scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING STRATEGIES ON ENHANCING CULTURAL TOURISM: A CASE STUDY ON TABAKA SOAPSTONE CARVINGS IN KISII REGION, KENYA.

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Henry Nyamogosa ◽  
Michael Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Cultural Sites

Cultural Tourism is a growing phenomenon around the world. In Kenya, cultural tourism represents an important part of the tourism sector and largely depends on cultural heritage assets such as traditions, artifacts, and crafts, historical buildings, and gastronomy of host people. While marketing strategy can enhance the number of visitation and revenues to these sites, other strategies may be ineffective to meet the aims of the cultural sites. Investigating the effectiveness of marketing strategies on enhancing cultural Tourism should play a role in enhancing visitation levels. To this end, some authors have suggested marketing strategies for enhancing visitation levels in cultural sites; however, research on the effectiveness of marketing strategies in cultural sites is limited. To address this research gap, the research sought to examine the effectiveness of promotion, price, and brand awareness as marketing strategies on enhancing cultural tourism in Kenya using a case study on Tabaka soapstone carvings. The target population consisted of 300 tourists, 30 employees at the site, and management of the cultural site committee. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 60 tourists while 10 employees were selected through a proportionate sampling technique. Data was collected from both secondary and primary sources. However, the researcher relied mostly on primary sources as it was taken to be accurate as compared to secondary sources. The major tool for the collection of data from tourists and employees was structured questionnaire, while, data from the management was collected via interview. Analysis of data was done descriptively and presented by tables and figures. Limitations of the study were also explored and ethics considered in the study. The study found out that an inadequate number of tourists visiting the site were as a result of ineffective communication techniques employed. Tourism products and services were not presented well to tourists as it was promised to them thus leading to low satisfaction of tourists. They had also developed a perception that the price charged at the site was expensive. The study farther found out that tourists were unable to distinguish the cultural site from others due to unclear logos on site’s brochures, websites, and signboards. The study recommended that cultural site management should use websites and local radio stations to enable more target tourists to discover the site instead of tourists depending on friends and relatives as revealed by the study. Offers and discounts during weekdays should be encouraged to enhance visitation during such periods.

An Integrated Tourism Model based on Local Identity for Ecological, Historical, and Cultural Tourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natapon Anusorntharangkul ◽  
Yanin Rugwongwan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Design ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Identity ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The objective of this paper is to study local identity and explore the potential for regional resources management and valuation of the historic environment a case study of the north-eastern provinces of Thailand, for guiding the tourism environmental design elements. The point of view has the goal creative integrate tourism model and product development from local identity embedded localism. This concept advocates the philosophy that tourism businesses must develop products and marketing strategies that not only address the needs of consumers but also safeguard the local identity. 

Makna Simbolis dan Filosofis Kuliner Tradisional pada Upacara Tradisi di Kudus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Sri Indrahti ◽  
Siti Maziyah ◽  
Alamsyah Alamsyah
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
Culinary Traditions ◽  
Depth Interviews

Kudus is an area rich in historical and cultural sites related to the spread of Islam. In several tombs of religious leaders in Kudus, there are still traditional ceremonies which are always complemented by various culinary traditions. What are the symbolic and philosophical meanings of each of the traditional culinary traditions in some ways related to the five prominent figures of Islam in Kudus? In writing this article the research begins with collecting data which includes the collection of primary and secondary sources such as literature, observation, participatory, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with informants from various elements. All data that has been collected through the various approaches above will then be classified, connected or accumulated between data from one another, linked between primary sources and library sources or secondary sources, as a form of interpretation and synthesized in order to obtain research results . The results of the study show that the symbolic and philosophical meanings of each culinary tradition in some traditional ceremonies relating to the characterization of Islamization in Kudus are closely related to the greatness of the figure itself. Based on the culinary tradition, it can be seen that the beliefs of the Kudus community still have a relationship with previous beliefs (pre-Islam).

scholarly journals Does eWOM affect Guests’ Experience Expectation? An Empirical Analysis within the Hotel and Tourism Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Mohammed Shobri ◽  
Lennora Putit ◽  
Amirah Ahmad Suki
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Resort Hotel

