An obstetric outcome in pregnant women with consumption of tobacco

Background: Tobacco is known to be an established cause of adverse pregnancy outcome. Scientific studies, encompassing various ethnic groups, cultures and countries, have shown that cigarette smoking during pregnancy significantly affects mother, unborn fetus and the newborn baby.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was performed on 933 patients, separated in two groups: tobacco users and tobacco non-users and findings from each group were compared.Results: Incidence of complications like anemia, PIH and abruption increase with maternal usage of tobacco during pregnancy, chances of preterm delivery and ectopic pregnancy was raised, rate of wound complication was more in tobacco user women. There was no significant difference in mode of delivery.Conclusions: In the present study may establish association of tobacco consumption with adverse neonatal and obstetrics outcome and may encourage administration to focus on IEC (information, education, communication) to reduce tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Incidence of complications like anemia, PIH, abruption increase with maternal usage of tobacco during pregnancy. Chances of preterm delivery and ectopic pregnancy, was raised usage with of tobacco.

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Reference Values of Fetal Peak Systolic Velocity in the Middle Cerebral Artery at 19–40 Weeks of Gestation in Nepalese Population

Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3126/njog.v8i2.9769 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 42-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

U Shrestha ◽

I Shrestha ◽

RK Ghimire ◽

S Paudel

Keyword(s):

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Peak Systolic Velocity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Systolic Volume ◽

Serial Measurement ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Aims: The purpose of this study was to construct new reference range for fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA-PSV) in uncomplicated pregnancy at 19-40 weeks of gestation. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study involving 400 singleton pregnancies between 19 and 40 weeks of gestation without any known risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome who were referred for routine obstetric examination. The protocol included the doppler examination of fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) within 2 mm after its origin from the internal carotid artery and data were used to construct the normograms and percentile fitted curves of each doppler parameter for different gestational age. Results: Among 400 singleton uncomplicated pregnancies between 19 and 40 weeks of gestation maximum number of pregnancies (10%) was at 19 weeks of gestation and minimum (2.5%) was at 31 weeks. The fetal peak systolic blood flow in the MCA showed significant correlation with period of gestation. Mean MCA-PSV was 22.35 ± 3.05 at 19 weeks of gestation which increased to 67.73 ± 9.92 at 40 weeks. The MCA-PSV showed continuous increment with increasing gestational age.Conclusions: Continuous increment in the peak systolic volume with advancing gestational age was obtained which was consistent with the previous studies done by various authors. The percentile fitted values and normograms will be valuable for the serial measurement of the peak systolic volume of the middle cerebral artery for complicated pregnancies.Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 42-45 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v8i2.9769

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ASSOCIATION OF SEROPOSITIVITY FOR CMV IGM AND IGG WITH ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOME

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.2928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 831-35

Author(s):

Ambreen Amna ◽

Farkhunda Nadeem ◽

Amin Fahim ◽

Altaf Hussian Jatoi ◽

Kanwal Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

University Hospital ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Objective: To find out the prevalence of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and their association with adverse pregnancy outcome in women, at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Isra University Hospital (IUH) Hyderabad, from Jan to Jun 2018. Methodology: Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG antibodies in 305 women of reproductive age group were measured using the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assaysystem kit. Results: The combined positivity of anti cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM antibodies was 93 (30.40%). About 37 (37.37%) and 28 (34.14%) women were found to be seropositive for cytomegalovirus antibodies who had history of spontaneous miscarriage and recurrent miscarriages respectively. Conclusion: Higher association of seropositivity for cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG with bad obstetrical history and low economy was found.

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Relationship Between Placental Calcification and Estimated Fetal Weight Percentile at 30-34 Weeks of Pregnancy

International Journal of Women s Health and Reproduction Sciences ◽

10.15296/ijwhr.2019.79 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 478-482

Author(s):

Mojgan Barati ◽

Sara Masihi ◽

Elnaz Barahimi ◽

Mohammad Ali Khorrami

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Multiple Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fetal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Doppler Indices ◽

