RELATION BETWEEN MOOD DISORDERS AND COVID-19 IN OLDER ADULTS DURING THE PANDEMIC

Background: Literature data emphasize that the recent spread of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered several mental health issues such as depression and anxiety disorders. Fear of the illness and social distancing have shown to be risk factors for mood disorders. It is thus necessary to study the relation between mood disorders in older adults during the pandemic. Objective: Analyze the relation between mood disorders and COVID-19 in older adults within the pandemic framework. Methods: Cross-sectional study with the application of the following tools: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). Results: 428 older adults with an average age of 67.54±5.65 years were evaluated. Most of them were married females with an education level of 14.72±3.54 years and only 10% of them had fallen ill to COVID-19. 71% of them reported changes in mood and anxiety levels due to the pandemic. There was also a significant statistical difference between this group and the other 29% regarding GDS15 and GAI scores (p <0.001). Meaningful correlations were found between GDS and GAI (rho = 0.52 / ρ = 0,001) in which the larger the depressive symptomatology, the higher the anxiety level was. Conclusion: Results suggest that there have been associations between depression and anxiety symptoms in older adults during the pandemic period. Such findings are important for the implementation of social and health public policies.

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Watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults: a cross-sectional study from the JAGES 2019 survey

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89994-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Taishi Tsuji ◽

Satoru Kanamori ◽

Ryota Watanabe ◽

Meiko Yokoyama ◽

Yasuhiro Miyaguni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mail Survey ◽

Prevalence Ratio ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractThe current study investigated the relationship between the frequency of watching sports and depressive symptoms among older adults. This study used cross-sectional data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide mail survey of 21,317 older adults. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Geriatric Depression Scale score of ≥ 5. Participants were queried regarding the average frequency at which they watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet over the past year. Among the 21,317 participants, 4559 (21.4%) had depressive symptoms, while 4808 (22.6%) and 16,576 (77.8%) watched sports on-site and via TV/Internet at least once a year, respectively. Older adults who watched sports on-site a few times/year (prevalence ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.74) or 1–3 times/month (0.66, 0.53–0.82) were less likely to have depressive symptoms compared to non-spectators after adjusting for frequency of playing sports, exercise activities, and other potential confounders. Meanwhile, a dose–response relationship was confirmed for watching via TV/Internet (prevalence ratio of 0.86, 0.79, and 0.71 for a few times/year, 1–3 times/month, and ≥ 1 time/week, respectively). This study suggested that watching sports on-site or via TV/Internet, regardless of whether they regularly engage in sports, may reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among older adults.

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Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 795

Author(s):

Michio Maruta ◽

Hyuma Makizako ◽

Yuriko Ikeda ◽

Hironori Miyata ◽

Atsushi Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Japanese Older Adults ◽

And Performance

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate relationships between individuals’ ratings of satisfaction and performance of activities that they found meaningful and depressive symptoms. Data was obtained from 806 older adults (mean age 74.9 ± 6.3 years, women = 63.0%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018). Participants selected meaningful activities from 95 activities using the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice and evaluated their satisfaction and performance. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and defined by a GDS-15 score of ≥5. Non-linear logistic regression analyses were used separately by gender to examine the association between satisfaction and performance of meaningful activities and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 15.8%. We found no significant difference between meaningful activity choice between older adults with depressive symptoms and those without, in both men and women. After adjusting for potential covariates, satisfaction was associated with depressive symptoms in both men (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.77) and women (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49–0.91), but performance was limited in women (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77–0.99). Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with satisfaction in meaningful activities regardless of activity categories.

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Determinants of Suicidal Ideation among Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000250 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Mahshid Foroughan ◽

Mohammad Rostami ◽

Seyed Jalal Younesi

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Satisfaction Index ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. This study examined the relationship of depression and life satisfaction with suicidal ideation among older Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 159 older adults in Tehran (73% community-residing, 60 years or older) participated. The data were gathered using the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Life Satisfaction Index-Z (LSIZ). According to the results, depression and life satisfaction are significantly related to suicidal ideation; the two variables predict 0.39% of the variance of suicidal ideation in older adults ( p < .01). The interaction between depression and life satisfaction is a stronger predictor of suicidal ideation in older adults than each of the variables alone.

