scholarly journals Phosphorus contents in the soil in function of the modes of application of phosphate fertilizer in two crops in succession

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Gean Marcos Merten ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Alfredo Richart
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Local Factor ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Bean Crop

Tropical soils are naturally poor in phosphorus and, due to the strong interaction with mineral constituents, the ways of applying phosphate fertilizers can increase the efficiency of absorption by crops. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the distribution of P at different depths depending on the application of phosphate fertilizer in wheat and common bean crops grown in a Dystrophic Red Latosol from Toledo, western Paraná. The work was carried out under field conditions at the experimental unit of the Agronomy course at the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), Campus from Toledo. The block design was used in the case, in a scheme of sub-subdivided plots in the space, the first factor being the application mode, the second local factor (lines and between lines), and the third-factor sampling depth (0 – 5, 5 – 10, 10 – 15, 15 – 20 cm), and collections were carried out at seven points in each plot, in two consecutive years. The first soil collection was carried out after the wheat harvest, with soil samplings being performed to quantify the amount of P added to the soil. The soil samples were collected at seven points per plot, four between the lines and three in the sowing lines, in a straight line in each plot, the same procedure was performed after harvesting the bean crop and the second collection was carried out after the bean crop harvest, repeating the analyses, using the Mehlich-1 method. Phosphate fertilizer application modes did not influence P contents in the soil. The highest P contents were obtained at 0-5 cm depth, decreasing along the sampled depths.

scholarly journals USO DE BIOATIVADOR ASSOCIADO À DOSAGENS DE FERTILIZANTE FOSFATADO NA CULTURA DO MILHO

Nativa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
César Ferreira Santos ◽  
Renato Soares Oliveira ◽  
Sheila Isabel do Carmo Pinto
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Ear Number

Os gastos com fertilizantes representam a maior parte dos custos de produção de grãos no Brasil. Cerca de 70% dos fertilizantes fosfatados adicionados aos solos são indisponibilizados pela fixação de P em constituintes mineralógicos dos solos tropicais. Novas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas visando reduzir esta fixação por meio da utilização de bioativadores de solo e planta. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do bioativador e doses de fertilizante fosfatado sobre a produção do milho. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Bambuí em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições, totalizando quarenta unidades experimentais. Cada unidade experimental foi composta por quatro linhas de plantio com sete metros de comprimento, com espaçamento entre linhas de cinquenta centímetros. As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura das plantas, altura de inserção das espigas, diâmetro do colmo, comprimento da espiga, diâmetro da espiga, número de fileiras por espiga, número de grãos por fileira, massa de mil grãos, produtividade e os teores de P e K no solo. Nas condições em que o trabalho foi desenvolvido, observou-se que a adubação completa sem adição de bioativador proporcionou maior desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas de milho, no entanto, sem conversão em aumento de produtividade. Palavras-chave: fósforo; bioestimulante; produtividade.   Use of bioactivator associated to phosphate fertilizer doses in corn culture   ABSTRACT: Fertilizer expenditures represent the bulk of grain production costs in Brazil. About 80% of the phosphate fertilizers added to the soils are consumed by fixing P to mineralogical constituents of the tropical soils. New technologies have been developed to reduce this fixation through the use of soil and plant bioactivators. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the bioactivator and doses of phosphate fertilizer on maize production. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments and five replicates, totaling forty experimental units. Each experimental unit was composed of four planting lines with seven meters in length, spaced between lines of fifty centimeters. The variables evaluated were: plant height, ear insertion height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, mass of one thousand grains, productivity and P and K in soil. Under the conditions in which the work was developed, it was observed that the complete fertilization without addition of bioactivator provided greater vegetative development of the corn plants, however, without conversion in increase of productivity. Key words: phosphorus; biostimulant; productivity.

scholarly journals Biological and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizers Effect on Yield and P Accumulation in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid MADANI ◽  
Mohammad Ali MALBOOBI ◽  
Kioomars BAKHSHKELARESTAGHI ◽  
Agnieszka STOKLOSA
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Plant Seed Oil

