scholarly journals FAMILIA Y SOCIEDAD EN UN CONCEJO MARÍTIMO DEL NOROESTE PENINSULAR: EL MUNICIPIO ASTURIANO DE CARREÑO EN 1753

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia SUÁREZ ÁLVAREZ
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>RESUMEN: Durante el Antiguo Régimen, la geografía y climatología del Principado de Asturias hizo del mar su principal vía de comunicación. Junto con los grandes puertos de Gijón o Avilés coexistían otras poblaciones marítimas «menores» que compaginaban el aprovechamiento de los recursos que el mar les ofrecía con la agricultura. Este es el caso de la villa de Candás, capital del concejo de Carreño, que durante el siglo XVI destacó por ser un importante puerto de pesca ballenera, muy conocido en la Europa norteña. La industria de transformación de los productos piscícolas, que derivó en el siglo XIX en la creación de las fábricas conserveras, permitió al concejo cierta supervivencia autónoma respecto a las grandes entidades evitando la retracción demográfica y económica. Para aproximarnos a su historia, mostraremos «una fotografía» de un año concreto del siglo XVIII, 1752-53, y analizaremos la tipología familiar y profesional del concejo y su relación con los mecanismos económicos del territorio.</p><p>ABSTRACT: The region of Asturias, situated in the north east of the Iberian Peninsula, is administratively divided into 78 counties or municipalities, with the most highly populated of these being found on the coast. During the ancien régime, the geography and climatology of Asturias meant the sea was the main connection for the region. Foods such as cereals arrived at the ports in Gijón and Avilés which allowed for the demographic development of both these cities and other «smaller» seasisde towns ahead of the rest of the region. In central Asturias, many counties combined the resources that the sea had to offer with agriculture, turning their towns into satellites for the big ports. This is the case for Candás, the capital of the county Carreño, which was recognised as an important whaling port during the 16th century and was very wellknown in northern Europe. The industry of processing fishing products, which lead to the creation of canning factories in the 19th century, allowed the county a certain autonomous survival in comparison to larger councils, avoiding both demographic and economic decline. In the mid-18th century, the Ensenada cadastre gave a population of 985 which included surgeons, notaries, various landlords, an elementary school teacher, women who kneaded bread, farmworkers and many other professions related to the fishing industry and this study is vital in understanding the sociology of the municipality. In this paper, the aim is to provide a photograph of a specific year in the 18th century, 1752-53. We analysed the county´s family structures and labour patterns in this year and how it related to the economic mechanism in the region, drawing a comparison between the main rural zones and the urban centre.</p>

scholarly journals THE ORIGIN OF QUBA KHANS: NEW VERSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Bedirhan E. Eskenderov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Dynasty ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the origin of the rulers of the Quba Khanate, which was located in the North-East of the modern Azerbaijan Republic. A.-K. Bakikhanov in his work "Golestan-e Eram" states that the Quba khans were direct descendants of the yangikent line of the kaitag utsmi, to which the Quba khanate was handed over to the hereditary possession of the Shah of Persia. Basing on the book by Bakikhanov, a well-known scholar-caucasiologist A.P. Berzhe deduced the ancestry of the Quba khans with indication of dates of birth and death of members of their family.The application of the comparative method of studying the sources about the Quba khans and all the peripeteias of their appearance and rule reveals significant differences both in the history of their rule and in the dates of life and death of several members of the khan family with the data given by A. K. Bakikhanov and A.P. Berzhe.As a result of the critical analysis of the sources, it was possible to find out both the controversial nature of the circumstances of the appearance in the Quba territory described in Golestan-e Eram and the failure of Bakikhanov's theory on the continuous rule of a single dynasty in Quba until the elimination of the khanate by the Russian power in the 19th century. The study revealed that the Quba khanate was ruled not by one but by two dynasties. The first dynasty was of an unknown origin, possibly presented by the people from Kaitag utsmi's line. However, it was discontinued at the very beginning of the 18th century. The new dynasty was replaced by another one, the ancestor of which, according to legends, was a certain “Lezgi Ahmed”. The second dynasty ruled until the beginning of the 19th century, after which the khans' rule in Quba was over. Unfortunately, some of the issues of interest remain unanswered, as we could not find any information that sheds light on them.

scholarly journals ‘There is nothing there’: Deindustrialization and loss in a coastal town

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110113
Author(s):  
Luke Telford
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seaside Resort ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Stable Employment ◽  
The Town

