scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Patronage of Ecotourism Attractions in Enugu State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus E. Amalu ◽  
O.O. Otop ◽  
Ugwu Oko ◽  
P.E. Oko-Isu
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Documented Information ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Rural Appraisal

This study focused on examining the spatial characteristics and the patronage pattern of attractions and eco-tourism products in Enugu State. Primary and secondary sources of data collection were used to elicit information for the study. The primary sources involved the use of questionnaire survey, interview sessions guided by participatory rural appraisal technique, telephone survey, direct field observation and the use of Geographic Information System techniques. The secondary sources involved the use of documented information in textbooks, journals and registry of eco-tourism attraction across the study area. Findings from the study indicate that forty-one (41) operational ecotourism attractions exist across the study location with the result of the nearest neighbor analysis of 0.93 revealing that ecotourism attractions were randomly distributed across the study area. The study also observed that a total of 6,360 visitors visited and patronized the attractions between 2013 and 2017 with domestic eco-tourists having 56% of the entire visits to the attractions while visits by international eco-tourists recorded 44% of the entire visits. Based on the findings, the study recommended that major stakeholders in the tourism industry (government, non-governmental organizations and host communities) should collaborate and corporate to create an enabling environment for more investment opportunities and organize more ecotourism activities in the area. The study also recommended that managers of ecotourism attractions should employ modern marketing strategies to help create more awareness about the ecotourism attractions and its facilities to the entire world.

scholarly journals Regional Development of Rural Tourism: The Case of the Gorska Hrvatska Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Nina Baković
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Practical Recommendations

AbstractAn approach to sustainable tourism through clusters is considered an appropriate strategy in less-developed rural areas of tourist-oriented countries, such as Croatia. This paper clarifies the key challenges of the development of tourism clusters in the region of Gorska Hrvatska and provides new data for an approach to sustainable rural tourism development. Using available secondary data from governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, protected areas of Gorska Hrvatska, and primary data of the Lika Destination Cluster, the paper explores the key challenges of developing a cluster of tourism and selective forms of tourism. Most tourism clusters in Croatia have remained in the first phase of development for years, even though this approach has failed to to achieve significant results. The key benefits of networking and branding in rural areas are identified and defined, but these potentials are still largely underutilized. The objective of this study is to provide practical recommendations to the Croatian tourism industry on how to learn from the suggested best practices and how to implement them effectively. For that purpose, the case of sustainable tourism located in the Gorska Hrvatska region, called the Lika Destination Cluster is analyzed.

scholarly journals REVITALIZATION MODEL OF ETHNIC SETTLEMENT TO PRESERVE CULTURAL HERITAGE AND SUPPORT TOURISM IN SURAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Sariyatun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Interactive Analysis ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
The Government

The main aim of this research is to formulate a revitalizing model of ethnic settlement through the effort of preserving cultural heritage and supporting community-based tourism in Surakarta. It is a qualitative research which uses primary and secondary sources. The research data is gathered through in-depth interviews, guided group discussions, field observations, and the close reading method [metode simak]. The data was obtained through the triangulation method. The data is then analyzed by using the interactive analysis technique. The results of the research are as follows: First, the kinds of ethnic settlements which still survive are Baluwarti, Kauman, Laweyan, Pecinan in Balong and Kampung Arab Pasar Kliwon. Second, writings on the variety of ethnic settlements in Surakarta are still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance this community-based ethnic settlement through writings so that the community would be better known and be able to benefit from the existing tourism settlement projects. Third, the final model is formulated, i.e. the final Interpretation-Based and Benefit-Oriented Model which is shortened as IBaBOM. This means that what is being constructed is a revitalizing model based on interpretative writings. The objective is to secure benefits for Surakarta.The elements to formulate this model are the potentials, problems, and stakeholders. The potentials refer to the attractions, accessibilities, amenities, and activities. Problems cover matters related to diversifications, collaborations, human resource, thought patterns, and promotion. Stakeholders comprise of the community, the government, higher learning institutions, private enterprises, non-governmental organizations, and associations or “paguyuban.” The benefits are the various outcomes which can be enjoyed by all the stakeholders vis-a-vis the process of the empowerment of ethnic communities and the development of culture based tourism in Surakata.According to the Intepretation-Based and Benefit-Oriented Model or (IBaBOM), both the community and the tourists will have knowledge of the history and culture of the ethnic community. The ethnic community as well as the surrounding communities will derive benefits or profits from the undertaking.

