Clinical correlation between dry eye and pterygium: a study done at government medical college Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, North India

Background: To study the prevalence of dry eye among the patients of pterygium and to find the clinical correlation between dry eye and pterygium.Methods: The study was conducted at postgraduate department of Ophthalmology of GMC Jammu over a period of one year. 90 pterygium patients and 180 age and sex matched controls presenting to the eye OPD of GMC Jammu were included in the study. The TBUT, Schirmer’s test, basal tear secretion and Rose Bengal staining score were estimated in all patients. A TBUT of less than 10 seconds, a Schirmer’s test of less than 10mm, basal tear secretion of less than 10mm, Rose Bengal staining score of more than 3 were considered abnormal.Results: Redness 57 (63.33%) was the most frequently occurring symptom in pterygium patients followed by cosmosis 49 (54.44%). The mean TBUT, mean Schirmer’s, mean basal secretion and mean Rose Bengal staining score values were 9.88±3.39 seconds, 13.17±4.57mm, 10.11±4.81mm and 3.27±1.85 in pterygium patients and 14.22±3.99 seconds, 16.40±5.21mm, 12.19±5.05mm and 2.49±1.86 in the control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye results between the pterygium patients and control groups (p<0.001). The odd’s ratio between dry eye and pterygium was 3.83, dry eye was present in 53 pterygium patients.Conclusions: The prevalence of dry eye in pterygium patients was 58.89% which suggests that there is a strong positive clinical correlation between dry eye and pterygium.

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Assessment of tear secretion and tear film instability in cases with pterygium and normal subjects

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7816 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Narayani Roka ◽

SP Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Tear Secretion ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Dry eye is a common disorder affecting a significant percentage of the population. Materials and methods: This study is a prospective, hospital-based, case-controlled study conducted between January 2009 and May 2010. Seventy-six pterygium cases and 152 age-and- sex matched controls presenting to the OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital were included. The TBUT Schirmer’s test and basal tear secretion were estimated in all patients. A TBUT of less than 10 seconds and a Schirmer’s test of less than 10 mm were considered abnormal. Results: Pterygium was bilateral in 15 (19.7 % ) and unilateral in 61 (80.3 %) patients. Ninety-two (92.1 %) pterygium patients reported either one or more of the six dry eye symptoms. Redness was the most common (67 %) symptom reported. The mean Schirmer’s test I, mean basal secretion and mean TBUT values were 16.19 mm, 10.01 mm and 10.56 seconds in pterygium cases and 20.22 mm,13.25 mm and 26.25 seconds in the control group respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the dry eye results between the pterygium cases and the control group (p value < 0.05). The odds ratio between pterygium and dry eye was 3.28. Dry eye was present in 26 % of the normal patients and in 54 % of the pterygium cases. Conclusion: There is a strong relationship between dry eye and pterygium. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):16-23 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7816

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Association of ocular biometric parameters with diabetic retinopathy

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 3624

Author(s):

Shubhneek Kaur Dhillon Utaal ◽

Rupali Chopra ◽

Nitin Batra

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Anterior Chamber Depth ◽

North India ◽

Control Group ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disease Severity Scale

Background: To study the association of ocular biometric parameters {Spherical equivalent (SE), Axial length (AL), Anterior chamber depth (ACD) and Corneal curvature (CC)} with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. The study included 100 subjects having various grades of DR as cases and 100 diabetics without DR as controls. The SE was assessed using objective autorefraction, while AL, CC and ACD were measured using the NIDEK AL SCAN. International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy Disease Severity Scale was used for grading of DR.Results: A total of 181 eyes in the study group and 200 eyes in the control group were analysed. Progressive decrease in the mean AL was observed with the increasing severity of DR (p=0.017). Deeper ACD had a negative correlation with severity of DR (p=0.037). No statistically significant difference was observed for AL and ACD with the incidence of DR (p=0.147 and p=0.091 respectively). Likewise, there was no significant relation of DR with SE or CC.Conclusions: Longer AL and deep ACD were protective against progression to the severe forms of DR. However, there was no correlation of AL and ACD with the incidence of DR. The SE and CC were not found to be significant determinants for either development or severity of DR.

