scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity among adults in Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Ramasamy Kalavathy ◽  
Sumaya Ahmed Al Araj ◽  
Syed Arman Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade Iii

Background: There is an increasing prevalence of obesity globally which is associated with Non Communicable Diseases. As this trend continues even in UAE we decided to focus on determining the prevalence of obesity among adults in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK), UAE.Methods: This was a retrospective observational study done in adults between the age group of 18 to 77 years using convenience sampling technique in 544 subjects. Anthropometric, bio chemical, clinical and demographic data was collected by direct interview for four consecutive years, i.e. from 2013 to 2016. Body Mass Index (BMI) was analyzed to classify individuals as overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9kg/m²), Obese grade I (BMI 30.0-34.9kg/m²), Obese grade II (BMI 35.0-39.9kg/m²) and obese grade III (BMI > 40.0kg/m²).Results: Data was obtained from 544 subjects and considered for analysis. Our results showed that the mean age of the study population was 39.29±13.43 years, the mean weight was 75.35±15.65 kilograms and the mean BMI was 27.62±5.43kg/m2. A total of 67.6% of the study population was either overweight or obese. The prevalence of overweight is 36.2% followed by obesity prevalence of 31.4% of which 22.8% were categorized as Grade I obese, 5.5% Grade II obese and 3.1% Grade III obese. We found that higher proportions of males were in overweight and obese category compared to females.Conclusions: The results derived from our study shows that obesity and overweight are widespread among Ras al khaimah population with the obesity prevalence of 31.4%. Hence, policy makers should focus on preparing national nutritional strategies and implement protocols to overcome this burden by giving practical solutions.

scholarly journals Importance of a Follow-Up Ultrasound Protocol in Monitoring Posttraumatic Spleen Complications in Children Treated with a Non-Operative Management

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Ivona Djordjevic ◽  
Dragoljub Zivanovic ◽  
Ivana Budic ◽  
Ana Kostic ◽  
Danijela Djeric
Keyword(s):  
Splenic Abscess ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Injury Grade ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Operative Management ◽  
Grade Iii

Background and objectives: For the last three decades, non-operative management (NOM) has been the standard in the treatment of clinically stable patients with blunt spleen injury, with a success rate of up to 95%. However, there are no prospective issues in the literature dealing with the incidence and type of splenic complications after NOM. Materials and methods: This study analyzed 76 pediatric patients, up to the age of 18, with blunt splenic injury who were treated non-operatively. All patients were included in a posttraumatic follow-up protocol with ultrasound examinations 4 and 12 weeks after injury. Results: The mean age of the children was 9.58 ± 3.97 years (range 1.98 to 17.75 years), with no statistically significant difference between the genders. The severity of the injury was determined according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification: 7 patients had grade I injuries (89.21%), 21 patients had grade II injuries (27.63%), 33 patients had grade III injuries (43.42%), and 15 patients had grade IV injuries (19.73%). The majority of the injuries were so-called high-energy ones, which were recorded in 45 patients (59.21%). According to a previously created posttraumatic follow-up protocol, complications were detected in 16 patients (21.05%). Hematomas had the highest incidence and were detected in 11 patients (14.47%), while pseudocysts were detected in 3 (3.94%), and a splenic abscess and pseudoaneurysm were detected in 1 patient (1.31%), respectively. The complications were in a direct correlation with injury grade: seven occurred in patients with grade IV injuries (9.21%), five occurred in children with grade III injuries (6.57%), three occurred in patients with grade II injuries (3.94%), and one occurred in a patient with a grade I injury (1.31%). Conclusion: Based on the severity of the spleen injury, it is difficult to predict the further course of developing complications, but complications are more common in high-grade injuries. The implementation of a follow-up ultrasound protocol is mandatory in all patients with NOM of spleen injuries for the early detection of potentially dangerous and fatal complications.

scholarly journals The prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani ◽  
Masoud Mohammadi ◽  
Rostam Jalali ◽  
Akram Ghobadi ◽  
Nader Salari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background one of the most important age-dependent physiologic alterations in the body composition of older adult people is obesity and overweight, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality rate. Objective The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran. Methods The present study was conducted via meta-analysis and systematic review method, from March 2000 to October 2018. Subject-related literature was obtained via searches in ScienceDirect, Medline (PubMed), SID, Magiran, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 index, and data were analyzed by Comprehensive-Meta analysis software. Results In the assessment of 18 studies and 29,943 persons aged over 50 years, the prevalence of obesity in older adults of Iran was 21.4% (95%CI: 26.6–16.9%) based on the meta-analysis. The highest obesity prevalence was obtained in older adults of Babol (Amir Shahr) which was 44.2% (95%CI: 41.1–47.2%) in 2007, while the minimum obesity prevalence was found in older adults of Razavi Khorasan which was 11.3% (95%CI, 10–12.8%) in 2007. Further, as the sample size and the study year increased, the obesity prevalence diminished in older Iranian adults (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that the prevalence of obesity in the older adults of Iran is high. Accordingly, healthcare planners and politicians should consider effective and practical policies to reduce obesity in older adults.

