Impact of Low-Molecule Acidic Peptides on Growth and Histological Structure of Inner Organs of Marbled Crayfish Procambarus fallax (Hagen, 1870) F. virginalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oleh Marenkov ◽  
Elena Fedonenko ◽  
Alexandra Naboka
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Procambarus Fallax ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
Marbled Crayfish ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acidic Peptides

The results of studies on the effects of low molecular weight acidic solution peptides on the growth and development of the marbled crayfish artificial cultivation.An increasing weights of juvenile freshwater crayfish under the influence of dietary supplement "Albuvir" drug. With the use of histological methods of research, found the impact of 0.01% solution of the drug on the state of the marbled crayfish lobules of hepatopancreas and fat cells. Developed a method for growing juvenile freshwater crayfish with "Albuvir", which allows to increase the weight gain of crustaceans on 24.3–27.2% and reduce the level of cannibalism at 20%.

Features of histological adaptation of Marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis (Decapoda) to the different concentration of cadmium ions in model experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
O. N. Marenkov ◽  
K. K. Holoborodko ◽  
Yu. S. Voronkova ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Excretory System ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Procambarus Fallax ◽  
Antennal Gland ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

The article shows the results of studies on the influence of cadmium ions on the histological structure of antennal gland cells of marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis Martin et al., 2010 (Decapoda). Due to the fact that marbled crayfish got into the reservoirs of the Dnipropetrovsk region in 2015, it was necessary to study the possibilities of its adaptation to environmental factors of reservoirs for further prediction of its distribution or even acclimatization under conditions of toxicological contamination of the ponds of the steppe Prydniprovya. We conducted a laboratory model experiments to study the mechanisms of adaptation of marbled crayfish Procambarus fallax f. virginalis. The effect of different concentrations of cadmium ions (0.01 mg/l, 2 MРC) on physiological state and histostructure of the excretory system of marbled crayfish was determined. The cells of the antennal gland of marbled crayfish in the control had a size of 166.08 ± 10.13 μm2. Glandulocytes had clear cells edges, pronounced structure of ducts, and a clear basal membrane. The cells had large nuclei with a cross-sectional area of 51.31±3.92 μm2. The nucleic membrane had clear edges, there were nucleoli in nuclei that were characterized by basophilia. That is, the structure of the antennal gland of marbled crayfish in control was normal for Decapods. The worst histological picture of antennal gland cells was observed in individuals exposed to cadmium ions. The structure of the excretory ducts of the green gland was broken, they had fuzzy boundaries, contained a large number of fragments of glandulocytes cytoplasm. In some cells there was a picnose of nuclei, as well as the output of a nucleolus beyond the nucleus which is the appearance of the micronucleus. This phenomenon is caused by the toxicological effects of cadmium. Compared with control, the glandulocytes of the antennal gland were 14.8 % smaller, their area of cross-section reached 141.44±7.60 μm2. The nuclei of the glandular cells were also significantly lower by 17.5 % than such in control, and their area reached 42.32±1.74 μm2. To study the influence of cadmium on the glandular cells of the green gland of marbled crayfish, the index of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) was used. The indicator of nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio allows estimating the level of metabolism and detecting the manifestation of compensatory reactions of the organism of experimental crayfish. The value of NCR in the trial and control did not differ statistically and amounted to 0.31 units. This indicates an interproportional reduction in both the cytoplasm of the cells of the green gland and their nuclei, caused by cadmium exposure. It was determined that under the influence of heavy metals the size of the glandular cells and their nuclei decreases, while the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio remains the same, which is probably an adaptive reaction of the excretory system against the influence of heavy metal ions. Investigation of the histological structure of tissues and organs of marbled crayfish will allow the development of measures for the determination of biomarkers for the bioindication of the aquatic environment using freshwater crayfish. The results of such studies have an important fundamental and applied significance for understanding the mechanisms of adaptation of crustaceans to the conditions of toxicological burden on aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Phylogeographic reconstruction of the marbled crayfish origin

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Gutekunst ◽  
Olena Maiakovska ◽  
Katharina Hanna ◽  
Panagiotis Provataris ◽  
Hannes Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Parent Population ◽  
Diploid Parent ◽  
Phylogeographic Analysis ◽  
Procambarus Fallax ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Crayfish Population ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

