scholarly journals Surgical site infection in benign abdominal gynaecological surgeries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3870
Author(s):  
Haritha Kizhakke Kodiyath ◽  
Kunnath Ramakrishnan ◽  
Kadaviparambil Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Host Defense System ◽  
Old Evidence

Background: Surgical site infection is the commonest complication after gynecological surgeries. Limited studies have been done in India to know the magnitude of the problem. This study aims to know the incidence of surgical site infection, analyze the risk factors and identify the causative organisms.Methods: A prospective observational study .All women who underwent abdominal surgeries for benign pathologies in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government medical college, Thrissur from April 2016 to March 2017, were included in the study women more than 80 years old, evidence of infection preoperative or within 48 hours of surgery, laparoscopy procedures unless combined with open surgeries and emergency surgeries were excluded.Results: The incidence of SSI was found to be 7.9%. Re suturing had to be done in 24 patients. The risk factors found to be significant were age more than 50 years ,patients with education <7th std, diabetes, BMI>30,pre hospital stay >10 days, ASA score >3, duration of surgery >2 hours and peri-operative blood transfusion. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common causative organism and was sensitive to amikacin, vancomycin, cloxacillin and its combinations.Conclusions: SSI pose a significant problem in the post operative period that can affect recovery. It was associated with multiple predisposing factors which could be prevented if these risk factors are identified early and appropriate measures are adopted to support host defense system in the peri operative time. 

scholarly journals Incidence, risk factors and Microorganisms for post caesarean Surgical Site Infection In A Tertiary Care Centre in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Shahfinaz Mehzabin ◽  
Mohmmad Mahbub Elahi ◽  
Debashish Bar ◽  
Banalata Sinha ◽  
Tahmina Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
History Of

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication following caesarean section (C-section) and mainly responsible for increased maternal morbidity and higher treatment costs. This study will determine the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections following caesarean section in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH). Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study which was conducted among patients having post caesarean surgical site infections attending post-natal outdoor clinic of DMCH from January, 2019 to December, 2019. Data were collected in structured questionnaire. Culturebased microbiological methods were used to identify causal agents in postoperative wounds. Results: Overall SSI rate following caesarian section was 4.44%.Patient related risk factors were inadequate antenatal check-up, emergency procedures, malnutrition (22.44%), anaemia (21.46%) associated comorbidity (59.46%), history of rupture membrane >12 hours (40.98%) and had history of prolonged labour pain >12 hours (16.10%).Surgery related risk factors were repeated per vaginal examinations by untrained birth attendant (21.95%) & duration of surgery>1 hour (62.93%). The most common organisms responsible for SSI were Staphylococcus aureus 44(21.46%) and Escherichia coli 31(15.12%). The most sensitive antibiotics were aminoglycosides, cephalosporin & cloxacillin. Conclusion: Most of the risk factors for surgical site infection following caesarean section identified in this study can be modified through intervention. However the microorganisms detected from our patient showed a high degree of resistance for commonly prescribed antimicrobials in our set-up. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.2, October, 2019, Page 136-141

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors for surgical site infection following caesarean section

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4518
Author(s):  
Aditi Sangwan ◽  
Vani Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Emergency Caesarean ◽  
Group I ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Wound Discharge ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Assessment of surgical site infection is an important factor to determine the functioning of the health care system. Objectives of this study was to estimate the incidence of surgical site infection among caesarean section cases and to determine the risk factors associated with surgical site infection and comparison with patients having healthy wounds.Methods: One thousand pregnant women who underwent caesarean section were divided into two groups: Group 1 (cases): Those who had SSI within 30 days of caesarean section and Group 2 (controls): Those who didn’t have SSI.Results: Mean age of group I was 25.35±4.40 and 21.12±3.60 years in group II (p >0.05). Mean gestational age of group I cases was 38.07±1.88 weeks and in group II, it was 38.17±2.06 weeks (p >0.05). A total of 37 (82.5%) women in group I and 931 (96.98%) women in group II underwent emergency caesarean section (p <0.05). In group I, mean duration of surgery was 1.0±0.13 hours and 1.02±0.21 hours in group II (p <0.05). Maximum number of patients i.e. 22 (55%) had wound discharge between 4-7 days followed by 11 (27.5%) between 8-10 days. Mean wound discharge was 7.32±3.45 days in group I. Majority of women, i.e. 27 (67%) found to be sterile in the present study followed by 7 (17.5%) women were found to have staphylococcus aureus.      Mean duration of resuturing was 17.42±6.98 days.  Mean baby weight in group I was 2.72±0.53 kg and in group II it was 2.95±0.53 kg (p <0.001).Conclusions: Risk of developing SSI after caesarean section is multi-factorial and found to be influenced by emergency surgery, PROM, pre-operative anaemia, multiple vaginal examinations, interrupted skin suturing, raised BMI, nulliparity, emergency caesarean, duration of surgery.