Based on 52 qualitative interviews with working-class individuals, this paper explores the social and economic decline of a coastal locale referred to as High Town in Teesside in the North East of England. First, the paper outlines how the locality expanded as a popular seaside resort under capitalism’s post-war period. It then assesses how the seaside existed together with industrial work, offering stable employment opportunities, economic security and a sense of community. Next, the article documents the shift to neoliberalism in the 1980s, specifically the decline of High Town’s seaside resort, the deindustrialization process and therefore the 2015 closure of High Town’s steelworks. It explicates how this exacerbated the locale’s economic decline through the loss of industrial work’s ‘job for life’, its diminishing popularity as a coastal area and the further deterioration of the town centre. The paper concludes by suggesting that High Town has lost its raison d’être under neoliberalism and faces difficulties in revival.

scholarly journals Reindeer pastoralism in Sweden 1550-1950

Rangifer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Lundmark
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the middle of the 16th century we get the first opportunity to a more detailed knowledge of reindeerpastoralism in Sweden. At that time the Sami lived in a hunter-gatherer economy. A family had in average about 10-20 domesticated reindeer, mainly used for transport. They could also be milked and used as decoys when hunting wild reindeer. During late 16th century the Swedish state and merchants bought large amounts of fur from the Sami. The common payment was butter and flour. This created a new prosperity, which lead to a considerable increase in population in Swedish Lapland. The population became too large for a hunter-gatherer economy. A crisis in early 17th century was the starting point for the transition to a large-scale nomadic reindeer pastoralism. Up to the middle of the 18th century intensive reindeer pastoralism was successful. But the pastoralism became gradually too intensive and diseases started to spread when the herds were kept too densely crowded for milking in summertime. During the first decades of the 19th century reindeer pastoralism in Sweden went through a major crisis. The number of reindeer herding mountain-Sami decreased considerably, mainly because they went to live permanently along the Norwegian coastline. Intensive reindeer pastoralism started to give way for extensive herding towards the end of the 19th century. In the north of Sweden influences from the Kautokeino Sami were an important factor, in the south extensive reindeer herding started to expand when the market for meat came closer to the Sami. During the 1920s the milking of reindeer ceased in Sweden, except in a few families. At that time Sami families from the north had been removed southwards. They further demonstrated the superiority of extensive herding to the Sami in mid- and southern Lapland. Reindeer pastoralism is basically a system of interaction between man and animal, but it has been heavily influenced by market forces and state intervention during hundreds of years. To a large extent these long-term external influences have made reindeer pastoralism what it is today. That aspect should not be overlooked when assessing the future prospects of reindeer pastoralism in Scandinavia.Renskötseln i Sverige 1550-1950Abstract in Swedish / Sammanfattning: Först vid mitten av 1500-talet finns det källmaterial som ger oss en tämligen detaljerad bild av renskötseln i Sverige. Vid den tiden levde samerna i en jakt- , fiske- och samlarekonomi. En familj hade normalt 10-20 renar som främst utnyttjades vid transporter. Tamrenarna kunde också mjölkas och fungera som lockdjur vid vildrensjakt. Under senare delen av 1500-talet köpte svenska staten och handelsmän stora mängder pälsverk av samerna. Den vanligaste betalningen var smör och mjöl. Detta skapade ett välstånd som ledde till en betydande folkökning i svenska lappmarken. Befolkningen blev för stor för att rymmas inom ramarna för en jaktochfiskeekonomi. En kris i början av 1600-talet blev startpunkten för övergången till en storskalig rennomadism.Fram till mitten av 1700-talet var den intensiva renskötseln framgångsrik. Men renskötseln blev efterhand alltför intensiv. Under senare delen av 1700-talet började det spridas sjukdomar i de tätt sammanhållna hjordarna. De första decennierna av 1800-talet innebar en allvarlig kris i renskötseln. Antalet renskötande fjällsamer minskade kraftigt, främst genom utvandring till norska kusten. Den intensiva renskötseln med mjölkning av renarna började ersättas av en extensiv renskötsel inriktad på köttproduktion de sista decennierna av 1800-talet. I norr var naturförhållandena och influenser från Kautokeino-samerna en viktig faktor, i söder utvecklades renskötseln i extensiv riktning främst därför att marknaden för renkött kom närmare renskötarna. Under 1920-talet upphörde mjölkningen av renar i Sverige, utom i några enstaka familjer. Då hade förflyttningarna av samer från nordligaste Sverige söderut påskyndat utvecklingen och ytterligare markerat den extensiva renskötselteknikensöverlägsenhet. Tamrenskötsel är ett samspel mellan människa och djur, men det är inte bara en fråga om renskötaren och hans hjord. Externa marknadsfaktorer, beskattning och lagstiftning har haft ett betydandeinflytande på renskötselns utveckling under hundratals år. De har till stor del format renskötseln till vad den är idag. Detta bör beaktas när man gör bedömningar av renskötselns framtid. 