Determinants of CSR standards adoption: exploring the case of ISO 26000 and the CSR performance ladder in The Netherlands

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Moratis ◽  
Alice Tatang Widjaja
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Iso 26000 ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Standards Adoption ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Research Show

Purpose – This article aims to report on original empirical research on the comprehensive corporate social responsibility (CSR) standards International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26000 and the CSR Performance Ladder and identifies determinants for the adoption of CSR standards. In addition, it reviews and adds to literature on CSR standards adoption. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data were derived from interviews with CSR experts in The Netherlands. Findings – The findings of our research show that the demands and wishes of customers, the attitude of a company’s management, the market position of the standard-developing organization and several tangible and intangible characteristics of the standard itself are particularly relevant for the adoption of CSR standards. Research limitations/implications – The article aimed at reaching analytical generalization instead of statistical generalization and was focused on The Netherlands. Differences across industries and sectors were not taken into account in this exploratory study. Having said this, we still think the article provides valuable insights. Practical implications – Our research identifies “buttons” for policymakers trying to stimulate business to engage with CSR. It may help predict which CSR standards may surface as dominant and can also be used to inform the design and development of new CSR standards. Finally, it may also serve as input for (marketing) strategies by standardization organizations worldwide and other organizations that have taken CSR standardization initiatives as well as non-governmental organizations and even consultancies to spur the adoption of CSR standards as a means of CSR implementation. Originality/value – The article presents original empirical material on CSR standards adoption and contributes to the literature on this topic with insights on determinants’ CSR standards adoption.

Fundraising for life: the children's cancer center of Lebanon

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hala Khayr Yaacoub ◽  
Jessica El Kfoury ◽  
Elias Ayoub ◽  
Lea Rihana
Keyword(s):  
Development Program ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Unstable Part

Subject area Fundraising, Marketing Strategy. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and Postgraduate. Case overview Professional fundraising plays a key role in the operation and sustainability of various forms of organizations, particularly non-governmental organizations (NGOs). “Fundraising for Life” is the success story of a center that is totally dependent on fundraising to achieve its mission of lifesaving and treatment for children with chronic diseases regardless of their financial situation. This case sheds the light on the primary sources of contributions, the importance of an integrated development program, the mutual benefits of partnering with other entities and the challenges encountered in the fundraising endeavors in this developing and unstable part of the world. Expected learning outcomes The students will be able to explore the current practices used in fundraising as well as the marketing and communication strategies employed in nurturing and maintaining relations with potential donors and partners. They will also be able to explore the internal and external challenges and opportunities available for fundraisers. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

Hiring People with Disabilities as a CSR strategy in the Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ali Köseoglu ◽  
Alice Hon ◽  
Valentini Kalargyrou ◽  
Fevzi Okumus
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Barriers To Employment ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Csr Strategy ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

According to corporate social responsibility (CSR), firms should conduct activities focusing not only on the self-interest of the firm but also on benefitting society. Drawing on the CSR approach, this study investigates the barriers to employment for people with physical disabilities (PWPDs) in the Hong Kong (HK) tourism industry. Forty-seven human resources (HR) managers, directors, and members of the HK Hotel Association were interviewed. The main barriers to employing PWPDs include firms’ lack of intent to employ people with disabilities (PWDs), the physical layout of organizations, the lack of an HR management model related to PWDs, and the lack of communication between industry and related non-governmental organizations (NGOs) related to PWPDs.

