POTENTIAL USE OF SOLAR RADIATION TO DESINFECT DOMESTIC WASTEWATER IN BRAZIL. / USO POTENCIAL DA DESINFECÇÃO SOLAR DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS DE ORI- GEM DOMÉSTICA NO BRASIL.

In this paper, the potential use and effectiveness of paraffin wax in a new solar cooker was experimentally investigated during daylight and late evening hours. For these experiments, a cooker having an inner reflecting surface was designed, constructed by filling paraffin wax and metal shavings. The side- and sub-surface temperatures of the paraffin wax in the cooker are measured in the summer months of June and July. The thermal efficiency of the cooker was tested on different conditions. The results show that the optimum angle of the outer reflector is 30?. Here, the peak temperature of the paraffin wax in the solar cooker was 83.4 ?C. The average solar radiation reflected makes a contribution of 9.26% to the temperature of paraffin wax with the outer reflector. The solar cooker with the outer reflector angle of 30? receives also reflected radiation from the inner reflectors. Besides, the heating time is decreased to approximately 1 hour. The designed solar cooker can be effectively used with 30.3% daily thermal efficiency and paraffin wax due to the amount of energy stored.

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Investigation of optical and photoelectric properties of poly (ohydroxyamide) sensitized by phthalocyanine as a perspective material for solar cells

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202022001019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 220 ◽

pp. 01019

Author(s):

Elvira Fazalova ◽

Konstantin Kochunov ◽

Elena Bodyago ◽

Georgii Konoplev ◽

Nikolay Mukhin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Wavelength Region ◽

Organic Dye ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Photoelectric Properties ◽

Zinc Phthalocyanines ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Potential Use

Optical and photoelectric properties of poly (ohydroxyamide) (PHA) sensitized with zinc phthalocyanines were investigated in the visible and near infrared spectral regions. The structures were deposited on glass substrates by centrifugation and subsequent drying of a PHA film without thermal annealing. Optical spectra revealed characteristic absorption peaks of phthalocyanine in the longer wavelength region at 620-640 nm and 680-700 nm; absorption of the PHA matrix monotonously increases to the shorter wavelengths starting from 700 nm. Measurements of the photocurrent under irradiation with a high-power LED at a wavelength 630 nm showed photoconductivity related to the organic dye; photoconductivity also was observed while irradiated at 540 nm, presumably due to the absorption of PHA matrix. For non-sensitized (dye-free) PHA films no detectable photocurrents were produced by 630 nm irradiation. It was shown that introducing of phthalocyanines significantly improves optical absorption and photoconductivity of PHA thin films at the wavelengths, where the maximum in the spectral distribution of solar radiation lies. It was concluded that phthalocyanine-sensitized PHA has the potential use as a photosensitive organic material for solar applications, for example in developing composite organicinorganic structures with ferroelectrics.

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Analysis of the potential use of Trombe walls in Brazil: design recommendations

Sustainable buildings ◽

10.1051/sbuild/2020003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Fernando Antonio de Melo Sá Cavalcanti ◽

Rosana Maria Caram

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Computer Simulations ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Solar Heating ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Heated Air ◽

Trombe Wall ◽

Potential Use ◽

Passive Strategy

In this paper, the thermal performance of a standard environment was evaluated based on the use of a Trombe wall with different configurations and types of use, as the potential for using this passive strategy is still little studied in Brazil. This device is capable of absorbing energy from solar radiation by heating the air in this greenhouse and this heated air can be directed to the interior or exterior of the building depending on the purpose. This air can be used to heat the room or cool it by means of natural ventilation. The analysis of this research was based on a series of computer simulations using the EnergyPlus software, version 7.0 in order to quantify and classify the thermal performance of a standard environment equipped with this component, under the various construction configurations. Both for heating and cooling environments. The use of Trombe walls improved the thermal comfort of users in buildings located in Brazil, depending on the climate where they are located, promoting natural ventilation and passive solar heating, allowing the potential of this device to be investigated in the most diverse Brazilian regions.

