scholarly journals Comparative study of centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants nitrazepam and thiocolchicoside in Albino mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Suresh Babu Sayana ◽  
Yamuna Sampathirao ◽  
Baswaraj Munge ◽  
Sachidananda Moorthy ◽  
Kodandaramu Burli
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Speed Group ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are a heterogeneous group of drugs. As a group, they are structurally and pharmacologically diverse. Skeletal muscle relaxants are usually used as adjunct therapy when initial therapy fails. They are commonly used to treat fibromyalgia, low back pain, neck pain, tension head ache, myofascial pain and muscle spasm.Methods: There were 28 mice were randomly divided into seven groups, each group consists of 4 mice. Group 1(Control): Mice were treated with normal saline and placed on rotating rod with a speed of 18 rpm (ideal speed). Group 2 (Standard-S1): Mice were treated with Nitrazepam at the dose of 2mg/kg body weight and placed on rotating rod. Group 3 (Standard-S2): Mice were treated with Nitrazepam at the dose of 3mg/kg body weight and placed on rotating rod. Group 4 (Standard-S3): Mice were treated with Nitrazepam at the dose of 4mg/kg body weight and placed on rotating rod. Group 5 (Test-T1): Mice were treated with Thiocolchicoside at the dose of 2mg/kg body weight and placed on rotating rod. Group 6 (Test-T2): Mice were treated with Thiocolchicoside at the dose of 3mg/kg body weight and placed on rotating rod. Group 7 (Test-T3): Mice were treated with Thiocolchicoside at the dose of 4mg/kg body weight and placed on rotating rod.Results: In this model inter drug comparisons were carried out with nitrazepam and thiocolchicoside. It was found that both nitrazepam and thiocolchicoside produced central muscle relaxant effect when assessed by rotarod. On iter drug comparision of nitrazepam and thiocolchicoside it was found that by increasing concentration of drug, increased the muscle relaxant property.Conclusions: When assessed by rotarod, it was found that both nitrazepam and thiocolchicoside demonstrated muscle relaxant property but with increased doses of thiocolchicoside produced more muscle relaxant property than the increase in doses of nitrazepam.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF YOUNGS DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Асемгул Бактыгалиева ◽  
Asemgul Baktygalieva ◽  
Киниспай Джуламанов ◽  
Kinispai Dzhulamanov ◽  
Андрей Ухтверов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
White Cattle ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
Meat Productivity

The research aim is increasing the potential of meat productivity of young Shagatay Zavodska type of livestock based on a heterogeneous selection of Shagatay cows with bulls – Ural type of hereford. The experience carried out on the breeding farm «Sabit» in West Kazakhstan region according to the scheme: group 1 – bull, group 2 – castrated males, group 3 – heifers of Shagatay breed of Kazakh white cattle and hybrids from crossing Shagatay cows with bulls of Ural Hereford, group 4 – bulls, 5 group – castrated males, 6 group – heifers. Groups were formed on the principle of analogues of 12 animals. Bulls by the age of 15 months of the Ural hereford reached the highest body weight and surpassed shagatai peers taking into account this selection feature in regard to sex by 20.4 kg. In castrates at the age of 18 months, this difference was in favor of the youngsters of group 5 and was 23.0 kg. Heter-ogeneous selection had a positive impact on the important productive qualities by heifers. Youngsters of group 6, born due to servicing bulls of the Ural Hereford, dominated in weight in regard to all analyzed periods. The contents of lizo the meyerhold centre in both winter and summer was greater at animal – hybrids of the Ural hereford and Shagatay animals, winter amount was 0,45-0,94 µg/ml in the summer – from 0.06 to 1.97 µg/ml. Significantly lower bactericidal activity of blood serum and slightly increased amount of lysozyme was shown by hybrids from the Ural hereford in the winter. Regardless of gender, the greatest consumption of both protein (8-41 g) and energy (0.48-2.54 MJ) per unit of body weight gained was characterized by descendants from parents of the Shagatai type of Ka-zakh white-headed breed. Hybrids the offspring of the Ural hereford – used crude protein in feeding more often for the synthesis of dietary protein.

ACTIVITY OF ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE ISOENZYMES WITH RELATION TO BODY WEIGHT AND PYRIDOXAL 5′-PHOSPHATE ACTIVITY IN THE MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA-SUSCEPTIBLE PIG

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. DOIZÉ ◽  
I. ROUX ◽  
L. DeROTH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptible ◽  
Key Words Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