scholarly journals Irrigation Versus Suction Alone During Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Tae Gyeong Lee ◽  
Soomin Nam ◽  
Hyung Soon Lee ◽  
Jin Ho Lee ◽  
Young Ki Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Postoperative Complication ◽  
Laparoscopic Appendectomy ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis

Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of peritoneal irrigation versus suction alone during laparoscopic appendectomy and to identify the risk factors of surgical site infection in patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis.Methods: Data from patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis between January 2014 and March 2016 were reviewed. We compared the irrigation and suction alone groups with regard to the following parameters: postoperative complication incidence rate, length of hospital stay, operation time, time to flatus, time to diet commencement, and duration of postoperative antibiotic.Results: A total of 578 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Twenty-five patients were excluded from the analysis because of need for drain insertion, loss to follow-up, simultaneous surgery for another indication, presence of an appendix tumor, or pregnancy. A total of 207 patients (37.4%) had undergone irrigation, and 346 patients (62.6%) received suction alone during laparoscopic appendectomy. The preoperative fever rate was significantly higher in the irrigation group than in the suction alone group. Operative time was also significantly longer in the irrigation group than in the suction alone group (53.8 ± 18.5 minutes vs. 57.8 ± 21.4 minutes, P = 0.027). The postoperative complication rate was higher in the irrigation group than in the suction alone group (4.5% vs. 12.6%, P = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that irrigation and preoperative fever were risk factors for surgical site infection after laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis.Conclusion: There is no advantage to irrigating the peritoneal cavity over suction alone during laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Irrigation may actually prolong the operative time and therefore be detrimental.

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infection In Laparotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Pashupati N. Bhatta ◽  
Umesh Kumar Yadav ◽  
Gorakh Nath Mishra ◽  
Randhir Jha ◽  
Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Median Length ◽  
National Medical College ◽  
Medical College ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

INTRODUCTION: Surgical site infection (ssi) is one of the most common surgical complications which increases the rate of morbidity and mortality and increases the health care cost by prolonging the hospital stay.  AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the study was to find out the incidence of ssi in emergency laparotomy in general surgery and to find out the associated risk factor for ssi.MATERIAL & METHODS: Study was carried out in national medical college, Birgunj from January 2011 to June 2012 after getting ethical clearance from Institutional Review Committee National Medical College. Total 200 cases were included in study and follow up done up to 30 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Out of 200 patients, 76 patients developed ssi. The total incidence of ssi was 38%.The rate ssi in clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty wound were 18.2%, 33.3% & 45.5% respectively. Age, type of surgical operation and prolonged duration of surgery were the significant risk factor for ssi while sex, BMI were not statistically significant. The median length of hospital stay with ssi was 16 days while the median length of hospital stay without ssi was 10 days.CONCLUSION: The rate of ssi was found to be higher in our study in comparison to western study but neariy same when comparing to study of Asian countries. so, we emphasize for the need of  evidence based infection control and recommend for better surveillance program me for control of ssi in each hospital.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.01 Issue 13, Page: 22-25

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for post caesarean delivery surgical site infection in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Smita S. Naik ◽  
Ajit Nagarsenkar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Modifiable Factors