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Association between Chronic Pain and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16081330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yuki Nakai ◽

Hyuma Makizako ◽

Ryoji Kiyama ◽

Kazutoshi Tomioka ◽

Yoshiaki Taniguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Physical Frailty ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between chronic pain and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. We analyzed data obtained from 323 older adults (women: 74.6%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (the Tarumizu Study, 2017). Physical frailty was defined in terms of five parameters (exhaustion, slowness, weakness, low physical activity, and weight loss). We assessed the prevalence of chronic low back and knee pain using questionnaires. Participants whose pain had lasted ≥two months were considered to have chronic pain. Among all participants, 138 (42.7%) had chronic pain, and 171 (53.0%) were categorized as having physical frailty or pre-frailty. Logistic regression analysis showed that chronic pain was significantly associated with the group combining frailty and pre-frailty (odds ratio 1.68, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.76, p = 0.040) after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, score on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, and medications. Comparing the proportions of chronic pain among participants who responded to the sub-items, exhaustion (yes: 65.9%, no: 39.4%) demonstrated a significant association (p < 0.001). Chronic pain could be associated with the group combining frailty and pre-frailty and is particularly associated with exhaustion in community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, there is a need for early intervention and consideration of the role of exhaustion when devising interventions for physical frailty in older individuals with chronic pain.

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A cross sectional study on screening for depression among elderly in rural areas of Puducherry, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20185361 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Pamagal Kavithai ◽

Anandaraj R. ◽

Buvaneswary S. ◽

Prakash M.

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Individuals ◽

Study Setting

Background: Depression among elderly has been a neglected health issue. Various factors hinder its early diagnosis. The objectives of this study are to screen for depression among elderly using geriatric depression scale-15 and to determine its influencing factors.Methods: A community based cross sectional study on geriatric depression was done in villages catered by a primary health centre in Puducherry. Permanent residents of the study setting, aged ≥60 years consenting for the study were included. Line listing of elderly individuals in the study setting was done and subjects were selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinic-psychological variables. Hindi mental state examination scale was used to screen for cognitive impairment (score <23). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to screen for depression (score >5) among geriatric individuals. Appropriate statistical tests of significance were done.Results: Among the 360 elderly individuals screened using GDS-15 tool, 41.4% of them were found to be at a higher risk of developing depression. Significant factors for risk of depression in univariate analysis include being female, illiterate, unemployed, widow/single, having sleep problems, dependency in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment. Predictors for risk of depression evident by multivariate analysis include presence of unemployment, sleep problems and cognitive impairment.Conclusions: A higher proportion of elderly was observed to be at risk of depression. Primary care physicians may consider screening for depression in elderly with identified risk factors and act accordingly.

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SLEEP AND ITS RELATION TO COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE, DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS AND ANXIETY IN OLDER ADULTS WITHIN A PANDEMIC FRAMEWORK

10.5327/1980-5764.rpda090 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Moreira ◽

Tiago Ordonez ◽

Gabriela Santos ◽

Luiz Moraes ◽

Patrícia Lessa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education Levels ◽

Anxiety Levels

Background: COVID-19 has generated impacts mainly on the psychological health of older adults´ population. Depression symptoms and high anxiety levels may negatively influence sleep quality and thus the cognitive performance of those who suffer from them. There needs to be studies which document such relations during the pandemic. Objective: Investigate the influence of sleep on cognition, depression symptoms, and anxiety. Methods: Cross-sectional study applying the following scales: Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI). An additional questionnaire with 6 subjective questions concerning the presence or absence of sleep issues was also employed. Results: 428 older adults aged between 60 and 90 and with an average of 67.54 ± 5.65 years were evaluated. When Sleep Scores and other variables of scales were correlated the following results were obtained: Sleep Score and Braztel-MMSE (rho=-0.08 e p=0.108); Sleep Score and GDS15 (rho=0.46 e p <0,001); and Sleep Score and GAI (rho=0.41 e p<0.001). Conclusion: Results emphasize that sleep has not shown relation to cognitive performance, mainly in this sample with individuals of high education levels. However, sleep has been strongly associated with variables concerning depression symptoms and anxiety levels, showing its importance for the psychological levels of individuals in the current pandemic framework.