Borders, conflict and security

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Local Residents

Purpose Border environments differ as foci for conflict discourse. While classic realist theories are used to account for mechanisms of securitized borders, socially oriented theories are often invoked to characterize relaxed borders. This distinguishing pattern regarding securitization reflects a deeply rooted focus on idealized borders, based on implicit expectations that relaxed borders are a viable option and goal for all. This orientation is prone to mistaken assumptions regarding local, national and regional interests and ultimately threatens delicately balanced states of stability. This paper aims to question this somewhat simplified categorization and posit that securitized borders are longstanding realities which warrant more complex theoretical conceptualization. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on documentary study and qualitative field research, mapping and evaluating Israel–Jordan cross-border interactions conducted during 2006-2014. Local civilian interactions were studied using three tools: interviews, non-participant observations and a sector-based analysis of original and secondary sources. In the course of research, many tours and observations of the border region were conducted, and key actors in Israel and Jordan were interviewed: entrepreneurs, local residents, local and national government officials, security personnel and representatives of non-governmental organizations involved in the administration and funding of normalization-promoting initiatives. Findings In light of internal and external security threats which challenge states and border regions in conflict environments and in normalized settings, there is increasing value in recognizing multi-level power relations (“bringing the state back in”) that design, inhibit and ultimately control the inevitability, circumstance and social–political effectivity of any cross-border interaction. Cross-border cooperation (CBC), which evolves gradually, monitored by the border regime and reflecting actual levels of inter-state political dialogue, is a slower yet safer option and a more realistic expectation for CBC, especially in regions of minimal communication between cross-border neighbors. In the backdrop of the Middle East turmoil, Israel and Jordan mark 20 years of peaceful relations, enjoying stability based on shared political and security interests, yet displaying no apparent tendency toward increased cross-border interaction. Given the stark differences in regimes and ongoing regional unrest, this securitized border fulfills local and regional needs and is far from a temporary “second-best” reality. Originality/value The analysis is based on original fieldwork and documentary study, mapping and evaluating Israel–Jordan cross-border interactions conducted during 2006-2014.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE AND COMPETITIVES ADVANTAGES: PERSPECTIVE OF RURAL TOURISM (STUDY ON TOURISM IN THE PROVINCE OF BALI INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1493-1500
Author(s):  
I Made WARDANA ◽  
◽  
I Putu Gde SUKAATMADJA ◽  
Ni Nyoman Kerti YASA ◽  
Made SETINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
The Government

Rural tourism is an interpretation of the development of culture-based and environmentally sustainable tourism and involves various stakeholders including local communities. Data were analyzed using the SEM-PLS, sample Research respondents numbered 192 including farmers, tourism industry players, village leaders, NGOs, academics and the government. The findings of this study are that community involvement in sustainable rural tourism has a positive and significant impact on efforts to build a comparative advantage of village tourism. Meanwhile, community involvement does not have a significant effect on efforts to build competitive advantage. Government involvement in sustainable rural tourism has no significant effect on efforts to build a comparative advantage of village tourism. Meanwhile, government involvement has a positive and significant effect on efforts to build a competitive advantage in rural tourism. The involvement of the private sector and non-governmental organizations has a positive and significant effect on sustainable rural tourism and the competitive advantage of rural tourism. Meanwhile, the involvement of the private sector and non-governmental organizations has no significant effect on the comparative advantage of rural tourism. The role of the Government involvement, the private sector must be linked with the non-governmental organizations self-help so that it has a positive impact towards the development of sustainable rural tourism.

THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF THE GMINA IN TOURISM POLICY IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 188-199
Author(s):  
Marcin Hyski
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
Tourism Policy ◽  
Tourist Economy

The aim of the article is to indicate the role and importance of the gmina as a special institution of the Polish tourism system in shaping the local tourism policy of the area. The article presents the concept and objectives of tourism policy, and describes the various entities of tourism policy in Poland and their tasks. Against this background, the article captures the gmina's tasks in the sphere of tourism together with the instruments of tourism policy that are at its disposal. The article uses a descriptive and qualitative analysis method that allowed to identify the role of the gmina in the tourism system in Poland. The analysis includes literature in the field of economic sciences, based additionally on legal acts related to the discussed issue. As an institution of the tourism system, the gmina has the task of satisfying the needs of the local community and stimulating local development, thanks to which it plays an important role in shaping the local tourism policy. The gmina has a wide range of activities on the local tourist economy. It should be emphasized that this is not an individual task of the gmina, although there is no doubt that it has a wide range of opportunities to influence this sphere of social and economic life. Tourism policy should be undertaken and implemented in cooperation with private sector entities conducting tourist activity, but also entities from outside the tourism industry (so-called paratourism entities) and their organizations and associations. Tourism policy should also be implemented together with other local government units, the area of which is covered by an initiative in the field of tourism development, including also higher-level entities (such as poviats and voivodships), as well as with local and regional tourist organizations and other non-governmental organizations. 