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Domestic Wastewater Disinfection Using Solar Radiation for Agricultural Reuse

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/2013.22412 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 65-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. M. Sanchez-Roman ◽

A. A. Soares ◽

A. T. de Matos ◽

G. C. Sediyama ◽

O. DeSouza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Wastewater Disinfection

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An investigation into the potential use of nutrients recovered from urine diversion on a summer housing site: self-sufficiency based on nitrogen balance

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.527 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 576-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ayse D. Allar ◽

Bilsen Beler Baykal

Keyword(s):

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Stream Segregation ◽

Wastewater Management ◽

Small Community ◽

Urine Diversion ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Management Concept ◽

Housing Site ◽

Rich Content ◽

Potential Use

ECOSAN is a recent domestic wastewater management concept which suggests segregation at the source. One of these streams, yellow water (human urine) has the potential to be used as fertilizer, directly or indirectly, because of its rich content of plant nutrients. One physicochemical method for indirect use is adsorption/ion exchange using clinoptilolite. This paper aims to present the results of a scenario focusing on possible diversion of urine and self-sufficiency of nutrients recovered on site through the use of this process, using actual demographic and territorial information from an existing summer housing site. Specifically, this paper aims to answer the questions: (i) how much nitrogen can be recovered to be used as fertilizer by diverting urine? and (ii) is this sufficient or in surplus within the model housing site? This sets an example of resource-oriented sanitation using stream segregation as a wastewater management strategy in a small community. Nitrogen was taken as the basis of calculations/predictions and the focus was placed on whether nitrogen is self-sufficient or in excess as fertilizer for use within the premises. The results reveal that the proposed application makes sense and that urine coming from the housing site is self-sufficient as fertilizer within the housing site itself.

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Isolation of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial strains from soil, and their potential use in the reduction of nitrogen in household waste water

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v65i4.26509 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1527 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abad Rodríguez Rodríguez ◽

Silvia Mau Inchaustegui ◽

Lilliana Piedra Castro ◽

Ricardo Jiménez Montealegre ◽

Juan Pablo Herrera Vargas

Keyword(s):

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Household Waste ◽

Nitrifying Bacteria ◽

Main Element ◽

Future Research ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Genetic Sequencing ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Potential Use

Currently, nitrogen has become the main element of water pollution, causing riverine, lacustrine and coastal eutrophication. The continuous contamination of aquifers and the absence of planned water resource utilization, boost its scarcity, and has been the only way in which our societies become aware of the urgent need to process the generated wastewater. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrifying capacity of different autochthonous bacterial isolates from soils from nearby sources of domestic wastewater drainage. For this, bacteria were isolated from Pirro River, contaminated with nitrogen of domestic sewage. Nitrifying bacteria were counted by serial dilution and agar plates, and were isolated until obtaining axenic colonies. These were identified by biochemical batteries or genetic sequencing, and the quantification of their nitrifying capacity was obtained by the methods 4500- NH4 + -F and 4500-NO-2-B, all between September 26, 2011 and March 16, 2014. A total of seven strains of nitrifying microorganisms were isolated and purified, including four Streptomyces sp., one Pseudomonas putida, one Sphingomonas sp. and one Aeromonas sp. We found that there were 2.23 x 105 UFC/g of soil of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and 2.2 x 104 CFU/g of soil of nitrite oxidizing bacteria in the samples. The quantification of the nitrifying capacity of the strains by colorimetric methods, determined that the maximum ammonium removal capacity was 0.050 mg N/L/day and 0.903 mg N/L/day of nitrite. The collection of few strains of nitrifying organisms and a low CFU count, can be attributed to the technique used, since this only recovers 1 % of the microorganisms present in a sample, which, however, is acceptable for studies which main purpose is to obtain cultivable microorganisms. Future research should consider removal tests with higher ammonium and nitrite levels, to find the maximum capacity of the isolated microorganisms, and evaluate their potential use in wastewater treatment systems.