Background: Post-operative surgical site infection (SSI) is the most commonly reported nosocomial infection which constitutes a major public health care problem worldwide. SSI are the one of the most common complication after caesarean section (C-sec) and results in maternal morbidity and mortality, increased length of the hospital stays and economic burden. The aim of the study is to determine the incidence and risk factors of SSI in women undergoing C-sec.Methods: The prospective observational study carried out in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Goa medical college, Bambolim Goa from 1st November 2017 to 30th May 2019. Collection of data was carried using predesigned and pretested proforma. SSI was examined for association of different risk factors and its distribution.Results: During this study period, 2106 patients underwent C-sec, out of which 103 patients developed post-operative SSI with the incidence rate being 4.89%. The incidence rate was found higher in emergency cases (6.55%) as compared to that of elective (1.21%) and median time to SSI was the 6th post- operative day. Majority of SSI, i.e., 102 out of 103 (99.08%) were superficial SSI, 1 (0.98%) were deep SSI and no organ/space SSI. The highest rate of SSI was found in 21-34 years of age group (84.47%). The common risk factors associated are anaemia, diabetes, hypertension and obesity.Conclusions: SSI results from multiple risk factors which include modifiable and non- modifiable factors and thorough analysis of these factors can help prevent SSI. The medical staff should focus on some of the modifiable risk factors can be eliminated by strict antisepsis, timely prophylactic antibiotic and maintaining normothermia as well as optimal glucose level.

scholarly journals A prospective study of surgical site infection of orthopedic implant surgeries

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Thahir ◽  
Suresh Gandhi ◽  
Kalaivanan Kanniyan ◽  
Ravi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Orthopaedic Implant ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Surgical-site infection accounts for approximately 10% of all hospital-acquired infections, which are estimated to double the cost of care and result in an additional mean of 6.5 days of hospital stay. We did prospective study of surgical site infection of orthopaedic implant surgeries.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The aim of the study is to assess the clinical and microbiological outcome of 125 patients who had open reduction and internal fixation with implants and prosthesis at Southern Railway Hospital from January 2006 to January 2007, and its strength of association with major risk factors using univariate analysis. In our study, Patients were allocated in to three groups as NINS risk index group 0, 1 and 2 with risk factors as duration of surgery &gt;2 hours and ASA class ≥3. Post-operative wound infection was diagnosed based on the criteria of Center of Disease Control and assessed for the period of 6 weeks using National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance Risk Index.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were 87 male and 38 females in the study. From 125 Patients, 13 patients had post-operative superficial surgical site infection and presented within 21 days of operation. The infection rate was 10.4%. Two Patients developed deep infection after 6 weeks of study. All the cases with superficial infection were followed at regular intervals, 11 cases resolved with regular dressing and antibiotics but 2 cases continued to discharge sinus up to 3 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study showed that the risk of infection rate increased significantly with ASA score, duration of surgery, obesity and NINS risk index. There was no significant association of infection rate with age, diabetes and smoking. </p>

Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Casanova ◽  
Rafael Herruzo ◽  
Jesús Díez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Peripheral Venous Catheter ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

Objectives.To assess the appropriateness of using the indices developed by the Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control (SENIC) and the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) project to determine risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in children and, if not appropriate, to explore the factors related to SSI in children so these factors could be used in a risk index for pediatric patients.Design.Cohort study during more than 4 years.Setting.La Paz University Hospital, a national reference center that serves Health Area 5 of Madrid, Spain, which has approximately 500,000 inhabitants.Patients.Convenience sample consisting of the 3,646 children admitted for surgery who had a postsurgical stay of more than 2 days.Results.A model with 8 predictive factors (degree of surgical contamination; duration of surgery; type of surgery; use of a peripheral venous catheter, central venous catheter, or urinary catheter; number of diagnoses; and SSI exposition time) was created. Its relation to the SSI rate was better than that of the SENIC or NNIS indices. Its sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve were higher than that of the SENIC index.Conclusions.The model that we created seems to be more adequate for predicting SSI and evaluating pediatric patients' intrinsic risk than the SENIC and NNIS indices.

scholarly journals Surgical Site Infection in Spine Surgery: Who Is at Risk?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5S-30S ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina Yao ◽  
Hanbing Zhou ◽  
Theodore J. Choma ◽  
Brian K. Kwon ◽  
John Street
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Preoperative Radiation ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Postoperative Blood Transfusion ◽  
Duration Of Surgery

