scholarly journals The effect of washing procedure on the estimation of the in situ disappearance of amino acids from feed protein.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-724
Author(s):  
G. Hof ◽  
W.J.A. Kouwenberg ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Feed Protein

Soyabean meal and wilted grass silage were suspended in nylon bags in the rumen for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h and 0, 6, 24 and 48 h, respectively. Samples were then washed using the standard procedure, or standard washing, followed by soaking for 16 h in neutral detergent at 70 or 25 degrees C, followed by standard washing. The amino acid profile of the samples was determined by amino acid content in the original feed. Amino acids disappeared at a faster rate than non-amino acid N. Microbial contamination was only seen in the grass silage and its residues after incubation. None of the washing procedures effectively removed microbial contamination. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE OF A BASIDIOMYCETOUS EDIBLE MUSHROOM-LENTINUS SAJOR-CAJU

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Lata . ◽  
Narender Singh Atri
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content ◽  
Basidiomycetous Mushroom

Objective: In this paper amino acid profile of Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr., a basidiomycetous mushroom has been investigated.Methods: During the evaluation 15 amino acids (lysine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, cysteine, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and histidine) were determined from the dried sample of Lentinus sajor-caju by following the standard technique of biochemistry using ion-exchange chromatography.Results: The total amino acid content has been evaluated at 18.82 g/100g. Amongst the evaluated amino acids, exogenous amino acid lysine (6.66 g/100g) is preponderantly present in comparison to all other amino acids. The essential amino acid (EAA) index (44.64%) and biological value (BV=36.93%) has also been determined for the examined sample.Conclusion: Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr. is a potential source of quality protein with a substantial proportion of exogenous and endogenous amino acids.

scholarly journals Digestion of feed amino acids in the rumen and small intestine of dairy cows measured with nylon-bag techniques

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. van Straalen ◽  
J. J. Odinga ◽  
W. Mostert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Maize

The disappearance of total N, non-protein-N and amino acid-N after washing, rumen incubation and intestinal passage of sugarbeet pulp, maize-gluten feed, maize feed meal, palm kernel meal, soyabean hulls, soyabean meal, grass silage, maize silage and concentrate was measured in four dairy cows using nylon-bag techniques. Disappearance of amino acid-N after washing varied between feedstuff's from 14 to 69% of feed amino acid-N, and was lower than disappearance of non-protein-N. For sugarbeet pulp, grass silage and maize silage, washing had a considerable effect on the amino acid profile. Disappearance of amino acid-N after rumen incubation was also lower than non-protein-N and varied between feedstuffs from 25 to 73% of feed amino acid-N. Rumen incubation had only a small effect on the amino acid profile of the residue after washing. Disappearance of amino acid-N in the intestine varied between feedstuffs from 70 to 99% of rumen undegraded amino acid-N, and was higher than the disappearance of non-protein-N. Intestinal incubation showed a considerable effect on the amino acid profile for all feedstuffs. It was concluded that protein that was assumed to escape rumen degradation and was absorbable in the intestine was higher in amino acids and methionine, and lower in non-amino acid-N and glutamic acid and proline compared with protein in the feedstuff.

scholarly journals Rumen degradability and ileal digestibility of proteins and amino acids of feedstuffs for cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
Iveta Maskaľová ◽  
Vladimír Vajda ◽  
Marek Krempaský ◽  
Lukáš Bujňák
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Corn Gluten Feed ◽  
Gluten Feed

Knowledge of the profile of amino acids of the rumen-undegradable protein can help in the formulation of diets to provide amino acids that complement microbial protein as well as supply amino acids, which are most limiting for milk production. Three non-lactating cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used to determine the effect ofin siturumen degradation on crude protein and amino acid profile of rumen-undegraded protein of feedstuffs. The obtained values of rumen degradability of crude protein with significant difference (P< 0.001) between feeds ranged from 20.3 to 76.3% (mean 62.0 ± 17.9%) and values of total amino acids ranged from 30.9% in corn gluten meal to 83.8% in corn gluten feed (mean 67.5 ± 16.4%). Anin vitromodified 3-step method was used to determine intestinal digestibility. Intestinal digestibility of undegraded protein varied from 54.5 ± 1.4% in raw soybean to 95.2 ± 1.0% in corn gluten feed. The absorbable amino acid profile of rumen-undegraded protein for each feedstuff was compared with profiles of the original feedstuff and the rumen-exposed undegraded protein. Absorbable lysine (9.3 ± 1.1 g/kg of crude protein) was higher in products of soybean and sunflower cake. Corn gluten feed and meal supplied more absorbable methionine (3.6 ± 0.6 g/kg of crude protein). This study showed that the digestibility factor of crude protein and amino acid based onin situandin vitromethods for thermal treatment of protein feeds can be used in models to optimize the amino acid nutrition of dairy cows and expand knowledge about rumen degradability and ileal digestibility of amino acids in feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Postprandial nutrient-sensing and metabolic responses after partial dietary fishmeal replacement by soyabean meal in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Gen He ◽  
Kangsen Mai ◽  
Huihui Zhou ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Scophthalmus Maximus ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Soyabean Meal