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Systematic review of the last 20 years of research on decentralized domestic wastewater treatment In Brazil: state of the art and potentials

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2021.487 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marcella Moretti Ferreira ◽

Fabiana Alves Fiore ◽

Alexandre Saron ◽

Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Science Data ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System ◽

Potential Use

Abstract A DEWATS (decentralized wastewater treatment system) is an alternative for expanding sanitation. In Brazil, DEWATS is acknowledged by law and is part of the National Sanitation Plan strategy for achieving the treatment of 85.6% of all the generated wastewater by 2033, improving the current treatment index of 49%. This review's aim is to identify DEWATS studies in Brazil and to verify their potential for narrowing the national wastewater treatment deficit. Hence, aspects such as cost, maintenance, and efficiency were assessed. The archival research method (ARM) was used to identify papers published in the last 20 years through the scientific databases of Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Data regarding the general characteristics of each study were collected and compared to Brazilian environmental regulation and sanitation status. The results showed the evaluation of different technologies as DEWATS, highlighting their flexibility and potential use in 79% of Brazilian counties. However, although 81% of the studies conducted performance analysis, none covered the main parameters required by Brazilian law. Although legal gaps for DEWATS improvement and consolidation have been identified and the interest in studying DEWATS has been increasing in the last five years, many barriers to their widespread use remain.

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Diclofenac Toxicity Abatement in Wastewater with Solar Disinfection: A Study in the Rural Area of Brazil’s Central−West Region

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1043

Author(s):

Nathália Sanches dos Santos ◽

Laura Fernanda Marquiza ◽

Cristina Sousa Coutinho Calheiros ◽

Priscila Sabioni Cavalheri ◽

Beatriz Santos Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Emerging Contaminants ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Root Growth Inhibition ◽

Radiation Toxicity ◽

Solar Disinfection ◽

Toxicity Monitoring ◽

West Region ◽

Allium Cepa L

Domestic wastewater has been targeted for the presence of emerging contaminants such as antibiotics, of which diclofenac is one of the most frequently detected. Many studies have focused on the removal of these emerging pollutants. However, the legislation has focused on toxicity monitoring. In search of simplified solutions for rural areas, and to guarantee the safe reuse of effluent in agriculture, this study evaluated the efficiency of a decentralized solar disinfection (SODIS) system regarding the reduction of ecotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and pathogens in domestic wastewater after adding diclofenac potassium. For this purpose, the bioindicators Artemia sp., Allium cepa L. and Lactuca sativa were used, after 1, 2, and 3 h of exposure to solar radiation. After 3 h of exposure to solar radiation, toxicity was reduced and root growth inhibition was noted, which indicates low effluent toxicity after treatment by the SODIS system. It was achieved a reduction of 3 and 2 log units in the concentration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively.

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Systems with Concentrating Solar Radiation

Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms - Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4450-2.ch031 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 931-988

Author(s):

Saša R. Pavlović ◽

Velimir P. Stefanović

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Power Plants ◽

Numerical Procedure ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Solar Systems ◽

The World ◽

Parabolic Dish ◽

Solar Power Plants ◽

Potential Use

In this chapter, description and working principles of the parabolic trough power plants, solar tower power plants, parabolic dish power plants, and power plants with Fresnel reflectors in the world and their potential use in Serbia are given. In addition, the examples and technical characteristics of some concetrating solar power plants in the world are given. The cases in which solar cells are used to generate electrical energy are very rare. Solar systems referred as mid temperature (100–400 oC) are considered suitable for integration with industrial processes, cooling, and polygeneration systems through use of concentrating solar collectors. The results of this research may be applied in the construction of small solar systems, but also in the design and construction of large polygeneration systems. Physical and mathematical model is presented, as well as numerical procedure for predicting thermal performances of the P2CC (Parabolic-and-Circular Collector) solar concentrator.

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