Estimated Fetal Weight

Objectives: The identification of at-risk fetus is considered as one of the most difficult challenges for clinicians and researchers although the clinical significance of placental calcifications (PCs) and its relation to adverse pregnancy outcome are controversial. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PC and estimated fetal weight (EFW) percentile at 30-34 weeks of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on all pregnant women except for multiple pregnancy subjects who were admitted to an outpatient perinatal center from October 2016 to September 2018. Several parameters were measured at 30-34 weeks of pregnancy, including EFW, umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI), middle cerebral artery PI, cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), right and left uterine artery PI, along with right and left uterine artery notch. Finally, the calcification of the placenta with any shape and degree was determined as well. Results: In this study, 739 pregnant women were evaluated for PC, including patients with PC (9.87%), small-for-gestational age (SGA, 3.65%), and those with at least one abnormal Doppler index (23.95%). Patients with PC and those with at least one abnormal Doppler index had significantly higher SGA (29.62% and 12.42%, respectively). In addition, there were 55.55% and 30.13% patients with SGA and PC in the group with at least one abnormality in terms of Doppler indices. Conclusions: In general, the findings showed that PC is more common in SGA. Based on the results, at least one abnormality in Doppler indices was more common in PC and SGA, and uterine artery Doppler abnormality was the most prevalent abnormal findings in the arterial Doppler. Thus, PC may be an important marker for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Knowledge of risk factors for ectopic pregnancy among female undergraduates in Southeastern Nigeria

Calabar Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.25259/cjhs_15_2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Ekpereonne Babatunde Esu ◽

Enobong Ime Okpon

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

First Trimester ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southeastern Nigeria ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: Ectopic pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal death during the first trimester of pregnancy, accounting for approximately one in ten pregnancy-related deaths. Knowledge of potential risk factors can improve early detection and avoid morbidity and complications. This cross-sectional study determined the knowledge level and prevalence of risk factors of ectopic pregnancy among female undergraduates. Material and Methods: Three hundred and ninety female students were randomly selected from the various hostels through multistage sampling. Results: The study found that 234 (60%) respondents were aware of ectopic pregnancy. The majority of the respondents (72.1%) had moderate to a good knowledge level of ectopic pregnancy and the risk factors. There was no significant difference in knowledge level based on marital status of the respondents (P = 0.642). Predominant risk factors for ectopic pregnancy identified among respondents were use of oral contraceptives – 151 (38.8%), frequent alcohol intake – 105 (26.9%), prior pelvic inflammatory disease 94 (24.1%), and induced abortion 52 (13.3%). Initiation of oral contraceptive use was between age 13 and 20 years for about 118 (77.7%) respondents. Conclusion: Health education interventions on the knowledge of symptoms and risk factors of ectopic pregnancy need to be targeted at women of reproductive age to reduce the associated morbidity and mortality.

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Comparison of Salivary pH Among Smokers and Non- Smokers by Keeping DMFT at Unity

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2020033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 224-227

Author(s):

Usman Zafar ◽

Hashim Mansoor ◽

Hamza Asif ◽

Naufal Nadeem ◽

Ayesha Aslam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Young Male ◽

Study Groups ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Salivary Ph

Objective: To evaluate the effects of smoking on salivary pH and compare it among smokers and non-smokers while keeping DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth) index at unity. Study Design and Setting: Cross sectional study carried out among young male undergraduate students with age range of 19-25 years at Army Medical College (Rawalpindi) over a period of 2 months from 1st January to 1st March 2018. Methodology: The sample size was 58; from which equally 29 were smokers and 29 were non-smokers. Sample size was calculated by WHO sample size calculator. Unstimulated saliva using a simple drooling method was used to collect in a sterile container from each of the subject. The pH was assessed by using a portable KETOTEK digital pH meter. DMFT was recorded by using dental mirrors and probes under illumination of dental unit. All the readings, along with demographic data were entered in performa. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Mean salivary pH between the study groups was compared using Independent sample t test. P<0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Total of the 58 study subjects, 29 were smokers and 29 were non-smokers. Mean salivary pH of the whole study sample was 7.2±0.45. A statistically significant difference was observed between smokers and non-smokers; whereas smoker’s salivary pH was significantly lower than that of non-smoker’s (P<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the mean salivary pH levels decreases with tobacco consumption in smoked form

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Adolescence As Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Central Africa – A Cross-Sectional Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0014367 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. e14367 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Florian Kurth ◽

Sabine Bélard ◽

Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma ◽

Katharina Schuster ◽

Ayola A. Adegnika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Central Africa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