scholarly journals The association between lower Hounsfield units on computed tomography and cage subsidence after lateral lumbar interbody fusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. E8
Author(s):  
Zhuo Xi ◽  
Praveen V. Mummaneni ◽  
Minghao Wang ◽  
Huibing Ruan ◽  
Shane Burch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interbody Fusion ◽  
Screw Fixation ◽  
Pedicle Screw Fixation ◽  
Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Cage Subsidence ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade Iii

OBJECTIVEOne vexing problem after lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) surgery is cage subsidence. Low bone mineral density (BMD) may contribute to subsidence, and BMD is correlated with Hounsfield units (HUs) on CT. The authors investigated if lower HU values correlated with subsidence after LLIF.METHODSA retrospective study of patients undergoing single-level LLIF with pedicle screw fixation for degenerative conditions at the University of California, San Francisco, by 6 spine surgeons was performed. Data on demographics, cage parameters, preoperative HUs on CT, and postoperative subsidence were collected. Thirty-six–inch standing radiographs were used to measure segmental lordosis, disc space height, and subsidence; data were collected immediately postoperatively and at 1 year. Subsidence was graded using a published grade of disc height loss: grade 0, 0%–24%; grade I, 25%–49%; grade II, 50%–74%; and grade III, 75%–100%. HU values were measured on preoperative CT from L1 to L5, and each lumbar vertebral body HU was measured 4 separate times.RESULTSAfter identifying 138 patients who underwent LLIF, 68 met the study inclusion criteria. All patients had single-level LLIF with pedicle screw fixation. The mean follow-up duration was 25.3 ± 10.4 months. There were 40 patients who had grade 0 subsidence, 15 grade I, 9 grade II, and 4 grade III. There were no significant differences in age, sex, BMI, or smoking. There were no significant differences in cage sizes, cage lordosis, and preoperative disc height. The mean segmental HU (the average HU value of the two vertebrae above and below the LLIF) was 169.5 ± 45 for grade 0, 130.3 ± 56.2 for grade I, 100.7 ± 30.2 for grade II, and 119.9 ± 52.9 for grade III (p < 0.001). After using a receiver operating characteristic curve to establish separation criteria between mild and severe subsidence, the most appropriate threshold of HU value was 135.02 between mild and severe subsidence (sensitivity 60%, specificity 92.3%). After univariate and multivariate analysis, preoperative segmental HU value was an independent risk factor for severe cage subsidence (p = 0.017, OR 15.694, 95% CI 1.621–151.961).CONCLUSIONSLower HU values on preoperative CT are associated with cage subsidence after LLIF. Measurement of preoperative HU values on CT may be useful when planning LLIF surgery.

scholarly journals Management of pancreatic trauma in adult patients at tertiary care institute of Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Dr. Krunal Chandana ◽  
◽  
Dr. Priyank Patel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pancreatic Injury ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Pancreatic Trauma ◽  
Tertiary Center ◽  
Fall From Height ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Grade Ii

Background and Aim: Pancreatic trauma is rare compared to other solid organ injuries of theabdomen. These injuries are difficult to diagnose and pose a problem in treatment strategy. Thisretrospective study aims to report our tertiary center experience in the management of pancreatictrauma. Material and Methods: The present study is one and half year observational study of 30patients who underwent pancreatic trauma management in the Department of Surgery, tertiary careinstitute of Gujarat. Demographic data and baseline characteristics were recorded, including age,sex, medical co-morbidities, mechanism of pancreatic trauma, length of the hospital stay, andassociated extrapancreatic injuries. All patients underwent a CT scan for the diagnosis of pancreaticinjury. Grading of pancreatic trauma was carried out according to the American Association forsurgery for Trauma (AAST). Results: Road traffic accident (RTA) (n=20) was the leading cause ofpancreatic trauma in the study population followed by fall from height (n=7) and assault (n=3). Themajority of the study population had Grade III pancreatic injury (n=12) followed by Grade IV (n=8),Grade II (n=7), and Grade I (n=3) injuries. No patients had Grade V injury. Isolated pancreatictrauma was seen in 13 patients. Associated liver and spleen injury was seen in 15 patients. Renaltrauma was seen in 2 patients. The extra-abdominal injury was seen to be associated withpancreatic injury in 7 patients. Conclusion: Pancreatic trauma can be managed conservativelyirrespective of the grade of injury supported by radiological percutaneous drainage and pancreaticduct stenting in selective cases.

