NPP) constructions. These improvements are originated from a) the stress-strain curves needed in elastic-plastic analysis, b) the environmental fatigue issue, c) the perplexity generated from the examination requirements after hydrostatic test and d) the safe end welding problems. In this paper, the necessities of these proposed improvements on the ASME B&PV code are further explained and discussed case by case. Hopefully, through these efforts, the near future development direction and assignment of the ASME B&PV-III China International Working Group can be set up.

Calcium Orthophosphate Bioceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 57-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Dorozhkin
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Calcium Orthophosphate ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Calcium Orthophosphates ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
Compositional Control ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculo-skeletal system, termed bioceramics, can be bioinert, bioresorbable and bioactive, as well as porous for tissue ingrowth. This review is devoted to calcium orthophosphates, which belong to the categories of bioresorbable and bioactive bioceramics. There have been a number of major advances made in this field during the past 30 – 40 years. From initial work on development of bioceramics that were tolerated in the physiological environment, emphasis has now shifted towards the use of bioceramics that interact with bone tissue by forming a direct bond. By structural and compositional control, it is now possible to choose whether the bioceramics of calcium orthophosphates are biologically stable once incorporated within the skeletal structure or whether they are resorbed over time. Current biomedical applications of calcium orthophosphate bioceramics include replacements for hips, knees, teeth, tendons and ligaments, as well as repair for periodontal disease, maxillofacial reconstruction, augmentation and stabilization of the jawbone, spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery.

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