scholarly journals La Antigüedad, ¿virtuosa o esclavista? Un debate de la Ilustración

2017 ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Bernat Montoya Rubio
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ancient Slavery

Resumen: La concepción que actualmente tenemos de la Antigüedad greco-romana, como un período con unas características socio-económicas particulares claramente diferenciadas de la Europa moderna, no se deriva únicamente de los datos aportados por las fuentes y de las investigaciones históricas del siglo XIX. Esta interpretación de la Antigüedad se configura durante la segunda mitad del s. XVIII en estrecha relación con los debates sobre la situación política y económica que caracterizan este período. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la dinámica de estos debates afecta a los cambios en la forma de entender la Antigüedad clásica.Palabras clave: Concepción de la Antigüedad, esclavitud antigua, paradigma del humanismo cívico, Pocock, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Rousseau, MablyAbstract: The current understanding of classical Antiquity, i.e., a period with a number of socio-economical characteristics clearly differentiated from those of Modern Europe, is not solely derived from data provided by Classical texts and the historical research of the 19th century. This interpretation of Antiquity, which appeared during the latter half of the 18th century, bears a close connection to discussions on the political and economic state that characterise the period. The aim of this article is to show the impact of the dynamics of these debates on the changes in the way Classical Antiquity is understood.Key words: Perception of Antiquity, ancient slavery, civic humanist paradigm, Pocock, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Rousseau, Mably  

scholarly journals SOCIAL CUSTOMS AND BELIEVES OF THE TEA COMMUNITY OF ASSAM: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1213
Author(s):  
Gyanshree Dutta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
North East India ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The 19Th Century

India is a co-habitation of different casts, socio-cultural, religious groups of people. It is also observed in Assam, the state in the North-East India. It should be noted that the state of Assam has a reputation worldwide in the field of tea production. Since the beginning of tea production in Assam in the 19th century, the Tea Community social group of Assam has been formed with a large number of people working hard in the tea gardens. In this way tea farmers living in Assam since 19th century have become an independent community with their own social and cultural characteristics. The Tea Community of Assam has a lot of individual Characteristics in the socio-cultural aspects. This study attempts to discuss their social folk customs and believes.

Khorezm and the Khanate of Khiva

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wood
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Bolshevik Revolution ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Khanate of Khiva, one of the Uzbek khanates of Central Asia, refers to a political entity in the region of Khorezm from the early 16th century until 1920. The term itself, which was not used by locals who instead used the name vilayet Khwārazm (“country of Khwārazm”), dates from 18th-century Russian usage. Khorezm is an ancient center of sedentary civilization with a distinct culture and history that came under Uzbek rule as the latter migrated southward from their pasturelands on the steppe beginning in the early 16th century. In contrast to the related dynasties in Transoxiana, the Khanate of Khiva retained a greater degree of pastoralism, though the state was still fundamentally built on sedentary agriculture. Though no doubt affected by historical variations in the volume and routes of the overland caravan trade, Khiva remained a key center for transregional trade throughout its history, especially with the growing Russia Empire to the north. Political structures in Khiva remained weak and decentralized until the 19th century, when the Qongrat dynasty succeeded in transforming the khanate into the most centralized state in the region. Among the legacies of the khanate is its promotion of a distinctive Turkic literary culture, which interacted fruitfully with the dominant Persian culture of neighboring regions. As with other states in Central Asia, by the second half of the 19th century Khiva became a target of the expanding Russian Empire, which conquered Khorezm in 1873. While the tsarist state initially preserved a portion of the khanate under Qongrat rule as a protectorate, after the Bolshevik Revolution this state was soon dissolved and absorbed into the Soviet Union.