AbstractIn this study, we chose a carnivorous fish, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), to examine its nutrient-sensing and metabolic responses after ingestion of diets with fishmeal (FM), or 45 % of FM replaced by soyabean meal (34·6 % dry diet) balanced with or without essential amino acids (EAA) to match the amino acid profile of FM diet for 30 d. After a 1-month feeding trial, fish growth, feed efficiency and nutrient retention were markedly reduced by soyabean meal-incorporated (SMI) diets. Compared with the FM diet, SMI led to a reduction of postprandial influx of free amino acids, hypoactivated target of rapamycin signalling and a hyperactivated amino acid response pathway after refeeding, a status associated with reduced protein synthesis, impaired postprandial glycolysis and lipogenesis. These differential effects were not ameliorated by matching an EAA profile of soyabean meal to that of the FM diet through dietary amino acid supplementation. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the FM diet and SMI diets led to distinct nutrient-sensing responses, which in turn modulated metabolism and determined the utilisation efficiency of diets. Our results provide a new molecular explanation for the role of nutrient sensing in the inferior performance of aquafeeds in which FM is replaced by soyabean meal.

scholarly journals The Proximate Composition, Amino Acid Profile and Chemical Indices in Five Freshwater Fishes from Tiga Dam Reservoir, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Audu Michael Elaigwu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dam Reservoir

Abstract The study assesses the proximate composition, amino acid profile and its content and chemical indices of the sun-dried Schilbe mystus, Bagrus bayad, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias anguillaris and Petrocephalus bane bane from Tiga Dam Reservoir, Nigeria. The proximate composition varied significantly (p<0.05) in all five species of fish and these ranged as follows: Moisture (4.79 - 9.52 g/100 g), Crude Protein (42.20 - 57.71 g/100 g), Ash Content (0.90 - 12.51 g/100 g), Ether Extract (3.41 - 9.93 g/100 g), Crude Fibre (0.62 - 5.08 g/100 g), Nitrogen Free Extract (12.28 - 42.70 g/100 g) and Dry Matter (90.48 - 95.21 g/100 g). The amino acid also differed significantly (p<0.05). The nine essential amino acids found in the five species of fish were Lysine (4.21 - 6.34 g/100 g), Histidine (1.96 - 4.30 g/100 g), Arginine (5.80 - 8.21 g/100 g), Threonine (1.93 - 5.05 g/100 g), Valine (2.91 - 5.53 g/100 g), Methionine (1.74 - 3.80 g/100 g), Isoleucine (2.04 - 3.37 g/100 g), Leucine (3.64 - 7.18 g/100 g) and Phynylalanine (1.90 - 4.23 g/100 g). Whereas, the eight non-essential amino acids included: Serine (2.12 - 5.22 g/100 g), Glutamic acid (13.24 - 16.30 g/100 g), Proline (3.12 - 6.29 g/100 g), Glycine (4.20 - 9.08 g/100 g), Alanine (5.00 - 6.36 g/100 g), Cysteine (0.94 - 1.24 g/100 g), Tyrosine (2.33 - 3.33 g/100 g) and Aspartic acid (6.34 - 11.01 g/100 g). P. bane bane was first in terms of crude protein; S. mystus had the highest lipid and essential amino acid content. Also, C. anguillaris recorded the highest calorific value and best amino acid content. Thus, P. bane bane can serve as a source of animal protein to balance deficiencies in humans. Both S. mystus and C. anguillaris can be used as a nutrient base for high energy food and oil in the food industry.

scholarly journals Fatty and amino acid profile of mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Igor Jajic ◽  
Aleksandra Popovic ◽  
Miroslav Urosevic ◽  
Sasa Krstovic ◽  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Scale Production

The yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L., Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is an edible insect, distributed worldwide and a convenient candidate for industrial-scale production. Mealworms could be commercially used for the substitution of conventional protein sources. In our previous study, it was found that T. molitor larvae predominantly contained crude protein (55.83%) and crude fat (25.19%), as well as low content of nitrogen-free extract (based on dry weight). Mealworm specimens were maintained in an incubator under controlled conditions in plastic containers. Insects were sieved and put into the container with boiling water and cooked for 180 seconds. Moisture content was determined as weight loss after drying of larvae. Amino acids were determined on an Agilent Technologies 1260 series HPLC system. Fatty acid composition was determined on a Thermo Scientific TRACE 1300 gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector using TR-FAME column. The results showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acid is very high, i.e. oleic acid (C18:1) formed the major lipid component in 40.83%, which was followed by linoleic acid (C18:2, omega-6 fatty acid) with 29.80% and linolenic acid (C18:3) with 1.08%. The essential amino acids are highly represented in the samples (in % dry matter). This primarily refers to isoleucine (4.12), tyrosine (3.86), phenylalanine (3.06), leucine (2.96), lysine (2.67) and methionine (1.76). The differences in essential fatty and amino acid content between our results and discussed literature data, could be the consequence of different substrates used for rearing of insects. After everything stated above, the biological value of T. molitor larvae proves that it could be suitable as animal feed.

