Hepatoprotective Effect of Methanolic Leave Extracts of V. album on Paracetamol-Induced Laboratory Animals

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
L. Yusuf ◽  
M.K. Oladunmoye ◽  
A.O. Ogundare
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Significant Difference

Hepatoprotective assay was carried out on laboratory animals in which paracetamol (oral dose,2 g/kg /body weight) was used to induce hepatotoxicity. The animals were orogastrically fed with the Viscum album (growing on cocoa and cola host trees) methanolic leave extracts. The activities of serum enzyme biomarkers showed no significant difference (P< 0.05) for V. album growing on cocoa (1000-5000mg/kg) but there were corresponding significant increase in the serum enzymes (P< 0.05) for V. album growing on cola at 4000 and 5000 mg/kg doses. Similarly, the photomicrograms of the animals’ vital organs (liver, stomach, small intestine and kidneys) studied revealed that V.album extract growing on cocoa was more hepatoprotective efficacious than that growing on cola tree on all the biochemical parameters that were screened for when compared with sylimarin (a standard heptoprotective drug).

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Yendubé T. Kantati ◽  
Tchin Darré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

scholarly journals Aberrant Lighting Causes Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice but Curcumin Ameliorates the Symptoms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Dhondup Namgyal ◽  
Kumari Chandan ◽  
Sher Ali ◽  
Ajaz Ahmad ◽  
Maha J. Hashim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Lighting Systems

In the modern research field, laboratory animals are constantly kept under artificial lighting conditions. However, recent studies have shown the effect of artificial light on animal behavior and metabolism. In the present study on mice, following three weeks of housing in dim light at night (dLAN; 5lux) and complete darkness (DD; 0lux), we monitored the effect on body weight, daily food intake, anxiety-like behavior by employing the open field test, and expression of the period (PER1) gene. We also studied the effect of oral administration of different concentrations of curcumin (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) for three weeks in the same mice and monitored these parameters. The exposure to dLAN had significantly increased the anxiety-like behavior and body weight possibly through the altered metabolism in mice, whereas exposure to DD caused increased anxiety but no significant difference in weight gain. Moreover, the expression of the PER1 gene involved in sleep was also found to be decreased in the aberrant light conditions (dLAN and DD). Although the treatment of curcumin had no effect on body weight, it ameliorated the anxiety-like behavior possibly by modulating the expression of the PER1 gene. Thus, alteration in the light/dark cycle had a negative effect on laboratory animals on the body weight and emotions of animals. The present study identifies the risk factors associated with artificial lighting systems on the behavior of laboratory animals and the ameliorative effects of curcumin, with a focus on anxiety-like behavior.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VEHICLES ON HEPATO- PROTECTIVE EFFICIENCY OF DESFERRIOXAMNE IN RADIATED CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TREATED MICE

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
lbrahim El-Bagory ◽  
Mahmoud Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation

The effect of desferrioxamine (DFO) in different vehicle ( Aqueous and oily) against hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CC14) in irradiated mice and irradiated carbon tetrachloride (IR-CCI4) in normal mice was investigated. A single dose of CC14 and IR-CCI4 (20 @/kg, i.p.) in irradiated mice (IR-mice) and normal mice induced hepatotoxicrty, manifested biochemically by significant elevation of serum enzyme activities, such as alanine trarsaminase (ALT, EC:2.6.1.2 ) and aspartate transaminase (AST, EC:2.6.1.1). Hepatotoxiaty was further evidenced by significant decrease of total sulfttydryl (-SH) content, and catalase (EC: 1.1 1.1.6) activrty in hepatic tissues and significant increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdhyde (MDA). Pretreatment of normal mice and IR-mice with DFO (200 mg/kg i.p dissolved either in water or arachis oil vehicle) 1 h before CC14 or IR-CC14 injection ameliorated the hepatotoxicrty as evidenced by a significant reduction in the elevated levels of serum enzymes as well as a significant decrease in the hepatic MDA content and a significant increase in the total sulfhydryl content 24 h after CC14 or IR-CCI4 administration.. These results indicated that both of oily and watery DFO can effectively ameliorated the hepatotoxicity induced by CC14 in IR-mice or IR-CC14 in normal mice. Although, the efficiency of the hepatoprotective effect of DFO in oily vehicle was higher than that DFO in aqueous vehicle. The hepatoprotective effect of DFO possibly through inhibition of the production of oxygen free radicals that cause lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Enhanced intestinal 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose uptake under metformin is not fully suppressed by loperamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Tomomi Nobashi ◽  
Tsuneo Saga ◽  
Yuji Nakamoto ◽  
Yoichi Shimizu ◽  
Sho Koyasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mouse Small Intestine ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
And Control