The objective of the present study was to demonstrate in pigs the influence of halothane susceptibility on the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and its isoenzymes (m-AST and c-AST) during the postweaning period. Furthermore, the effects of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) addition to the reaction mixture was also investigated. Seven different body weight levels were considered (group 1, 10–20 kg; group 2, 21–30 kg; group 3, 31–40 kg; group 4, 41–50 kg; group 5, 51–60 kg; group 6, 61–70 kg; group 7, more than 70 kg). The halothane challenge test was used to determine the MH susceptibility. Significantly greater plasma total AST activity (P < 0.05) was found in the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible (SMH) pigs compared to the resistant (RMH) for body weight groups 4 and 7. The addition of PLP enhanced the activity of AST on an average of 28%, and a significant difference between SMH and RMH was found in body weight group 4. m-AST was not affected by growth and similar values were found in both RMH and SMH groups of pigs. The addition of PLP enhanced the m-AST activity by an average of 35%. The activity of c-AST and c-AST-PLP showed a similar pattern to that of total AST with or without the coenzyme. Plasma of SMH and RMH pigs contain some apoenzyme which can be reactivated by PLP. Overall, AST and c-AST are significantly higher in SMH pigs and their activities correlate with body weight. Key words: Malignant hyperthermia, pig, AST-isoenzyme

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant property of Pregabalin and Gabapentin in albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma V. Naidu ◽  
Vibha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

Background: Skeletal muscle relaxants are the drugs which reduce unwanted spasm without interfering with consciousness and voluntary movements. The centrally acting muscle relaxants like Diazepam, is known to be GABA mimetics and other antiepileptics like Gabapentin and Pregabalin also act through the release of GABA. This study is done to investigate skeletal muscle relaxant property of these drugs in comparison to Diazepam.Methods: T Models used in the experiment are Grip Strength Test, Rota Rod Method, Beam Walk Test, Photoactometer Test. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each: Group 1: Control group treated with normal saline (0.1 ml/10gm), Group 2: Standard-15mg/kg of Diazepam, Group 3:T1-60 mg/kg of Gabapentin, Group 4:T2-10 mg/kg of Pregabalin, Group 5:T3-60 mg/kg of Gabapentin+Diazepam, Group 6:T4- 10 mg/kg of Pregabalin+Diazepam. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for each group. One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons followed by post hoc Tukey’s test for statistical significance between the groups.Results: Treatment with the above test drugs produced significant muscle relaxation and caused decreased fall off, sliding time, increase climbing time and decreased locomotor activity in all models indicating motor incoordination. The results obtained from both standard and test groups showed a highly significant difference in muscle relaxation when compared with the control group.Conclusions: The test drugs showed skeletal muscle relaxant property in rats comparable to Diazepam. In view of these results, it can open a new avenue for these drugs to be used as skeletal muscle relaxants after conducting clinical trials.

scholarly journals Impact of Diamond Nanoparticles on the Efficiency of Vinblastine against Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma in Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz M. AL-Ahmari ◽  
Salim M. El-Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Creatinine Kinase ◽  
Diamond Nanoparticles ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Solid Carcinoma ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Blood Specimens

Aim: This investigation pointed to estimate skeletal muscle efficiency of diamond nanoparticles in enhancing Vinblastine (VBL) effects.  Methodology: One hundred Albino mice, weighing (23- 28 grams) were utilized in this research, after a week of habituation, the mice were divided into five groups at random (20 mice each). Group 1 (control) obtained distilled water infusions, Group 2 (ESC group) injected Ehrlich cells via intramuscular infusion (IM), and Group 3 (ESC+VBL group) gained Vinblastine only, Group 4 (ESC+VBL+ND) received an IM injection of Vinblastine loaded on diamond nanoparticles and Group 5 (ESC+VBL+CS+ND) received IM administration of Vinblastine stacked on Chitosan with nanodiamond. Finally, blood specimens were taken. Serum was obtained to measure Asparaginase aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, and Creatinine kinase. The muscle was removed and observed under a light microscope.   Results: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Creatinine kinase levels in the blood were elevated in ESC than in normal and treated groups. Levels of these enzymes were enhanced after treatment of VBL, diamond nanoparticles and chitosan.  Conclusion: Nanodiamond are influenced in the VBL delivery system for the therapy of Ehrlich Solid carcinoma in mice models. The embattled VBL liberates tumor cells and reduced the side effect of VBL on skeletal muscle.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Defensive activity of Hesperidin against Ciprofloxacin induced hepatic injury in rabbits.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawraa M. Murad ◽  
Tamadhur Hani Hussein ◽  
Audai Sulaiman Khudhair ◽  
Manal Muhi Murad ◽  
Jawad Kadhim Faris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Defensive Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

This study was conducted to find out hepatoprotective activity of hesperidin (HES) 100mg/kg body weight (b.w.) against ciprofloxacin (CPX) 100 mg/kg induced hepatotoxicity in local breed rabbits .CPX is a broad spectrum antibiotic used for treatment of many bacterial infections. Twenty four male rabbits were divided into four groups ,group1: control, (1 ml/kg Saline orally) group 2: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) for (14) consecutive days , group 3: HES (100 mg//kg) orally for (14) consecutive days group 4: CPX (100 mg/kg orally) plus HES (100 mg//kg orally ) for (14) consecutive days. All the rabbits were killed on the (15) day of the experiment, and then the blood, and livers samples were taken. CPX induced hepatotoxicity was proved by a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in the body weight ,and a significant (p less than 0.01) increased serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) , Malonaldehyde enzyme (MAD) and histopathological changes. Protective hepatic toxicity effect and oxidative damage caused by CPX significantly (p less than 0.01) increasing in body weight and significantly (p less than 0.01) decreasing AST , ALT, MAD and improving tissue morphology in HES (100 mg//kg) . These results assure that HES (100 mg//kg) antioxidant effects can protect CPX-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits.