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Xerosis meter-an electro-physiological device for quick screening of dry eyes

Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3687 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 123-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Gupta ◽

M Gupta ◽

R Maheshwari ◽

T Mittal

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Large Population ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Schirmer Test ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Break Up ◽

Group Ii

Aim: To study the role of ‘Xerosis Meter' in screening of dry eye cases in a large population and compare its results with Schirmer's test and tear break-up time. Materials and method: In a cross sectional study with a control group dry eye was evaluated with Xerosis Meter, Schirmer test and tear film break-up time (TBUT). Cases included in the study were divided into two groups. Group I (Control Group) comprised of asymptomatic patients while Group II (Test Group) had patients showing symptoms and signs of dry eye. The Group II was further divided into two subgroups. Group IIa had cases showing positive result with either of the two tests Schirmer test or TBUT. Group IIb had cases which showed positive results with Xerosis Meter but normal results with the other two tests. Statistics: All the observations were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 software. The results obtained were compared statistically using unpaired t-test and chi-square test. The p value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the means of Xerosis Meter, Schirmer test and TBUT of the two groups: Group I and Group IIa (p value < 0.001). On comparing Group I and Group IIb the difference was found to be statistically significant with Xerosis Meter (p value < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of Xerosis Meter were 85.7% and 80.2% respectively. This was higher than that of the Schirmer's test (81.3% and 74.9%) and TBUT (73.2% and 68.7%). Conclusion: The "Xerosis Meter" is an effective alternate in screening of dry eye cases. It is more effective than the TBUT and as effective as the Schirmer's test in detecting both the normal and dry eye patients. DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3687 Nep J Oph 2009;1(2):123-128

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The Effectiveness of a Balanced Salt Solution on Dry Eyes in Comatose Patients: A Randomized Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-362851/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hengameh sadeghi-hasanvand ◽

Parastou Kordestani-Moghadam ◽

Farnoosh irandoost ◽

Seyed hadi ali ◽

Tahereh Toulabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Salt Solution ◽

Control Group ◽

Artificial Tears ◽

Dry Eyes ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Time Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Breakup Time

Abstract Objective: Dry eye is one of the complications of hospitalization in ICUs. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) on dry eyes in comatose patients. This clinical trial was conducted in 2019 on 34 patients admitted to the ICUs. The control group received sterile eye ointment with artificial tears (2 drops every 6 hours) and a tape over the eye. The trial group also received BSS (2 drops every 6 hours) in the opposite eye over five days. The patients' dry eye was examined on first day and sixth day of the study using Schirmer’s Test (ST) and the Tear Breakup Time Test (TBUT). The data were analyzed in SPSS-21.Results: The results of the paired T-test based on ST and TBUT showed no significant change from first day one to sixth day in the BSS-receiving group (P>0.999 and P=0.187, respectively). Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in the mean score of dry eye after eliminating the effect of the demographic and clinical variables (P=0.947). The administration of this solution by nurses seems to be an effective method for preventing the progression of dry eye in ICU patients.

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Effectiveness of Riboflavin and Rose Bengal Photosensitizer Modified Adhesive Resin for Orthodontic Bonding

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14010048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Ali Alqerban

Keyword(s):

Mtt Assay ◽

Rose Bengal ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Homogenization Method ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Control Group ◽

Adhesive Resin ◽

Adhesive Remnant Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sem Imaging

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of riboflavin (RF) and rose Bengal (RB) photosensitizer modified adhesive resin on the degree of conversion (DC), and antimicrobial capacity after bonded to tooth surface. Different concentrations of RB and RF were prepared by homogenization method. An ultraviolet light source A (UVA) (375 nm wavelength, 3 mW/cm2 power) was used for 30 min irradiation.FTIR was performed for control and test adhesives to analyze the DC. Antibacterial testing was performed using the MTT assay. Metal brackets were bonded using the modified adhesives and subjected for SEM examination. The surfaces of teeth and metal brackets were examined at ×10 magnification for assessing adhesive remnant index (ARI) after PDT, 24 h and thermocycling. For DC, control group, 0.1% RB and RF after PDT showed the highest value. SEM imaging indicated lowest growth of Streptococcus mutans over 0.5% of RB-PDT and RF-PDT as compared to the control group. The MTT assay outcomes reported that the activity of S. mutans substantially decreased with the addition of a high amount of either RB or RF (p < 0.01). Mean ARI scores showed a significant difference between all groups. This study concluded that 0.1% of either RB or RF after PDT can be used for bonding orthodontic brackets to the tooth surface with substantial antibacterial properties.