A field experiment was conducted for investigation of different phosphorus fertilizer sources and their importance in rapeseed farms on 2007 at Arak, Iran. Ammonium phosphate fertilizer with 50% P2O5 (APF) was as chemical phosphorus sources with 3 rates of application and Phosphor solublizing bacteria (PSB) was as biological phosphorus surcease in 4 levels. Experiment was factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. APF levels were control (AP0), 125kg/ha APF (AP1) and 250kg/ha (AP2) application and PSB levels were, control (PSB0), PSB at sowing time only (PSB1), PSB as top dress fertilizer after over wintering only (PSB2) and PSB at dual fertilizing in sowing time and also after over wintering (PSB3). The statistical analyses were showed that the PSB3 treatment was a great treatment for increasing seed yield. The heist rate of seed yield was recorded at 9.9t/ha under dual fertilizing in sowing time and after rosette over wintering stage. The interaction effects of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and ammonium phosphate fertilizer application had not significant effect on plant height, biomass yield, number of silique per plant, seed oil percent and seed yield. Interaction effects of phosphorus solublizing bacteria and ammonium phosphate fertilizer application were significant for plant tissues phosphorus content.

scholarly journals Substrate and indolebutyric acid in the rooting of pomegranate cuttings collected in two seasons

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Kelly Pirola ◽  
Marcelo Dotto ◽  
Darcieli Aparecida Cassol ◽  
Alexandre Luis Alegretti ◽  
Américo Wagner Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Punica Granatum L

The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) presents potential for commercial exploitation as a fruit, ornamental or medicinal plant. However, for its usage in orchards, it is ideal that the seedlings come from vegetative propagation techniques. The aim of this work was to test the usage of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and substrates, at two harvesting times (before and after fruiting) in the cutting propagation of pomegranate. The work was carried out at UTFPR, Campus Dois Vizinhos. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (IBA concentration x substrate), with four replications and ten cuttings per experimental unit. IAB was tested at concentrations 0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg L-1. The used substrates were Red Latosol, medium textured sand, commercial substrate MecPlant® and a mixture of Red Latosol + sand + commercial (1:1:1, v/v). The cuttings were placed in beds in a screened protected environment, with 50% shading. Irrigation was performed three times a day for 30 min., by a micro sprinkler. After 60 days, rooting (%), cuttings with callus (%), number of primary leaf and root shoots, length of the three largest roots and percentage of dead cuttings were evaluated. Cutting presented itself as a potential technique to be adopted for pomegranate, using sand, with the use of IBA at concentrations between 1600 and 1750 mg L-1. Cuttings must be collected before fruiting. However, rhizogenesis close to 50% was achieved at the time after such phenological stage.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization at sowing on nutrition and yield of crambe in second season

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Genivaldo David de Souza-Schlick ◽  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Emerson de Freitas Cordova de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Nutrient Extraction ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The interest in crambe (Crambe abyssinica ) cultivation in Brazil is on the rise, whereas information on the nutrient requirements for this crop is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P2O5-K2O formula 8:28:16) fertilization (0, 150, and 300 kg ha-1) on crambe shoot biomass production, grain and oil yields, and nutrient extraction and exportation in the second growing season after soybean. The experiment with a Haplorthox (Dystroferric Red Latosol) was carried out for two years in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized complete block design with eight replications was used. Fertilization with NPK at sowing increased the shoot biomass production, grain yield, grain oil content, as well as nutrient extraction and exportation at harvest. In the fertilized treatments, the average amounts of nutrients extracted per hectare were 91 kg K, 71 kg N, 52 kg Ca, 9.4 kg P, 9.4 kg Mg, 7.9 kg S, 2,348 g Fe, 289 g Zn, 135 g Mn, and 18.2 g Cu; while the average values of nutrient exportation per hectare were 54 kg N, 20 kg K, 12.3 kg Ca, 10 kg P, 6.6 kg S, 3.2 kg Mg, 365 g Zn, 60 g Fe, 50 g Mn, and 7.3 g Cu, with NPK fertilizer application.