Does Perioperative Hemoglobin A1c Level Affect the Incidence, Pattern and Mortality of Lower Extremity Amputation?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Hassan Al-Thani ◽  
Moamena El-Matbouly ◽  
Maryam Al-Sulaiti ◽  
Noora Al-Thani ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Extremity Amputation ◽  
Group 1

Background: We hypothesized that perioperative HbA1c influenced the pattern and outcomes of Lower Extremity Amputation (LEA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted for all patients who underwent LEA between 2000 and 2013. Patients were categorized into 5 groups according to their perioperative HbA1c values [Group 1 (<6.5%), Group 2 (6.5-7.4%), Group 3 (7.5-8.4%), Group 4 (8.5-9.4%) and Group 5 (≥9.5%)]. We identified 848 patients with LEA; perioperative HbA1c levels were available in 547 cases (Group 1: 18.8%, Group 2: 17.7%, Group 3: 15.0%, Group 4: 13.5% and Group 5: 34.9%). Major amputation was performed in 35%, 32%, 22%, 10.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Results: The overall mortality was 36.5%; of that one quarter occurred during the index hospitalization. Mortality was higher in Group 1 (57.4%) compared with Groups 2-5 (46.9%, 38.3%, 36.1% and 31.2%, respectively, p=0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that poor glycemic control (Group 4 and 5) had lower risk of mortality post-LEA [hazard ratio 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.93) and hazard ratio 0.46 (95% CI 0.31-0.69)]; this mortality risk persisted even after adjustment for age and sex but was statistically insignificant. The rate of LEA was greater among poor glycemic control patients; however, the mortality was higher among patients with tight control. Conclusion: The effects of HbA1c on the immediate and long-term LEA outcomes and its therapeutic implications need further investigation.

scholarly journals Association between serum oestradiol level on the hCG administration day and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET among 3659 singleton live births

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wanyu Zhang ◽  
Yihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ivf Et ◽  
Group 1

AbstractOestradiol, an important hormone in follicular development and endometrial receptivity, is closely related to clinical outcomes of fresh in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. A supraphysiologic E2 level is inevitable during controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH), and its effect on the outcome of IVF-ET is controversial. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the association between elevated serum oestradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET cycles. The data of 3659 infertile patients with fresh IVF-ET cycles were analysed retrospectively between August 2009 and February 2017 in First Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Patients were categorized by serum E2 levels on the day of hCG administration into six groups: group 1 (serum E2 levels ≤ 1000 pg/mL, n = 230), group 2 (serum E2 levels between 1001 and 2000 pg/mL, n = 524), group 3 (serum E2 levels between 2001 and 3000 pg/mL, n = 783), group 4 (serum E2 levels between 3001 and 4000 pg/mL, n = 721), group 5 (serum E2 levels between 4001 and 5000 pg/mL, n = 548 ), and group 6 (serum E2 levels > 5000 pg/mL, n = 852). Univariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent correlation between each factor and outcome index. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding factors. The LBW rates were as follows: 3.0% (group 1), 2.9% (group 2), 1.9% (group 3), 2.9% (group 4), 2.9% (group 5), and 2.0% (group 6) (P = 0.629), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of neonatal LBW among the six groups. We did not detect an association between peak serum E2 level during ovarian stimulation and neonatal birthweight after IVF-ET. The results of this retrospective cohort study showed that serum E2 peak levels during ovarian stimulation were not associated with birth weight during IVF cycles. In addition, no association was found between higher E2 levels and increased LBW risk. Our observations suggest that the hyper-oestrogenic milieu during COS does not seem to have adverse effects on the birthweight of offspring after IVF. Although this study provides some reference, the obstetric-related factors were not included due to historical reasons. The impact of the high estrogen environment during COS on the birth weight of IVF offspring still needs future research.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

THE EFFECTS OF SLAUGHTER WEIGHT AND SEX ON THE COOKING LOSSES FROM AND PALATABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF PORK LOIN CHOPS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
G. M. WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Practical Standpoint ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Pork Loin ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A total of 130 barrows and 113 gilts were slaughtered over a range of liveweights from 65.6 to 143.9 kg. These animals were randomly assigned to six different liveweight groups (group 1, less than 79.5 kg; group 2, 79.5 through 93.1 kg; group 3, 93.2 through 106.7 kg; group 4, 106.8 through 120.4 kg; group 5, 120.5 through 134.0 kg; and group 6, 134.1 kg and over) and utilized to evaluate the effects of slaughter weight and sex on palatability and cooking properties. The composite results indicated that the slaughter weight of both barrows and gilts can, from a practical standpoint, be increased to take advantage of potential economic advantages without meaningfully altering cooking losses or palatability attributes. Key words: Pork, slaughter weight, sex, palatability, cooking losses

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document