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Subjective Memory Complaint and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Portugal

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2015/296581 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mónica Sousa ◽

Anabela Pereira ◽

Rui Costa

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Adults ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Mini Mental Status Examination

Background. Older adults report subjective memory complaints (SMCs) but whether these are related to depression remains controversial. In this study we investigated the relationship between the SMCs and depression and their predictors in a sample of old adults.Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 620 participants aged 55 to 96 years (74.04 ± 10.41). Outcome measures included a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, a SMC scale (QSM), a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results. The QSM mean total score for the main results suggests that SMCs are higher in old adults with depressed symptoms, comparatively to nondepressed old adults. The GDS scores were positively associated with QSM but negatively associated with education, MMSE, and MoCA. GDS scores predicted almost 63.4% of variance. Scores on QSM and MoCA are significantly predicted by depression symptomatology.Conclusion. Depression symptoms, lower education level, and older age may be crucial to the comprehension of SMCs. The present study suggested that depression might play a role in the SMCs of the older adults and its treatment should be considered.

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Internal Consistency of Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS 15-Item Version) in Ecuadorian Older Adults

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/0046958020971184 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 004695802097118

Author(s):

María Erazo ◽

Martha Fors ◽

Sofía Mullo ◽

Paloma González ◽

Carmen Viada

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Short Version ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The present study aimed to assess the validity of a Spanish version of the Geriatric Depression-15 Scale (GDS-15) in Ecuadorian adults. Cross-sectional study to validate GDS-15 in its short version (GDS-15). Internal consistency and factor structure were assessed through Kuder Richardson 20 and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A total of 211 subjects 65 years of age and older participated in the validation process. Internal consistency was adequate, the Kuder Richardson 20 coefficient for the total scale was 0.73. Three factor structure was found for the scale. This study highlights the importance of having a validated scale for screening depression in the elderly. This study provides an evidence for the use of GDS-15 in Ecuadorian elderly population to screen for depression.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship of Physical Activity with Depression and Cognitive Deficit in Older Adults

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2014-0253 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 311-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Thais R.S. Paulo ◽

Sheilla Tribess ◽

Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽

Joilson Meneguci ◽

Cristiane A. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Cognitive Deficit ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Language Functions

The aim of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with depression and cognition deficit, separately and combined, in Brazilian older adults. We analyzed data from 622 older adults. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, while cognitive deficit was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess associations of depression and cognitive deficit with sociodemographic, health, and behavioral variables. Prevalence of physical inactivity (< 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity/week), depression, and cognitive deficit were 35.7%, 37.4%, and 16.7%. Physical inactivity was associated with depression (OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.14–2.94) and with depression and cognitive deficit combined (OR: 4.23, 95% CI: 2.01–8.91). Physically inactive participants were also more likely to present limitations in orientation and language functions. Physical inactivity was associated with depression and also with depression and cognitive deficit combined in older adults.

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Time spent in retirement, health and well-being

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.298 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S339-S340 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.R. Lucas ◽

F. Daniel ◽

S. Guadalupe ◽

I. Massano-Cardoso ◽

H. Vicente

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Satisfaction With Life ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Well Being

IntroductionFrom a life-span developmental perspective, retirement can be considered a life event that entails a complex psychological challenge, including leaving one's professional life and organizing/enjoying the newly available free time. The literature about retirement identifies different stages and patterns of transition/adaption associated with time spent in retirement.ObjectivesTo analyze the association between time spent in retirement and subjective measures of mental health, depressive symptomatology, loneliness and satisfaction with life.MethodsQuantitative cross-sectional study with 641 participants (M = 74,86). The instruments included: sociodemographic questionnaire; mental health inventory (MHI-5); geriatric depression scale (GDS); UCLA loneliness scale; satisfaction with life scale (SWLS).ResultsStatistically significant differences in all the health and well-being variables addressed were found between subgroups of time spent in retirement (MHI-5: P = 0.001; GDS: P < 0.001; UCLA: P = 0.038; SWLS: P = 0.022). Mental health and satisfaction with life increases in the first year after retirement, but during the second year, they decrease to the levels found in pre-retirement. Loneliness and depressive symptomatology follow an inverted pattern. With the passing of years, loneliness and depression tend to increase; mental health and satisfaction with life tend to decrease.ConclusionsThe results provide support to the hypotheses of honeymoon and disenchantment phases in the recently retired and to the existence of different patterns of transition/adaptation associated with time spent in retirement. They also highlight the relevance of devising intervention strategies that enable individuals to maintain the satisfaction levels with life and mental health achieved during the first phase of retirement.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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