Nowadays, progressive developments in information technology and latest communication techniques have brought about increasingly significant variations in consumer behaviour. These changes have created a focused shift in companies’ business and marketing strategies. The hotel and tourism industry in particular, has been histrionically influenced by an electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) form of communication. This study aims to examine the extent to which e-WOM influences customer experience in a resort hotel setting. Using purposive sampling technique, a total of 135 usable online survey questionnaire feedbacks were collected from targeted respondents and subsequently used for data analyses. The data were analysed using SmartPLS software. Empirical results have revealed positive and significant relationships between e-WOM and all four dimensions of customer experience. The results emphasized the importance of e-WOM in the resort hotel industry and provided practical implications for the resort operators to enhance their guests’ level of expected experience.

scholarly journals A case study on Rural Marketing Strategies of MNCs using 6E framework in India and Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Dr. Alka Maurya
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Rural Markets ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Market

Multinational Companies in a bid to increase their revenue and profit are now eyeing the emerging markets. Considering the saturation in the urban market they are now targeting the consumers in rural markets of emerging economies. Lowering price by reducing the volume, customization, mass production are the strategies of the past, these companies have now come up with innovative strategies wherein they involve the rural population so that they help them in reaching to the customers in the remotest part of the country. This case study is an attempt to study the strategies used by the companies to reach the rural population and arrive at a framework used by the companies in India and Indonesia. The information is collected from the secondary sources to compile and analyze the strategies of leading MNCs to increasing their share in the emerging economies.

scholarly journals Setting Planning Standards for Public Facilities in a City: A Case Study of Ward 50 of Dhaka City Corporation

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
School Facilities ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Made In

Availability of different types of public facilities within an urban area is required to achieve specific objectives in urban planning. Planning standards are necessary in such cases to help achieve the adequacy and quality in services and facilities. To improve the situation in rapid and unplanned growth of Dhaka city both in terms of population and size, it demands a large amount of public facilities such as open spaces, playgrounds, schools, hospitals etc. School is an important public facility that requires setting standards and choosing appropriate locations. Standard of school facilities in an area depends upon factors such as, density of population, number of per family school going children, road network etc. This paper explores the existing facilities of primary and secondary schools for school going children in Ward 50 of Dhaka City Corporation. A series of field survey were conducted in order to collect information from primary sources, and standards on school facilities were collected from secondary sources. Based on the findings, suggestions on future planning of school facilities have been made in this paper. Finally, to justify the standards for schools facilities, DMDP planning standards are followed.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbip.v2i0.9577Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners Vol. 2, December 2009, pp. 169-178

scholarly journals Sectarian Crisis in Northern Nigeria: Case Study of Kaduna State (2007-2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Eze-Michael Ezedikachi. N
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Government

Sectarian crisis has been said to have erupted from groups with different ideological values and perspectives and had resulted into conflicts and brought about sectarian crisis especially in the northern Nigeria. The study examined the various causes of sectarian crisis in northern Nigeria, which included religious fundamentalism, religious extremism, and political manipulations. The study examined the effect of sectarian crisis in northern Nigeria with Kaduna state used for the case study. It was structurally analyzed with the use of quantitative method due to the nature of the research. The study developed fifteen (15) research questions, which were administered to 2 local government areas in Kaduna state namely Jema’a and Zagon kataf. Both primary and secondary data were used as sources of data. For primary sources data was gotten from the field work where research questionnaires were distributed and, for the secondary sources, data was gotten from journals, articles, published and unpublished books, libraries, works from the existing literature related to this study as well as from the internet. While the simple percentage technique was used in organizing and presenting the data collected. The data analysis revealed that sectarian crisis created ethnic differences and socio-economic problems. The study recommended that for sectarian crisis to be prevented, an elaborate process of depoliticizing ethnic groups must be put in place. The government also should take measures to shutdown religious group crisis by promoting peace and unity in the society. By this northern Nigeria will experience peace, oneness, good security and national Unity.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Patronage of Ecotourism Attractions in Enugu State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titus E. Amalu ◽  
O.O. Otop ◽  
Ugwu Oko ◽  
P.E. Oko-Isu
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Documented Information ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Rural Appraisal