AbstractThe marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) is a triploid and parthenogenetic freshwater crayfish species that has colonized diverse habitats around the world. Previous studies suggested that the clonal marbled crayfish population descended as recently as 25 years ago from a single specimen of P. fallax, the sexually reproducing parent species. However, the genetic, phylogeographic, and mechanistic origins of the species have remained enigmatic. We have now constructed a new genome assembly for P. virginalis to support a detailed phylogeographic analysis of the diploid parent species, Procambarus fallax. Our results strongly suggest that both parental haplotypes of P. virginalis were inherited from the Everglades subpopulation of P. fallax. Comprehensive whole-genome sequencing also detected triploid specimens in the same subpopulation, which either represent evolutionarily important intermediate genotypes or independent parthenogenetic lineages arising among the sexual parent population. Our findings thus clarify the geographic origin of the marbled crayfish and identify potential mechanisms of parthenogenetic speciation.

scholarly journals Fate of glair glands and spawning behaviour in unmated crayfish: a comparison between gonochoristic slough crayfish and parthenogenetic marbled crayfish

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Procambarus Fallax ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Spawning Behaviour ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

AbstractIn the period before spawning, freshwater crayfish females develop glair glands on the underside of the pleon. These glands produce the mucus for a transient tent-like structure in which the eggs are fertilized and attached to the pleopods. Long-term observation of females of the bisexually reproducing slough crayfish, Procambarus fallax, kept in captivity revealed that glair glands developed in late winter and late summer of each year independent of the presence of males. However, in contrast to mated females unmated females did neither form a fertilization tent nor spawn. Their glair glands persisted for an unusually long period of time and disappeared only during the next moult. Apparently, females use information on sperm availability to either reproduce or save the resources. Marbled crayfish, Procambarus virginalis, a parthenogenetic descendant of slough crayfish, developed glair glands in approximately the same periods of the year but spawned despite of the absence of mating. These findings indicate that on their way from gonochorism to parthenogenesis regulation of glair gland activity and spawning has been decoupled from mating. Therefore, the species pair Procambarus fallax/Procambarus virginalis seems to be particularly suitable to investigate the physiological, molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying spawning in freshwater crayfish.

Effect of Glycosaminoglycans on Thrombin- and Atroxin-Induced Fibrin Assembly and Structure

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1057-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus E Carr ◽  
Patrick L Powers
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Fibrin Gels ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fiber Radius ◽  
Turbidity Increase

SummaryThis study was performed to quantitate the impact of several glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on fibrin assembly and structure. Gel formation was monitored as the increase in optical density at 633 nm subsequent to thrombin (2 NIH u/ml) or atroxin (0.10 mg/ml) addition to solutions of buffered fibrinogen (1 mg/ml) or plasma. Gel absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength (400 to 800 nm) and gel fiber diameter and mass/length ratio (μ) were calculated. Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA)shortened the lag phase, enhanced the maximal rate of turbidity increase, and increased the final gel turbidity of fibrin gels formed by thrombin or atroxin. CSA (16 mg/ml) increased fiber μ from 1.3 to 3.1 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 6.0 to 8.6 × 10-6 cm in thrombin-induced gels. μ increased from 0.7 to 2.7 × 1013 dalton/cm and fiber radius from 4 to 7.8 × 10-6 cm for atroxin-induced gels. Above 16 mg/ml, CSA caused fibrinogen precipitation in purified solutions but not in plasma. CSA inhibited thrombin-induced plasma clotting of plasma but effects in atroxin-mediated plasma gels paralleled those seen in purified solutions. Chondroitin sulfate B (CSB)-induced changes in fibrin were similar but slightly less dramatic than those seen with CSA. μ increased from 0.9 to 2.0 × 1013 dalton/cm for thrombin-induced fibrin gels and from 0.8 to 2.3 × 1013 dalton/cm for atroxininduced gels. Low molecular weight heparin (Mr = 5100) slowed fibrin assembly and reduced fiber size by 50% in thrombininduced gels. Changes in μ of atroxin-induced gels were much less pronounced (<20%). This study documents pronounced GAGinduced changes in fibrin structure which vary with GAG species and may mediate significant physiologic functions.

scholarly journals Modulation of Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by Polypyrrole: The Impact on Neurogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Kateřina Skopalová ◽  
Katarzyna Anna Radaszkiewicz ◽  
Věra Kašpárková ◽  
Jaroslav Stejskal ◽  
Patrycja Bober ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Erk Kinase

The active role of biomaterials in the regeneration of tissues and their ability to modulate the behavior of stem cells in terms of their differentiation is highly advantageous. Here, polypyrrole, as a representantive of electro-conducting materials, is found to modulate the behavior of embryonic stem cells. Concretely, the aqueous extracts of polypyrrole induce neurogenesis within embryonic bodies formed from embryonic stem cells. This finding ledto an effort to determine the physiological cascade which is responsible for this effect. The polypyrrole modulates signaling pathways of Akt and ERK kinase through their phosphorylation. These effects are related to the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds present in aqueous polypyrrole extracts, determined by mass spectroscopy. The results show that consequences related to the modulation of stem cell differentiation must also be taken into account when polypyrrole is considered as a biomaterial.