AbstractObjective. This study investigated whether the metformin (Met)-induced enhanced intestinal uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is reduced by loperamide, a long-acting anti-diarrheal agent. Methods. Mean18F-FDG uptake in the mouse small intestine and colon with Met exposure was compared with that in control mice. In the Met group, high-dose (1.0 mg/kg body weight) and low-dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight) loperamide were introduced, and18F-FDG uptake in the small intestine and colon was compared with that of control mice administered high-dose loperamide. The percent injected dose of18F-FDG per gram of tissue (%ID/g) in the extracted tissues was then determined. Results.18F-FDG uptake increased significantly in the small intestine (0.64±0.06 vs. 1.01±0.15, p=0.040) and, especially, the colon (0.46±0.13 vs. 2.16±0.51, p<0.001) after Met exposure. Neither high-dose nor low-dose loperamide significantly reduced18F-FDG uptake in the small intestine (0.82±0.31 vs. 0.84±0.22, p=0.93 and 0.78±0.25 vs. 0.70±0.15, p=0.13, respectively) or colon (2.13±0.41 vs. 1.67±0.55, p=0.063 and 1.77±0.39 vs. 1.80±0.25, p=0.56, respectively). The colonic %ID/g was significantly higher in Met groups irrespective of loperamide introduction than in control group, whereas the significant difference in the small intestine was observed only between Met and control groups. Conclusion. Metformin increased18F-FDG uptake in intestines especially in colon. Loperamide administration partially, but not sufficiently, suppresses the Met-induced increased colonic uptake of18F-FDG.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Study of Modafinil in Relation to Gender and Ethnicity in Healthy Young Chinese Volunteers

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Guo ◽  
Longshan Zhao ◽  
Dong-Ya Xia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Purpose. The pharmacokinetics of modafinil were investigated in relation to gender and ethnicity in healthy young volunteers from Han, Mongolian, Korean, Uygur and Hui ( n = 10/group) following administration of a single 200 mg oral dose. Methods. Blood samples were collected over 48 h for the determination of plasma levels of modafinil and its acid metabolite by High performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using noncompartmental methods. Results. Modafinil was well tolerated and safe at a single oral dose of 200 mg. All participants reported adverse events, none of which was serious or unexpected. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve for modafinil concentration versus time, which was extrapolated to infinity (AUC0-∞), were higher in women compared to men (p < 0.01). No gender-based difference was noted in the total body weight-normalized modafinil oral clearance. The total body weight-normalized modafinil apparent volume of distribution and the t1/2 was found to exhibit an ethnicity-based significant difference. Conclusion. The results of the current study suggest that there might be pharmacokinetic differences related to gender and ethnicity in the pharmacokinetics of modafinil.

scholarly journals Vitamin B12 nutrition and metabolism in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Siddons ◽  
Fredericka Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Papio Cynocephalus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver Vitamin

1. Measurement of the vitamin B12 content of baboon tissues showed that the liver contained the highest concentration, followed by the pituitary, kidney, heart, spleen and pancreas.2. The dietary vitamin B12 requirement of the baboon for the maintenance of satisfactory body stores was between 1 and 2 μg/d.3. Satisfactory liver vitamin B12 stores were invariably associated with serum levels above 125 pg/ml, whereas liver levels were usually low when the serum level was below 50 pg/ml.4. Increased methylmalonic acid (MMA) excretion after a valine load occurred when the liver vitamin B12 level was less than 0·40 μg/g. L- and DL-valine were approximately equally effective as precursors of MMA, whereas sodium propionate, whether given orally or intra-peritoneally, was less effective.5. The distribution of radioactivity along the wall of the intestinal tract after an oral dose of [57Co]cyanocobalamin suggested that the distal half of the small intestine was the main site of vitamin B12 absorption. However, the utilization of vitamin B12 put direct into the middle part of the small intestine was much lower than that of an oral dose.6. The unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity of baboon serum was not related to the serum vitamin B12 level. There was a significant difference between the unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacities of the two subspecies of baboon (Papio cynocephalus cynocephalus and P. cynocephalus anubis) studied.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLOOD OF POULTRY WHEN USING A COMPLEX OF ORGANIC ACIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
A.A. Taldykina ◽  
◽  
V.V. Semenyutin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Positive Effect

In this work, the influence of the complex of organic acids "BiSAlTek" on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of poultry was studied. The positive effect of the acidifier on the increase in red blood cells, as well as on the level of metabolic processes, due to which there was a more intense increase in body weight. The supplement had an anti-inflammatory (by changing leukopoiesis) and hepatoprotective effect on the poultry body.

scholarly journals Metabolism in vivo of all-trans-[11-3H]retinoic acid after an oral dose in rats. Characterization of retinoyl β-glucuronide in the blood and other tissues

1991 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Barua ◽  
D B Gunning ◽  
J A Olson
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Large Dose ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Esters

