A study of effects of hypothyroidism on antenatal patients
Background: After diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. The most common thyroid gland dysfunction in pregnancy is hypothyroidism with estimated prevalence of 1.5-4.4% of pregnant women. Effects of hypothyroidism in pregnancy include anemia, pre-eclampsia, prematurity, IUGR, low birth weight, mental retardation in neonate. The objective of this study is to find the association of hypothyroidism and its adverse outcomes on mother and the fetus that is listed above.Methods: A study was conducted over a period of 6 months over 50 antenatal patients with hypothyroidism from Jan 2021 to August 2021 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Cama and Albless hospital, Mumbai with inclusion, exclusion criteria. History of infertility, family history of thyroid disease, menstrual pattern, recurrent abortion and fetal outcomes were the main study variables.Results: In this study, majority of hypothyroidism belonged to the age group of 26-30 years (54%). A high prevalence was found in G2 (26%) and antenatal hypothyroidism with past h/0 abortions were found in 26% patients. Low birth weight is found in 32% cases of hypothyroidism, NICU admissions seen in 32% cases of hypothyroidism, 22% cases were found to have anemia.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is a common health problem in antenatal patients. We concluded that hypothyroidism is more commonly seen to be associated with low birth weight, anemia, pre-eclampsia, NICU admission in neonate. Early ANC registration and regular ANC checkups help in early recognition and initiating early treatment, thus improving fetomaternal outcome.