This study focused on examining the spatial characteristics and the patronage pattern of attractions and eco-tourism products in Enugu State. Primary and secondary sources of data collection were used to elicit information for the study. The primary sources involved the use of questionnaire survey, interview sessions guided by participatory rural appraisal technique, telephone survey, direct field observation and the use of Geographic Information System techniques. The secondary sources involved the use of documented information in textbooks, journals and registry of eco-tourism attraction across the study area. Findings from the study indicate that forty-one (41) operational ecotourism attractions exist across the study location with the result of the nearest neighbor analysis of 0.93 revealing that ecotourism attractions were randomly distributed across the study area. The study also observed that a total of 6,360 visitors visited and patronized the attractions between 2013 and 2017 with domestic eco-tourists having 56% of the entire visits to the attractions while visits by international eco-tourists recorded 44% of the entire visits. Based on the findings, the study recommended that major stakeholders in the tourism industry (government, non-governmental organizations and host communities) should collaborate and corporate to create an enabling environment for more investment opportunities and organize more ecotourism activities in the area. The study also recommended that managers of ecotourism attractions should employ modern marketing strategies to help create more awareness about the ecotourism attractions and its facilities to the entire world.

scholarly journals Business Sustainability and Challenges of Climate Change in Nigerian Indigenous Automobile Companies. A case study of Innoson Motors Ltd, Nnewi, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Marcus Garvey Orji ◽  
Romanus Nduji
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Corporate Communications ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Smart Technologies

Business sustainability is one of the most important challenges of our time. Companies are integrating ideas of sustainability in their marketing, corporate communications, and in all their actions. It is for this reason that this study examined Business sustainability and challenges of climate change in Nigerian Indigenous Automobile Companies with particular emphasis on Innoson Motors Nnewi, Nigeria. The study is a survey research and data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The target population of the study was 258 employees of the company, and the sample size of 157 was obtained using Taro Yamani. The statistical tool used for data analysis was mean, standard deviation, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between sustainable profit, organizational workers, business opportunities and climate change in Innoson Motors, Nnewi Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that Companies should deploy smart technologies, Invest in new, more environmentally conscious technologies such as green data centre as source of cost reduction as well as competitive advantage; also for there to be a meaningful movement towards absolute emission reduction, companies must test the concept of a trade-off between economic performance and environmental responsibility.

scholarly journals Aspects of Human Security, Social Justice and Sustainable Development in Africa: Nigeria as a Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Dhikru Adewale Yagboyaju
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Poverty And Health

This paper analyzes the relationships between selected aspects of human security-poverty and health security, social justice and sustainable development in Nigeria, representing the African continent. Human security, an emerging paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities, is widely defined as consisting of seven key areas. However, the aspects of poverty and health security are selected for this study because of the overlapping effects on all the other aspects. Data for the conceptual and theoretical section of the paper are drawn from secondary sources and complimented by data from primary sources. These include events analyses by the author and content analyses of documents such as United Nations (UN) Human Development Index (HDI), Legatum Prosperity Index and Mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) for a selected period. Research methodology is case study based.The paper’s main finding centres on the levels of poverty and threats to health security that have confronted majority of ordinary Nigerians in the past two decades despite the country’s huge material endowments. In the light of this, the focus of knowledge in the country’s immediate and distant future should be human security and not state-centric security.

scholarly journals Managing the Incidence of Electoral Violence in Ghana’s Fourth Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Harrison Kofi Belley
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Process Factor ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Volta Region

Since the inception of the fourth republic in 1992 [1], Ghana has gone through seven major successive general elections and has received numerous commendations all over the world. Incidentally, all these elections were associated with electoral violence. This study aimed at studying the causes, nature, and effects of electoral violence in the Volta Region of Ghana. The objective of the study included how electoral violence affects the credibility of the electoral system and what measures the Electoral Commission (EC) and the stakeholders in the conduct of elections have put in place to address the occurrence of electoral violence in the Volta Region in particular. The study identified two broad factors as responsible for the occurrence of electoral violence. The first factor is the process factor that serves as immediate cause of an eruption of electoral violence. The second is the external factors which, also serve as fertile grounds for electoral violence to occur. The study used qualitative research design in gathering data. The study used purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews were conducted as the primary sources of data collection while secondary sources were gathered through existing documents, reports, textbooks, and internet search. The study recommended that EC should be professional in their electoral activities so that their actions would not serve as a spark of electoral violence.

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