scholarly journals Association between Psoriasis and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Sumit Pandey ◽  
Smita Jha ◽  
Shyam Kumar B.K ◽  
Shyam Kumar B.K. ◽  
Kumar Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
College Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pasi Score ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Chronic Skin Disease

Background: Psoriasis is primarily a chronic skin disease, the course being punctuated by remissions and relapses. Research has shown that hypertension, obesity, heart failure and diabetes are significantly more common in patients with psoriasis. Obesity is associated with severe psoriasis and is reported about twice as frequently among psoriasis patients as in the general population. In recent years many reports have demonstrated an association between psoriasis and metabolic syndrome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of obesity in patients with psoriasis and compare it with that of non-psoriatic population. Material and Method: This study is a case control hospital based study conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Venereologyand Leprology of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur between May 2017 to October 2018.Total 56 cases of psoriasis and similar number of healthy age and sex matched controls were enrolled in the study after taking written consent. Detailed history and physical examination was performed with measurement of body mass index which was recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20. Result: The results of the study which included 56 patients with psoriasis and 56 subjects without psoriasis. Among them 26 male and 30 female in study population and 25 male and 31 female in control group. The mean age was41.68±19.04 years in study population and 39.46 ±16.27 years in control group. Duration of disease ranged from 2 months to 360months and PASI score ranged from 4.4 to 28.2 with mean PASI score 11.02±5.4. BMI in cases ranged from 16.7 to 34.2 with mean24.3±4.3 and in controls it ranged from 15.5 to 29.1 with mean 21.9±3. Mean BMI was significantly higher in cases than controls. Conclusion: The result of this study supports the significantly higher prevalence of obesity in study population than control group.

scholarly journals Validity of self-reported weight: a study of urban brazilian adults

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Schmidt ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Mário Tavares ◽  
Carísi A. Polanczyk ◽  
Lúcia Pellanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Mean

In order to evaluate the validity of self-reported weight for use in obesity prevalence surveys, self-reported weight was compared to measured weight for 659 adults living in the Porto Alegre county, RS Brazil in 1986-87, both weights being obtained by a technician in the individual's home on the same visit. The mean difference between self-reported and measured weight was small (-0.06 +/- 3.16 kg; mean +/- standard deviation), and the correlation between reported and measured weight was high (r=0.97). Sixty-two percent of participants reported their weight with an error of < 2 kg, 87% with an error of < 4 kg, and 95% with an error of < 6 kg. Underweight individuals overestimated their weight, while obese individuals underestimated theirs (p<0.05). Men tended to overestimate their weight and women underestimate theirs, this difference between sexes being statistically significant (p=0.04). The overall prevalence of underweight (body mass index < 20) by reported weight was 11%, by measured weight 13%; the overall prevalence of obesity (body mass index > 30) by reported weight was 10%, by measured weight 11%. Thus, the validity of reported weight is acceptable for surveys of the prevalence of ponderosity in similar settings.

scholarly journals Oculo-Visual Findings among Industrial Mine Workers at Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. OED.S9204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GO Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
S Ocansey ◽  
EK Abu ◽  
S Kyei ◽  
SB Boadi-Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the visual status of mine workers who were directly involved in mining and/or are exposed to the mining environment. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and six (406) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their socio-demographic data was also collected. In addition, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination. Results The mean age of the workers was 41.1 years. Visual impairment was found in 114 (28.1%) of the study population of which refractive error (56.8%) was the major cause. Presbyopia was also observed in 45.5% of the workers with only 30.3% of them wearing near correction. The prevalence of eye diseases were pterygium/pingueculae (25.8%), conjunctivitis (26.8%), suspected glaucoma (15.3%), and cataract (7.4%). Conclusions Visual impairment and eye diseases were found among the miners.

scholarly journals Clinicohistopathological study of astrocytomas along with Ki-67 proliferative index

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basumitra Das ◽  
Kurimella Vamsya Raj ◽  
Bhagyalakshmi Atla
Keyword(s):  
Histological Grade ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Proliferative Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Biologic Marker ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade Iii