Study Design: Retrospective literature review of spine surgical site infection (SSI). Objective: To perform a review of SSI risk factors and more specifically, categorize them into patient and surgical factors. Methods: A review of published literature on SSI risk factors in adult spine surgery was performed. We included studies that reported risk factors for SSI in adult spinal surgery. Excluded are pediatric patient populations, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Overall, we identified 72 cohort studies, 1 controlled-cohort study, 1 matched-cohort study, 1 matched-paired cohort study, 12 case-controlled studies (CCS), 6 case series, and 1 cross-sectional study. Results: Patient-associated risk factors—diabetes mellitus, obesity (body mass index >35 kg/m2), subcutaneous fat thickness, multiple medical comorbidities, current smoker, and malnutrition were associated with SSI. Surgical associated factors—preoperative radiation/postoperative blood transfusion, combined anterior/posterior approach, surgical invasiveness, or levels of instrumentation were associated with increased SSI. There is mixed evidence of age, duration of surgery, surgical team, intraoperative blood loss, dural tear, and urinary tract infection/urinary catheter in association with SSI. Conclusion: SSIs are associated with many risk factors that can be patient or surgically related. Our review was able to identify important modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that can be essential in surgical planning and discussion with patients.

Risk factors for post caesarean surgical site infection at a tertiary care center in Eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Manisha Chhetry ◽  
Shanti Subedi ◽  
Basudeb Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Emergency Procedures ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background & Objectives:Post cesarean surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the commonly encountered complications which considerably increase the burden to health care. It is caused due to the interplay of various patient related, procedure related and iatrogenic factors. This study aims at identifying common risk factors for post cesarean SSI at our centre.Materials & Methods:This was a prospective observational study conducted from July 2015 to December 2015, in which all patients who were admitted with post cesarean SSI or developed SSI during their stay were included and their risk factors were studied.Results:Emergency procedures (82.97%) were more likely to develop SSI as compared to elective cesarean (17%). Among the patient related risk factors most of them were nulliparous (48.9%), term gestation (42.6%), malnourished (53.1%) and had history of prolonged leaking (44.68%) The mean age was 24.04±4.6years.Most of the patients who developed SSI were operated for repeat cesarean and fetal indications. Most patients who had SSI had at three to five per vaginal examinations (2.72±2). 66% of patient who had SSI had duration of surgery more than one hour. 68% of the surgeries which developed SSI were done by residents as compared to 32% of those done by consultantsConclusion:The commonly associated risk factors linked with post cesarean SSI are maternal age, emergency procedures, prolonged membrane rupture, multiple vaginal examinations, malnutrition and the experience of surgeon. 

scholarly journals Surgical site infection after primary total knee arthroplasty is associated with a longer duration of surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 230949901878564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryon Jun Xiong Teo ◽  
William Yeo ◽  
Hwei-Chi Chong ◽  
Andrew Hwee Chye Tan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Operative Duration ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
Duration Of Surgery ◽  
Total Knee

Purpose: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leading to considerable morbidity. The incidence is reported to be up to 2%. Risk factors continue to be an area of intense debate. Our study aims to report the incidence of SSI and identify possible risk factors in our patients undergoing TKA. Methods: Prospectively collected data for 905 patients who underwent elective unilateral TKA by a single surgeon from February 2004 to July 2014 were reviewed. Patient demographics and relevant co-morbidities such as diabetes and heart disease were analysed. The presence of superficial wound infections and/or prosthetic joint infections was included. Results: The overall infection rate was 1.10% (10 of 905 patients). Six patients (0.66%) were diagnosed with superficial infections and four with PJI (0.44%). The mean operative duration for TKA with SSI was significantly longer at 90.5 ± 28.2 min, compared to 72.2 ± 20.3 min in TKA without SSI ( p = 0.03). All superficial infections occurred within the first month post-surgery and were self-limiting with oral antibiotics. The four patients with PJI required repeated procedures following TKA, including debridement, implant removal and/or revision arthroplasty. None of the 10 patients had a history of diabetes. There were no significant differences in demographics and co-morbidities between those who developed infection after TKA and those who did not. Conclusion: An overwhelming majority had good outcomes with only four deep infections resulting in revision surgery. We report that the risk of infection in TKA was significantly associated with a longer operative duration.

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