scholarly journals Variation in protein and amino acids content among landraces of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Ángel Ramón Flores-Sosa ◽  
Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños ◽  
Anaberta Cardador-Martínez ◽  
José Luis Chávez-Servia ◽  
Araceli Minerva Vera-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

Native bean populations (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) provide bioactive and nutrient compounds; however, their amino acid profiles are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the protein content and amino acid profile of 46 native bean populations cultivated by small farmers in Oaxaca, Mexico, and compare them with that of commercial beans. Through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 16 amino acids were identified and quantified in all samples. The region of origin influenced the concentrations of amino acids. The Santa Lucia Miahuatlan populations stood out for their high content of isoleucine, threonine, methionine, arginine, serine, alanine, tyrosine, and cysteine. Amino acid content showed high variability among the populations; accessions labeled as FSLM22, FSLM27, FSLM28, and FSLM32 were enriched in aliphatic, hydroxylated, aromatic, acidic, and basic amino acids, while the FSLM14, FSLM17, and FSLM18 populations had the highest concentrations of sulfur amino acids. The FSLM01, FSLM22, FSLM27, FSLM28, FSLM30, and FSLM32 populations frequently displayed the highest concentrations of essential amino acids. The findings show that samples of native populations are highly variable in amino acid content due to the genetic characteristics of cultivated beans, environmental and agroecological influences, and crop management by farmers. The beans populations stood out can be used for direct use or a basis for the initiation of a breeding program.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID PROFILE ANALYSIS OF RED AND GREEN MELINJO PEELS TEA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
Raskita Saragih ◽  
◽  
Ermiziar Tamizi ◽  
Shinta Leonita ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Polyphenol Compounds ◽  
Thin Slices

The study aims to analyze the profile of non-essential and essential amino acids in the peels and herbal tea products made from red and green melinjo peels. The processing of melinjo seeds into chips in Pandeglang Regency in Banten Provence, produces large amounts of melinjo peels waste. The processed tea from red and green melinjo peels contains polyphenol compounds, antioxidants, protein and amino acids that are good for health. The processing stages of the melinjo peel tea by sorting the peels for red and green melinjo peels, then washed, made them into thin slices, and dried using an oven blower at 65oC of temperature for 4 hours. Both green and red melinjo peels tea were analyzed for the amino acid profile using the UPLC method. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the amino acid content of melinjo peels and melinjo peels tea, both green and red, consisted of 7 non-essential amino acids and 8 essential amino acids. L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid are the highest amino acid components which can give melinjo peels tea a characteristic aroma and taste.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Content in Onions as Potential Fingerprints of Geographical Origin: The Case of Rossa da Inverno sel. Rojo Duro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Ianni ◽  
Antonella Lisanti ◽  
Maura Marinozzi ◽  
Emidio Camaioni ◽  
Lucia Pucciarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Umbria Region ◽  
Starting Point

In the frame of a broader project, we were interested at comparing the amino acid profile in a specific variety of onion, Rossa da inverno sel. Rojo Duro, produced in two different Italian sites: Cannara (Umbria region) and Imola (Emilia Romagna region). In both places, onions were cultivated and harvested in the same way, and irrigated by water sprinkler method. A further group of Cannara onions, growth by microirrigation, was also evaluated. After the extraction of free amino acid mixture from onion samples, an ion-pairing RP-HPLC method allowed the separation and the evaporative light scattering detection of almost all underivatized proteinogenic amino acids. However, only the peaks corresponding to Leu, Phe, Trp, were present in all the investigated samples and unaffected from matrix interfering peaks. The application of the beeswarm/box plots with the ANOVA/TukeyHSD statistical approach revealed a content of Leu and Phe markedly influenced by the geographical origin of the onions, while not by the irrigation procedure. The developed HPLC method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, LOD and LOQ, accuracy and precision, before the quantitative assay of Leu, Phe and Trp in the onion samples. Although further studies are necessary, these preliminary findings can represent a good starting point for considering the quantity of specific amino acids in the Rossa da inverno sel. Rojo Duro variety as a fingerprint of its geographical origin. In principle, the developed approach might be applied to other onion varieties, thus contributing to their characterization and traceability, also contributing to limit commercial frauds.

Comparison and evaluation of protein evaluation systems currently in use in europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
W.M. van Straalen ◽  
C. Salaün
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
True Protein

In modern protein evaluation systems the protein unit (PU) of a feedstuff and the requirement of PU is expressed as true protein assumed to be absorbed from the small intestine. Total PU supply originates from feed protein escaping rumen degradation and from microbial protein synthesised in the rumen. Escape feed PU is calculated from crude protein (CP) multiplied by the escape CP fraction, amino acid content of escape CP and small intestinal digestibility of escape amino acids. Microbial PU is calculated from the energy source for microbial growth multiplied by the efficiency by which this energy is used for microbial CP synthesis, amino acid content of microbial CP and the digestibility in the small intestine of microbial amino acids.

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