Soon after [11-3H]retinoic acid (RA) (1.1 x 10(8) d.p.m.) was administered orally to rats either as a large dose (115 micrograms = 0.38 mumol/rat) or mixed with unlabelled RA as a huge dose (22 mg = 73.33 mumol/rat), retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) was identified and characterized as a significant metabolite in the serum and small intestine. Of the administered dose, 70% remained unchanged as retinoic acid in the stomach up to 1 h. Significant amounts of 5,6-epoxyretinoic acid, 4-hydroxyretinoic acid, esters of retinoic acid and several polar retinoids, including 4-oxoretinoic acid, were also detected in the stomach. No significant difference was observed in the nature of the retinoids found after a large or a huge dose; however, the ratio of RAG/RA was higher after a huge dose than after a large dose. Thus RAG, which is biologically active in vivo and in vitro, is formed quickly in significant amounts in tissues after a dose of RA.

scholarly journals Age-associated and Breed-associated Variations in Haematological and Biochemical Variables in Mangalitsa, Mangalitsa×Durock and Large White Pig

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ognjen Stevančević ◽  
Marko Cincović ◽  
Radosav Šević ◽  
Božidar Savić ◽  
Branislava Belić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leukocyte Number ◽  
Large White Pig

Background: Research of hematologic and biochemical parameters in pigs is of great importance considering the fact that pigs are used as a model in research of different health disorders in humans. There are many different breeds of pigs that have different health, productive and biologic characteristics that need to be studied. Hematologic and biochemical values can vary dependent on presence of inflammation and infection.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of breed, age and their interactions on hematologic and biochemical parameters on blood of mangalitsa, mangalitsa x durock and Large White pig. Materials, Methods & Results: Experiment included 10 litters of mangalitsa, white variety, mated with mangalitsa boar, 10 mangalitsa litters, and white variety inseminated with durock boar and litters of great Large White inseminated with great Yorkshire boar. Six groups, each include 10 animals were formed and their blood was sampled (3 breeds and 2 age categories). Age groups were formed according to moment of blood sampling. First sample was taken in moment of 30 ± 5 kg of body weight. Second sample was taken when body weight was 100 kg hematologic analyze. Samples were taken with BD Vacutainer®. Complete classic blood analyzes and leucocytes formulas were done by hematology analyzer ADVIA 120 Hematology Siemens, Germany. Biochemical analyze was done by biochemical analyzer A15 BioSystem with their standard colorimetric reagenses. Concentration of total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, total bilirubin, AST and ALT were determined. Globulin concentration was calculated.  Results have showed that hematologic and biochemical parameters are influenced by breed, age and their interaction as: total leukocyte number (age, breed x age), neutrophils number (age, breed), number of monocytes and platelets (age, breed x age), eosinophils number and percentage (age), percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes and cholesterol (breed). All of three factors (breed, age breed x age) have affected number of lymphocytes basophils number, % of monocytes, % of basophils, erythrocyte number, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, protein, albumin, creatinine and ALT. Globulin value varied in function of interaction breed x age. RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total protein albumin, creatinine, and ALT variance can be explained by influence of breed, age and their interaction   (η2 = 35-75%).Discussion: Based on results of this study breed and age have significant influence on numerous blood parameters. Besides the differences in mean values of parameters it is proved presence of statistically significant difference in frequencies distributions in function of age and breed. Different age and breed categories have different frequencies distributions of many determined parameters. There is positive correlation between RBC, Hgb, Hct and albumin in all three breed (R2 = 67-84%). Negative correlation was found between WBC and RBC, Hgb, Hct that was statistically significant in mangalitsa breed (R2 = 58-69%) but not in other two breeds. In mangalitsa significant positive correlation was found between globulin and leukocyte number. Given values have showed that during interpretation of lab results breed, age and interactions of hematologic and biochemical parameters need to be considered. Mean values and frequencies distribution differences lead to redefinition of referent range in function of breed and age that requires further research.

scholarly journals ACUTE SKIN TOXICITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DRUG BASED ON MOXIDECTIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Skin Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Skin Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mouse Body Weight

The acute skin toxicity characteristics of the drug for veterinary use “Inspector Mini” were studied at mice and rats. The active ingredient of the drug is moxidectin which belongs to the group of macrocyclic lactones of the milbemycin class. The studies were carried out in the vivarium of VNIIP – FSC VIEV (Moscow, Russia) on 2 experimental and 1 control groups of white outbred male mice of 19–21 g, 10 animals in each group and male rats of 200–230 g, 6 individuals in each. The mass of animals was indicated during application of the drug. The drug was used once without dilution in the form of the provided solution with single-channel mechanical dispensers with a dosing volume of 10–100 μl for mice and 100–1000 μl for rats. The animals in the experimental group 1 were treated at a dose of 10 400 mg/kg (100 μl per 10 g of mouse body weight or 1000 μl per 100 g of rat body weight), animals in the experimental group 2 – at a dose of 5 200 mg/kg (50 μl per 10 g of mouse body weight or 500 μl per 100 g of rat body weight). The animals in control group were not treat with the drug. As a result of the study, it was found that the LD50 of the drug “Inspector Mini” applied to the skin of mice and rats was more than 10 400 mg/kg per animal weight. During clinical examination of laboratory animals from the experimental groups, no signs of intoxication were observed. During the experiment, there was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the animals weight from the experimental groups within all periods of weighing compared with the control group of analogues.

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