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Effect of oral contraceptives on tear film in reproductive age group women

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20180410 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 860

Author(s):

Amita Sharma ◽

Surabhi Porwal ◽

Manoj Tyagi

Keyword(s):

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Tear Film ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Tear Secretion ◽

Schirmer’S Test ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: According to WHO 2009, 60-70% women use one of the method of contraception. 8.8% to 15.4% women use oral contraceptives. Objective of present study was to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives on androgen profile and tear film parameters in females within child bearing age.Methods: Present study involve 100 healthy women between 20-45 years, who presented in family planning clinic. Two groups were made according to the use of oral contraceptive pills. Study group consist of 50 women who were on OCPs (Oral contraception pills) and 50 as control group were not taking any hormonal contraceptives. Serum testosterone and DHEA levels of all subjects was done by Enzyme Immuno Assay on blood samples which were collected during 3th to 7th day of menstrual cycle. Quantitative test for tear secretion was done by Schirmer’s test. Stability of tear film was measured by Tear Breakup time (TBUT). Statistical analysis was done to determine the correlation between use of OCPs and androgen profile and tear film parameters.Results: Present results shows decreased androgen levels in women taking oral contraceptives as compared with age matched women who were not taking oral contraceptives. Tear secretion was significantly reduced in study group as indicated by decreased Schirmer’s test values in study group as compared to control group, the tear film stability was also significantly decreased in women taking oral contraceptives.Conclusions: Present study suggest that androgen profile decrease in women taking oral contraceptives. These results support that use of oral contraceptives may be an important etiological factor in pathogenesis of dry eye disease reproductive age group women.

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Ophthalmologic Manifestations and Retinal Findings in Children with Down Syndrome

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/9726261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Adem Ugurlu ◽

Emre Altinkurt

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Children With Down Syndrome ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Snellen Chart ◽

Ophthalmologic Examination ◽

Age Range

Purpose. To evaluate ocular findings in children with Down syndrome and to compare with the healthy children group. Methods. The study patients were divided into two groups as the diagnosed Down syndrome group and the control group. The study was designed as a prospective and single-center study in Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology. The study included 93 patients in the age range from 7 to 18 years, who applied to the ophthalmology department of our clinic in the period from July 2017 to June 2018. The study included the patients allocated into the control group and the Down syndrome patients allocated into the patient group, containing 49 and 44 participants, respectively. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination with biomicroscopy. Autorefractometer measurements were performed in all patients, and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined with the use of the Snellen chart. All patients underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) measurements for central foveal retinal (CRT), subfoveal choroidal (CCT), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses. Results. The average CRT was 241.2 ± 25.7 microns in Down syndrome group and 219.4 ± 21.1 microns in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in regards to CRT (p<0.001). The average pRNFL values were 123.1 ± 15.4 microns in the Down syndrome group and 102.2 ± 8.7 microns in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusions. In the subjects with Down syndrome, the incidence of lens opacities, strabismus, and amblyopia was higher than the control group. CRT and pRNFL were thicker in the Down syndrome group than in control group. This may represent retinal developmental changes in the patients with Down syndrome.

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CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i2.3286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 433-37

Author(s):

Amash Aqil ◽

Muhammad Moin ◽

Khadijah Abid ◽

Ahsan Mehmood

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Macular Edema ◽

Diabetic Macular Edema ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Macular Thickness ◽

Control Group ◽

Central Macular Thickness ◽

Department Of Ophthalmology ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Objective: To evaluate central macular thickness and choroidal thickness in patients with macular edema due to diabetic retinopathy versus controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, from Jan to Jul 2018. Methodology: A retrospective data of 100 eyes from 50 patients having with diabetic macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy was extracted from hospital registry. Additionally, 100 eyes of 50 individuals without any preexisting ocular conditions, comprising a control group was included in the study. Choroidal thickness measurements were made from the posterior edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid/sclera junction at subfoveal level using optical coherence tomography. Central macular thickness was also measured for all the enrolled patients. Results: One hundred patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. The mean age was 56.27 ± 14.41 years. The mean Central macular thickness of all the patients were reported as 270.49 ± 72.38 μm, while the choroidal thickness was 284.89 ± 96.51 μm. There was statistically significant difference in central macular thickness between both healthy and diabetic retinopathy with diabetic macular edema groups (p=0.001), whereas insignificant difference existed between the two groups forchoroidal thickness (p=0.735). Conclusion: In patients with diabetic macular edema no significant change in choroidal thickness was observed compared with healthy controls, while the thickness of the retina was high in patients with macular edema due to diabetes.