scholarly journals Nutrient accumulation in the shoots of physic nut grown in two edaphoclimatic conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sávio Coelho Magalhães ◽  
Enilson De Barros Silva ◽  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
Thassio De Menezes Reis ◽  
Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Set Up

The possibility of using physic nut oil as an alternative energy source indicates that it is necessary to carry out studies concerning the absorption and accumulation of nutrients in the distinct phases of development of the crop for the appropriate management of fertilizer application. Given this information, this study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of nutrients in the shoots of physic nut plants, as well as to identify critical nutrient uptake by this crop. The experiments were set up independently in two different locations, from May 2010 to March 2013, and using the same procedures. The locations were characterized as follows: dystrophic Red Latosol in the municipality of Curvelo, MG; typical Quartzarenic Neosol in the municipality of Diamantina, MG. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates, the treatments being the evaluation times of the physic nut plants in both experiments. The collection times were every 30 days from planting of the seedlings in the field for a period of 1036 days, corresponding to 36 evaluations. After collection, the samples were prepared and submitted to chemical analysis of the nutrient content of the plant material. The contents were reported as nutrient content of the leaves, stems and fruit of physic nut plants. According to the results, it can be concluded that nutrient accumulation was higher in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Curvelo compared to the conditions of Diamantina. The concentration of macronutrients was in the following order: K > Ca > N > P > S > Mg in Diamantina and N > Ca > K > P > Mg > S in Curvelo. Accumulation of micronutrients in the shoots at 1036 days after planting physic nut seedlings in the field was in the following order: Mn > B > Fe > Zn > Cu in Diamantina and Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu in Curvelo.

Influence of a BactoFil microbiological preparation on the intensity of infection by Rhizoctonia solani and the effects on sugar beet yield and quality

2012 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Suzana Kristek ◽  
Andrija Kristek ◽  
Dragana Kocevski ◽  
Antonija K. Jankovi ◽  
Dražen Juriši
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Set Up

The experiment was set up on two types of the soil: Mollic Gleysols (FAO, 1998) and Eutric Cambisols where the presence of pathogenic fungi – sugar beet root decay agent – Rhizoctonia solani has been detected since 2005. In a two year study (2008, 2009), the experiment was set up by completely randomized block design in 4 repetitions and 16 different variants. Two beet varieties, Belinda, sensitive to pathogenic fungi R. solani, and Laetitia, tolerant to pathogenic fungi R. solani), were grown. The microbiological preparation BactoFil was applied in different amounts in autumn and spring. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer application, based on the results of soil analysis, was varied. The following parameters were tested: amount of infected and decayed plants, root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses and sugar yield. The best results were obtained by applying the microbiological preparation BactoFil, and by 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Preparation dosage and time of application depended on soil properties.

159 Evaluation of Bacillus Subtilis PB6 Probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500) on Feedlot Phase Growth Performance, Efficiency of Dietary Net Energy Utilization, and Fecal and Subiliac Lymph Node Salmonella Prevalence

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 119-120
Author(s):  
Zachary K Smith ◽  
Paul Rand R Broadway ◽  
Keith Underwood ◽  
Warren C Rusche ◽  
Julie Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Fecal Samples