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The second pregnancy has no effect in the incidence of macrosomia: A cross sectional survey in two western Chinese regions

10.21203/rs.2.15978/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Li Luo ◽

Lianlian Wang ◽

Huan Zeng ◽

Feng Peng ◽

Zumin Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Western China ◽

Fetal Macrosomia ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Second Child ◽

First Child ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

The Impact

Abstract After the implementation of the universal two-child policy in 2015 in China, the increase in parity has led to an increase in adverse pregnancy outcomes. The impact of parity on the incidence of fetal macrosomia has not been fully confirmed in China.This study aimed to explore the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia between first and second pregnancies in Western China. A total of 1598 pregnant women from three hospitals were investigated by means of a cross-sectional study from August 2017 to January 2018. Participants were recruited by a convenience sampling method and divided into first and second pregnancy groups. These groups included 1094 primiparas and 504 women giving birth to their second child. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to discuss the differences in the incidence of fetal macrosomia in first and second pregnancies. No significant difference was found in the incidence of macrosomia in the first pregnancy group (7.2%) and the second pregnancy group (7.1%). In the second-time pregnant mothers, no significant association was found between the macrosomia of the second child (5.5%) and that of the first child (4.7%). In conclusion: the incidence of macrosomia in Western China is not affected by second childbirth, that is not affected by low parity. History of first child macrosomia was not a predictor of second child macrosomia.

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Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 2016-2026

Author(s):

Tamara R. Almeida ◽

Clayton H. Rocha ◽

Camila M. Rabelo ◽

Raquel F. Gomes ◽

Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sound Pressure ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Real ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sound Pressure Levels ◽

Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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Estimation of Trace Elements in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum-Comparative Study in Healthy and Periodontitis

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpcr.v9i5.8599 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Bhagavathami Meenaksh ◽

Chitraa R. Chandran ◽

Aravindhan Thathchari Ranganathan ◽

Kavindapadi Venkateswaran Rama ◽

Valarmathy Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Copper ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Copper Zinc

Background: This study aims to determine and compare the levels of trace elements copper, zinc, selenium and chromium in GCF and serum of patients with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Methods: This cross sectional study includes 24 study subjects recruited from the patients reporting to the Department of Periodontics , Tagore Dental College Chennai. All the selected patients were subjected to a clinical examination done by a single examiner. The estimation of trace elements Copper, Zinc, Selenium and Chromium in GCF and serum is performed using Perkin Elmer optima 5300 Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer (ICPOES). Results: GCF and serum copper levels showed no significant difference in both periodontitis and healthy groups . Selenium levels tend to be the same in both groups. Serum zinc levels are more in periodontitis patients than healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). GCF chromium levels are found to be more in patients with periodontitis than healthy. Conclusions : More research is therefore needed to monitor the role of these trace elements C with an increased sample size to ascertain whether they are associated with a reduced risk of periodontitis.

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Postpartum Depression and Its Associated Factors among Women in Bandar Abbas City

International Electronic Journal of Medicine ◽

10.31661/iejm621 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Arefeh Shahi

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Depression ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Parental Education ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Routine Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bandar Abbas

Background: Postpartum depression with a different incidence of 40- 45% in different societies, which it has adverse effects on the health of mothers and their child, given the negative effects of maternal depression and its harmful effects on the baby and the quality of family life. So, this study was performed with the aim to determine postpartum depression and its associated factors in Bandar Abbas city. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 after obtaining consent from mothers by the census. A total of 343 mothers was examined for depression who referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in the 2nd and 4th months after childbirth. The data collection tools included demographic information and Postpartum Depression Edinburgh questionnaires. Finally, the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software and data were analyzed using the Independent t-test, Mann Whitney, Chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.Result: Totally, 68 (19.8%) of samples were in the second month and 54 (15.7%) in the fourth month after delivery had postpartum depression. The incidence of depression in the four months was 6.6%. There was a significant difference between depression and income, parental education, father’s use of cigarette and abnormalities of the infant (P <0.001). There was no significant difference between other factors such as gestational age, infant sex, birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, and type of delivery. Conclusion: Regarding the prevalence of this disorder, it seems that postpartum depression screening planning should be considered during child routine care as an essential component, especially for vulnerable groups.

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