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Non-Conservative Therapy in the Prevention of Subepithelial Fibroplasia after LASEK Hypermetropia Correction

Ophthalmology in Russia ◽

10.18008/1816-5095-2018-2-200-206 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 200-206

Author(s):

S. A. Korotkikh ◽

A. E. Bogachev ◽

A. S. Shamkin

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Dry Eye Syndrome ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Postoperative Therapy ◽

Significant Difference

The results of observation of patients who underwent vision eximerlaser correction by the LASEK method regarding medium degree of hyperopia were analyzed.Purpose:to investigate the severity of the «dry eye» syndrome and corneal subepithelial fibroplasia in patients after laser correction of hyperopia by the LASEK method, and their prevention by reducing the preservative action on the eye surface.Patients and methods.The study included 40 patients (76 eyes), aged 21–46 years (32.98 ± 1.79) who underwent LASEK surgery for moderate hyperopia (4.03 ± 0.38 D). Patients were divided into two groups: 1) control group (20 patients, 37 eyes) — postoperative therapy included the corneoprotector “Stilavit®” and the preparation of hyaluronic acid “Oksial®”, containing preservatives; 2) the study group (20 patients, 39 eyes) — postoperative therapy included the corneoprotector “Hilozar-comod®” and the artificial tear preparation “Hilo-comod®”, which did not contain reservatives. Ophthalmic examination included, in addition to standard diagnostic methods, the Norn test, the Schirmer test, the staining of the eye surface with lissamine green. In addition, a questionnaire was conducted on a modified OSDI questionnaire; there a section characterizing the quality of vision (section B) was removed.Results.The analysis of the obtained data showed that in the study group there was less pronounced “dry eye” syndrome at 3,6,12 months after the operation. The maximum difference in the indicators of the “dry eye” syndrome between the groups was at 3 and 6 months of the postoperative period. When evaluating corneal subepithelial fibroplasia, maximum attention was paid to the frequency and the intensity index. It was shown a significant difference in the intensity of the haze between the study group and the control group by 26.1 % at 3 months, by 62.2 % at 6 months and by 65.3 % 12 months after the operation. Conclusion.Nonconservative therapy with sodium hyaluronate and dexapanthenol in the early postoperative period and only sodium hydrolurate allows to reduce the severity of the dry eye syndrome after laser correction of hypermetropia and, as a result, to reduce the intensity of haze development by 65.3 %, and its frequency on 11,5 %.

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Function and Morphology of the Meibomian Glands Using a LipiView Interferometer in Rotating Shift Medical Staff

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/3275143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jing Zhang ◽

Zhengzheng Wu ◽

Liangnan Sun ◽

Xin-hua Liu

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Medical Staff ◽

Night Shift ◽

Control Group ◽

Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Speed Score ◽

Meibomian Glands ◽

The Difference

Purpose. To investigate the function and morphology of meibomian glands (MG) in night shift medical staff (MS). Methods. Sixty-two eyes of 31 patients in the MS group and 59 eyes of 31 patients in the control group were consecutively enrolled. All participants completed Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Standard Patient Dry Eye Evaluation (SPEED) questionnaires for dry eye severity, as well as Schirmer I and tear break-up time (TBUT) tests. LipiView® II Ocular Surface Interferometer was used for lipid layer thickness (LLT), MG dropout, and partial blink (PB) rate tests. MG expression was measured with an MG evaluator. Results. The OSDI score in the MS group was 22.39 ± 13.42, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (9.87 ± 6.64 Z = −3.997, P=0.001). The SPEED score in the MS group was 7.94 ± 3.81, which was significantly higher than in the control group (3.65 ± 2.11, Z = −4.766, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in Schirmer I test between the MS group and control group (Z = −1.346, P=0.178). TBUT in MS group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (Z = −5.201, P=0.001). The mean LLT of the MS group was 55.02 ± 21.17 nm significantly thinner than that of the control group 72.76 ± 21.62 nm (Z = −4.482, P=0.001). MG loss occurred in 45.16% of affected eyes in the MS group and 16.13% of affected eyes in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 14.352, P=0.001). MG yielding liquid secretion and MG yielding secretion score were significantly lower in the MS group than in the control group (Z = −3.641, P=0.001; Z = −3.146, P=0.001, resp.). There was a negative correlation between mean LLT and SPEED score (Spearman r = −0.363, P=0.045). Conclusions. Night shift MS had a higher incidence of MGD compared to day workers.

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