Abstract Yearling beef steers (n = 238; initial BW=402 ± 31.2 kg) were used to evaluate a Bacillus subtilis probiotic on growth performance, dietary net energy (NE) utilization, carcass characteristics, and fecal and subiliac lymph node Salmonella prevalence during a 140-d finishing period. Steers were allotted to 24 pens (n = 9 to 10 steers/pen) and assigned to one of two treatments (12 pens/treatment): no probiotic (CON) or 0.50 g·steer-1·d-1 of a Bacillus subtilis PB6 probiotic (CLOSTAT® 500, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA; CLO). Steers were transitioned to a 90% concentrate diet (DM basis) over 14-d. Steers were fed once daily at 0700 h; bunks were managed according to a slick bunk management. Fecal samples were collected on d 1, 28, 56, 112, and 140 from each pen (n = 5 steers/pen) via rectal palpation and composited by pen for determination of Salmonella prevalence. Upon harvest, subiliac lymph nodes were obtained from 60 steers in CON and 57 steers in CLO. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design; pen was the experimental unit; α of 0.05 determined significance. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.25) between treatments for live or carcass-adjusted average daily gain, dry matter intake, gain efficiency, dietary NE utilization, nor calculated dietary NE content based upon performance. No differences were detected between treatments for any carcass traits (P ≥ 0.15). Salmonella was not recovered in any fecal samples except on d 112, where steers from CLO had a numerically lower (P = 0.17; 8.3 vs. 25.0%) incidence of fecal Salmonella compared to CON and on d 140 fecal, where Salmonella incidence did not differ (P = 0.34; 0.0 vs. 8.3%) for CON and CLO, respectively. Salmonella was not recovered in any subiliac lymph nodes. These data indicate that CLO did not influence growth performance or Salmonella prevalence.

scholarly journals 251 Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Calvin Gibbons ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
Galen E Erickson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Algae Oil

Abstract Algae oil production for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation yields a byproduct called Condensed Algal Residue Solubles (CARS; 25.4% DM, 19.3% CP, 8.3% Fat, 9.96% Na on DM basis), de-oiled algae cells with residual fermentation substrates. This study evaluated the use of CARS in feedlot finishing diets. Crossbreed steers, (n=480) were blocked and stratified by initial body weight (BW) into 4 blocks, and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments were designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of CARS (0, 2.5, 5% of diet DM) and 2 different base diets representing Northern and Southern Great Plains diets. The Southern diets contained steam flaked corn and dry distillers grains while the Northern diets had dry rolled and high moisture corn with wet distillers grains. CARS replaced corn in both diets. All blocks were harvested after 148 days on feed. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized block design with CARS inclusion, base diet, and interactions as fixed effects, BW block as a random effect and pen (n=48) as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of CARS inclusion. There were no significant interactions between CARS inclusion and diet type (P ≥ 0.49). Main effects of CARS indicated positive quadratic responses for carcass adjusted ADG, G:F, 12th rib back fat, yield grade (P < 0.01; increasing to 2.5% inclusion, decreasing at 5%) and hot carcass weight was both linear and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≥ 0.06 respectively; 969, 977, 935 as CARS increased). Linear decrease in DMI, final adjusted BW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01) as CARS increased. Cattle fed the Southern diets had greater ADG and G:F compared to Northern diets (P < 0.01). Including 2.5% CARS in the diet improved feed efficiency in both Northern and Southern based feedlot diets.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Godebo ◽  
Fanuel Laekemariam ◽  
Gobeze Loha
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

scholarly journals Effects of selenium (Se) application and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation on soybean (Glycine max) and forage grass (Urochloa decumbens) development in oxisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Marx Bamberg ◽  
Silvio Junio Ramos ◽  
Marco Aurelio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
José Oswaldo Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Fertilizer application can enhance the nutritional value of plants, such effects being influenced by the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Nutrients × AMF interactions are well-known for variety of elements but very little has been addressed on biofortification of selenium (Se) in plants grown in tropical soils. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Se application and AMF inoculation on growth and micronutrient contents on soybean plants as forage grass. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with five Se doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg kg-1 for soybean plants, and 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 and 6.0 mg kg-1 for forage plants), with and without AMF inoculation in three replicates. The results showed that soil Se had only slight effect on soybean growth but it caused a two-fold increase on grain yield. However, the growth of forage grass was enhanced by Se application when AMF was present. The AMF inoculation reduced benefit for soybean growth and yield but marked positive effect on forage grass at high doses of Se. Selenium contents in both plants were increased by its application in soil, being such effect proportional to soil applied doses. Selenium application and AMF inoculation had marked effects on micronutrients contents in both soybean plants and forage grass and they may contribute to Se and micronutrient biofortification.

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