Background: Astrocytomas form the largest group of gliomas (>75%) and diffusely infiltrating    accounting for more than 60% of all the primary brain tumors. The ki67 proliferative index is a potent biologic marker that estimates the growth of neoplasms quantitatively and thus will aid in identifying the prognosis for patients with neoplasms.  The aim of the research work was to study various histopathological and clinical features of Astrocytomas in detail, to evaluate Ki-67 proliferative index in patients of Astrocytomas and to compare the results of Immunohistochemistry with histological grade of Astrocytomas.Methods: A   total   number   of    40 cases of   Astrocytomas were included in the study.  Ki-67 immunostaining was done on all cases and compared with WHO histological grading of astrocytomas.Results: The mean Ki‑67 LI in Grade I astrocytomas was 4.66, range 4-5 ,  in Grade II astrocytomas mean was 8.07, range 5-12 ,in Grade III astrocytomas mean was 13.5 , range 8-20,  in Grade IV astrocytomas mean was 22.93, range 15-50. There was a highly significant correlation between the histopathological grade of astrocytomas and Ki-67 LI (p<0.05).Conclusions: The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 has proven its prognostic and diagnostic power in astrocytic tumors. Ki-67 LI is the simplest and the most reliable method for evaluating cell proliferation. Ki-67 LI increased with histological grade and the difference between low grade (I and II astrocytomas) and high grade (grade III and IV) is significant. In the present study Ki-67 LI is not dependent on factors like age and sex and is solely dependent on histological grade.

scholarly journals Socio-epidemiological study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among under five children in rural Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Anjana Verma ◽  
Dhriti Chugh ◽  
Ashish Patyal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Medha Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Study Population

Background: Malnutrition continues to be a major problem in India and is rightfully described as “the silent emergency.” Sociocultural factors and rural urban disparity in health services in our country further impact the health outcomes. The effects of malnutrition are long-term and trap generations in the vicious circle of poverty. Improving nutrition is therefore essential to accelerate economic growth and development of the country.Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 200 under five children residing in rural Udaipur, Rajasthan. Random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured validated questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic data, birth history, Anganwadi beneficiary status etc. Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight and heights were recorded and classified as underweight, wasted and stunted, using standard World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.Results: This study revealed that 58% of the study population was stunted, 45% was wasted, 54% was underweight and 5% was overweight of the study population was overweight. Regarding the association of malnutrition parameters with other factors, it was found that malnutrition was high among female children, lower socioeconomic class, children of low educated mothers and children who were not exclusively breast fed.Conclusions: To combat malnutrition in India, there is need of multifaceted approach, taking into account the sociocultural determinants, demographic variables, especially in rural areas. In addition to providing supplementary nutrition, innovations regarding specific interventions targeted towards vulnerable population is necessary.

scholarly journals The Magnitude of Hepatic Transaminase Rise and Its Correlation with the Severity of Dengue Fever

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Farhana Afroz ◽  
Hasna Fahmima Haque ◽  
Samira Rahat Afroze ◽  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Jamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Hepatic Enzyme ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Involvement ◽  
Hepatic Transaminase ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grade Iii

Background and Objective: Biochemical evidence of hepatic enzyme rise is very common in dengue fever. This study was designed to see the levels of elevated hepatic enzymes and their correlation with severity of dengue fever (DF).\Materials and Methods: It was an observational study conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine of BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of six months (July to December, 2010). Fifty serologically confirmed (IgM/IgM and IgG) dengue fever patients were included in the study.Results: Of the 50 patients, 32 (64%) were male and 18 (36%) were female. The mean age was 44.2 (21-54) years. Out of 50 cases, 23 (46%) cases had classical dengue fever, 20 (40%) had dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Grade I, 6 (12%) had DHF Grade II and 1 (2%) had DHF Grade III. Hepatic enzymes were raised in 47 (94%) cases. Mean aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was 98.77 U/L, mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was 88.09 U/L. In 46 (92%) cases AST was more than ALT. Enzyme rise was more in DHF (Grade III- mean AST 298 U/L, mean ALT 232 U/L, Grade II- mean AST 212.6 U/L, mean ALT 198.7 U/L, Grade I- mean AST 97.3 U/ L, mean ALT 86.2 U/L) than classical dengue fever (mean AST 61.7 U/L, mean ALT 54.9 U/L). Mean bilirubin was 1.82 mg/dl. No difference was observed between classical dengue fever and DHF regarding serum bilirubin level.Conclusion: The above results suggest that hepatic involvement in dengue fever is common and the amplitude of transaminase rise indicates the severity of the disease.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(2): 74-77

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