O português popular europeu dos séculos XVI–XIX e a sua importância para o estudo do Galego Médio

Revue Romane ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-272
Author(s):  
Xosé Manuel Sánchez Rei
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Information ◽  
The North ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article is centred around the linguistic information supplied by 16th and 18th century Portuguese grammar books, when, using as a basis the Lisbon variety, these works condemn the use of dialect or popular expressions habitually used. Like Galician, the language spoken in the territories lying to the North of the River Miño did not possess grammatical works until the 19th century, and so the information contained in these Portuguese grammars allows us to approach, with a reasonable degree of reliability, certain features of Middle Galician, a period in which the language, in Galicia, was only used at an oral level and was practically non-existent in any educated or written usage.

scholarly journals Armenian Church of the Holy Mother of God in Chisinau

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Sergius Ciocanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

The documents attest the presence of an Armenian community in Chisinau since the ‘30s of the 18th century. In the 18th century, the Chisinau Armenians had a place of worship, located on the site of the present Armenian Church, in the “heart” of the city, on the first street parallel to the north-east side of the market square. In 1774, among the Chisinau Armenians, the priest Musuz was mentioned, who served in the Armenian Church. The temple was badly damaged by the fire that engulfed Chisinau during the military operations of 1788. The earthquake destroyed this place of worship on October 14, 1802. In 1803-1804, it was rebuilt in the same place. The construction manager and, possibly, the architect of the holy place, was master Vardan from Iaşi. According to the statistical documents of 1809, three priests and four deacons served in the Armenian church. The cemetery of Armenian community was located near the old Orthodox cemetery of the Mazarache church. However, some more important burials were also done in the churchyard of the Armenian church. During the XIX-XX centuries, the church underwent many alterations and renovations, which changed its appearance. In 1993, by the decision of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, this valuable building of Chisinau was given the status of historic monument.

scholarly journals “Chinese Style” in architecture and planning of London (1811–1820)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марина Александровна Неглинская
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Decorative Art ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
South Axis ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Structural Significance

Статья посвящена обоснованию структурного значения китайского стиля (шинуазри) для архитектуры Англии периода Регентства. Английская китайщина активно развивалась в садах и декоративно-прикладном искусстве, согласуясь с классическими стилями XVIII века и эклектикой XIX столетия. Происходившие синхронно перемены в архитектуре и планировке британской столицы, отвечая логике собственного развития Лондона, стали отчасти результатом контактов с Поднебесной империей и вдохновлялись примером цинского Пекина. В статье показано, что улица Риджент-стрит, связавшая исторический центр Лондона с Риджентс-парком, явилась первой расположенной по оси север-юг столичной магистралью, которая определила начало возвращения города к принципам регулярной планировки. The article shows the structural significance of the Chinese style (chinoiserie) for the architecture of England during the Regency period. The Chinese style actively developed in English gardens and decorative art, consistent with the classical styles of the 18th century and the eclecticism of the 19th century. Some changes in the architecture and planning of the British capital, which were in line with the logic of Londons own development, were also the result of contacts with the Qing Empire (16441911) and were inspired by the example of Beijing. The article shows that Regent Street, which connected the historical center of London with Regents Park, was the first Londons highway located along the north-south axis and determined the beginning of the citys return to the principles of regular planning.

scholarly journals Quackery in the Treatment of Syphilis in Serbia / Nadrilekari u lečenju sifilisa u srbiji

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Bosiljka M. Lalević-Vasić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Health Department ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Professional Control ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract During the multi-century Ottoman rule, there were no educated physicians in Serbia, and “folk healers” used to treat the sick. Just after the 3rd decade of the 19th century, when the first educated physicians came to Serbia, we can also speak about quackery. At that time, syphilis started spreading and some quacks became “specialists for syphilis”. They were most numerous in the North-East Serbia in the 4th and 5th decades of the 19th century. They represented a major problem, because people believed them more than they believed physicians, while the state authorities of just liberated country, tolerated them. The quacks were not familiar with the clinical features of syphilis, and mostly used mercury to treat it by fumigation and inhalation, rubbing it into the skin, proscribing mercury pills, while symptoms of severe, sometimes lethal intoxication were signs of successful treatment. They also used sarsaparilla. Authorities of the new Government often issued them permission to work, whereas professional control and prohibition of such treatment began in 1839, when the Health Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was established. The most famous quack, “specialist for syphilis”, was Gojko Marković, who was also a “physician” and the first director of the Hospital for the treatment of syphilis in Serbia during a certain period. A married couple, Gaja and Kita Savković, were also well known, as well as Stojan Milenković, a young man in the service of Prince Miloš. There were, of course, many adventurers, imposters, travelling Turkish and Greek physicians, Gipsies, fortune-tellers, old women, and ignorant people of various professions. Their work was banned by the Government.

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