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES ON ENHANCING CULTURAL TOURISM: A CASE STUDY ON TABAKA SOAPSTONE CARVINGS IN KISII REGION, KENYA.

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Henry Nyamogosa ◽  
Michael Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Cultural Sites

Cultural Tourism is a growing phenomenon around the world. In Kenya, cultural tourism represents an important part of the tourism sector and largely depends on cultural heritage assets such as traditions, artifacts, and crafts, historical buildings, and gastronomy of host people. While marketing strategy can enhance the number of visitation and revenues to these sites, other strategies may be ineffective to meet the aims of the cultural sites. Investigating the effectiveness of marketing strategies on enhancing cultural Tourism should play a role in enhancing visitation levels. To this end, some authors have suggested marketing strategies for enhancing visitation levels in cultural sites; however, research on the effectiveness of marketing strategies in cultural sites is limited. To address this research gap, the research sought to examine the effectiveness of promotion, price, and brand awareness as marketing strategies on enhancing cultural tourism in Kenya using a case study on Tabaka soapstone carvings. The target population consisted of 300 tourists, 30 employees at the site, and management of the cultural site committee. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 60 tourists while 10 employees were selected through a proportionate sampling technique. Data was collected from both secondary and primary sources. However, the researcher relied mostly on primary sources as it was taken to be accurate as compared to secondary sources. The major tool for the collection of data from tourists and employees was structured questionnaire, while, data from the management was collected via interview. Analysis of data was done descriptively and presented by tables and figures. Limitations of the study were also explored and ethics considered in the study. The study found out that an inadequate number of tourists visiting the site were as a result of ineffective communication techniques employed. Tourism products and services were not presented well to tourists as it was promised to them thus leading to low satisfaction of tourists. They had also developed a perception that the price charged at the site was expensive. The study farther found out that tourists were unable to distinguish the cultural site from others due to unclear logos on site’s brochures, websites, and signboards. The study recommended that cultural site management should use websites and local radio stations to enable more target tourists to discover the site instead of tourists depending on friends and relatives as revealed by the study. Offers and discounts during weekdays should be encouraged to enhance visitation during such periods.

Advertising in a regulated economy: Swedish advertisements 1760-1800

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-506
Author(s):  
Sofia Murhem
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose The aim of this paper is to examine the nature of newspaper advertisements for goods in Stockholm newspapers in the 18th century by studying what goods were advertised, how frequently they were advertised and what marketing strategies were used. The findings are discussed in relation to results from other countries and the institutional context. Design/methodology/approach The primary sources used are three Swedish papers published in Stockholm, one national, Inrikes tidningar, and two local. Stockholms Weckobladh and Dagligt Allehanda. In all, more than 1300 advertisements were examined. In addition, a number of secondary sources were used. Findings In contrast to most other countries, the guilds held a firm grip on Sweden’s (and Stockholm’s) business life throughout the 18th century, and enforced strict restrictions on market entry. Thereby, competition was reduced, the number of tradesmen was more or less constant and the need for marketing was low. The guilds also restricted advertising. This led to marketing strategies being underdeveloped in comparison to other countries, which affected Swedish marketing and Swedish advertisements all through the 19th century. Marketing was a viable option in 18th century Sweden, but only for those not restricted by guilds and societies. Originality/value There has been very little research on 18th century Swedish marketing. The paper also illustrates the need for including the institutional context when discussing historical marketing, which often has been neglected for this period in the international literature.

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