The chronic effects of terbuthylazine-2-hydroxy on early life stages of marbled crayfish ( Procambarus fallax f. virginalis )

2017 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalibor Koutnik ◽  
Alzbeta Stara ◽  
Eliska Zuskova ◽  
Antonin Kouba ◽  
Josef Velisek
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Procambarus Fallax ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

scholarly journals Expansion of the marbled crayfish in Slovakia: beginning of an invasion in the Danube catchment?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Lipták ◽  
Agata Mrugała ◽  
Ladislav Pekárik ◽  
Anton Mutkovič ◽  
Daniel Gruľa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Procambarus Fallax ◽  
Danube Catchment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Marbled Crayfish ◽  
Two Populations

The marbled crayfish, <em>Procambarus fallax</em> f. <em>virginalis</em>, is a taxon widely available in the aquarium pet trade, which has been introduced to open waters in several European countries and in Madagascar. Recent studies confirmed this parthenogenetically reproducing crayfish as a high-risk invasive species, and vector of the crayfish plague pathogen, <em>Aphanomyces</em> <em>astaci</em>. It has been first discovered in Slovakia in 2010, but the status of the local population was not studied since then. Due to enlarged sampling area around the first report and one locality, where we presupposed the crayfish occurrence, we identified new marbled crayfish populations. Here, we report presence of three newly established marbled crayfish populations in Slovakia. Two populations are located critically close to the Váh River, a major tributary of the Danube River; one of them being directly connected to the Váh River <em>via</em> a side channel during occasional floods. The third established marbled crayfish population was found at the mouth of a thermal stream flowing into the Nitra River, a tributary of the Váh River. In this stream, crayfish coexist with other exotic fish and gastropod species of aquarium origin. We presume that the reported localities may serve as a source for further expansion of the marbled crayfish in the mid-part of the Danube catchment. Floods, active dispersal (including overland), passive dispersal by zoochory or anthropogenic translocations are among the major drivers facilitating the marbled crayfish colonization. We have not detected the crayfish plague pathogen in any of the studied populations. However, if spreading further, the marbled crayfish will encounter established populations of crayfish plague carriers in the Danube River, in which case they may acquire the pathogen by horizontal transmission and contribute to spread of this disease to indigenous European crayfish species.

scholarly journals Changes in Protein Composition in the Grain and Malt after Fusarium Infection Dependently of Wheat Resistance

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spanic ◽  
Horvat ◽  
Drezner ◽  
Zdunic
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Fusarium Infection ◽  
The Impact

The grain yield, as well as the quality and safety of the wheat grains and corresponding malt can be compromised by Fusarium spp. infection. The protein content of the grain affects the chemical composition and enzyme levels of the finished malt. The malting industry demands varieties with good malting and brewing performance, as well as good agronomic performance and disease resistance. The best method of disease control is breeding and selection for resistant varieties. Due to higher requirements for malting wheat worldwide, the goal of this investigation was to explore changes in protein distribution in wheat grains and corresponding malt, which are under higher pressure of Fusarium head blight (FHB) infestation in field conditions. The present study provides new knowledge on the impact of the FHB on the distribution of protein components of naturally Fusarium-infected (control) and Fusarium-inoculated wheat varieties in the grain and the corresponding malt in two consecutive years (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). The results showed that Fusarium infection of the susceptible variety Golubica, decreased total glutenins (5.9%), and both high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (2.5% and 3.5%, respectively) in wheat grains, compared to control, in 2016. In contrast, gliadins and α-gliadins increased significantly (+7.6% and +5.1%, respectively) in the same variety. Wheat grains of the more resistant variety Vulkan showed an increase of the total glutenins content (+4.3%), and of high and of low molecular weight glutenin subunits (+1.2% and +3.2%, respectively) after Fusarium-inoculation, compared to naturally infected grains in 2016. Susceptible variety Golubica increased total glutenins (+9.1%), and both high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (+3.5% and +5.6%, respectively) after Fusarium-inoculation in wheat malt, compared to naturally infected malt in 2016. In 2017, when disease pressure was higher than in 2016, there was a tendency in all varieties to increase gliadins and its sub fractions after malting, and to decrease glutenins and its sub fractions in Fusarium-inoculated treatment. In conclusion, FHB dramatically depressed grain yield (up to 37%) and quality (glutenins and high molecular weight subunits) in the susceptible Fusarium variety, which makes it inconvenient for malting.

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